Follow in the footsteps of the leader and tell the story, today we are talking about Hungary. Hungary is a small country in Eastern Europe thousands of miles away from China. Many people believe that the Hungarians are the descendants of the Xiongnu in the north during the Qin and Han dynasties in China. Hungary is like a basin surrounded by the Alps, the Carpathia and the Dinara Mountains. Due to the special geographical environment, Hungary has formed a unique "cultural island".
Hungary is a relatively closed area surrounded by mountains, and the dark colors in the picture are mountains
Location of Hungary
They also gave relevant evidence, such as that if a Chinese name is Wang Xiaoer, the name of the British country will be written as Xiaoer. Wang, and in Hungarian it is also Wang Xiaoer. Like the Chinese, they have the surname first and the first name last. In addition, Hungary also has 12 zodiac signs, and the other 11 are all the same, except that the "tiger" is changed to a leopard.
Even Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban admitted in an interview on May 9 that Hungarians come from the far east, and not only Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, but also Hungarian people have a consensus that they are more or less related to the historical Huns. Orban also looks too much like a purebred Westerner. Compare the looks of Orban and NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg.
Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban
NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg
But the trouble is that the history of Europe and the history of the East are not connected, and I don't know if the Huns who turned Europe upside down during the great migration of Eastern and Western peoples in Attila's era were the Huns.
In the 18th century, the French historian Deggin put forward the conjecture that "the Huns are the Huns", which was supported by the German scholar Xia De and the Chinese scholar Zhang Taiyan. Those who hold this view believe that after the Northern Xiongnu were defeated by Dou Xian, the Xiongnu followed the Russian plain all the way to the east, settling in the Caucasus on the one hand, partly in the Russian Volga Valley, partly in Bulgaria, and partly in Hungary.
Due to the incoherence between the history of Europe and the history of the East, there is a misunderstanding, so we have to start from the beginning.
1. What are the Huns, and what is "Feng Wolf Juxu, Yan Ran Leshi"
The Xiongnu appeared around the 4th century BC, and during the Qin and Han dynasties, Mao Dunshan unified the Xiongnu tribes. The Huns "chased water and grass, practiced shooting and hunting, forgot the monarch and ministers, slightly married eunuchs, and galloped without walls", and everyone in the Huns was a good rider and skilled in bows and horses. The Central Plains Dynasty often couldn't beat them in wars, and wherever they fought, they robbed wherever they went, without logistics. At their peak, they stretched from the Altai Mountains in the west to Lake Baikal in the north, and became a powerful nomadic people who dominated the Mongolian plateau. It should be said here that the Xiongnu are not a single ethnic group, but a collective name for the ethnic groups or tribes of the Mongolian Plateau, and the race may be yellow or white.
Yan Ran Le Stone
Until the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the dynasty accumulated 600,000 military horses and sent Li Guang, Wei Qing, and Huo Qubing to drive the Xiongnu north. After years of blows, especially in the era of Huo Qu's disease, the Xiongnu were disabled, the Southern Xiongnu were attached to the Han Dynasty, and the Northern Xiongnu fled to the Russian steppe. After Huo Quai, he climbed the Wolf Juxu Mountain to seal Zen, this is the "Seal the Wolf Juxu", when he arrived at the Emperor Zhang of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Northern Xiongnu harassed the Eastern Han Dynasty again, and his relative Dou Xian led the troops to attack the Xiongnu in the north in order to atone for his crimes. Dou Xian defeated the main force of the Northern Xiongnu, captured more than one million head of livestock, climbed Yanran Mountain, and made the historian Bangu carve a stone to commemorate, which is "Yanran Le Stone". Many of the soldiers and horses of the Eastern Han Dynasty led by Dou Xian were Southern Huns.
2. What is the Huns and the Hun Empire?
As mentioned earlier, the Northern Xiongnu fled westward under the continuous blows of the Han Dynasty and the Southern Xiongnu, and in 160 years had fled to the area of today's Xinjiang, where they were caught up by the Han army and defeated the Northern Xiongnu again. After that, the records of the Xiongnu did not disappear in Chinese history books, and the Northern Xiongnu disappeared.
It was not until 200 years later that the first great migration of ethnic groups occurred in Eurasia, and historians believe that after the Northern Xiongnu were defeated by the Han Dynasty, they recuperated in the Syr Darya River valley in Central Asia and regained their vitality before migrating to Europe. But there is no direct evidence that the Huns were the Huns.
349
In 350, the Hun Empire arose abruptly from the territories of the Northern Uyle, Scythian, and Liu states, and compressed the living space of the Alans
The state established by the Huns was called the "Hun Empire", which did not exist in 349 and rose rapidly in 350. Perhaps it was the remnants of the Northern Xiongnu who hid in the Syr Darya River valley in Central Asia, recuperated for 100 years, and destroyed the Scythians, Liuguo, etc.
The westward expansion of the Huns brought about a chain reaction. The Huns defeated the Alans, the Alans defeated the Ostrogoths, the Ostrogoths defeated the Visigoths, and the Germanic of them destroyed Western Rome. It is worth mentioning that the Magyars, the main ethnic group of Hungary, are still in the South Russian steppe.
At the height of the power of the Hun Empire in Europe, the Magyars, the main ethnic group of Hungary, were still herding cattle in the steppes of South Russia
The Hunnic Empire, which reached its peak in the time of Attila, also achieved a clear strategic advantage over the Eastern Roman Empire, and was known as the "Whip of God". So, the European countries contributed a stunning beauty to Attila, and on the wedding night, Attila died suddenly, and the history books do not say how Attila died, but died anyway. After Attila's death in 453, the Hun Empire quickly collapsed.
3. The Magyars, the main ethnic group of Hungary
Magyars, who make up 90% of Hungary's population of 10 million, are also known as Hungarians, a Uralic language family, are the majority ethnic group of Hungary, also distributed in Romania, Slovakia, Serbia and Ukraine, and a few live in the United States, Canada, Brazil and Australia. It is believed that the Magyars originally lived in the area of Bashkir in southwestern Siberia; The people who most closely resemble the Magyars are the Mansi.
The Magyars originated in the South Russian steppe
In the Middle Ages, the Magyars originated from the Uralic language family, and during their migration, they mixed with the Turks and other nomadic peoples for a long time, and were contaminated with many nomadic customs. About the 5th century, the area between the activities of the Marza people and the southern part of the Ural Mountains and the Volga River was called Bashkortia (Bashkortostan) and Perm Krai. In 895, the Magyar Confederacy, consisting of seven tribes, moved from the steppes of Eastern Europe to the Carpathian Basin. The Kingdom of Hungary was established in 1000.
From the above description, we find that the Huns migrated from Central Asia to Europe, and after the fall of the Hun Empire, we cannot rule out that they also left roots in Hungary, not to mention that Hungary is still a relatively closed basin. Today, the main ethnic group of Hungary migrated to Hungary from the South Russian steppe, and the Magyars were still in the South Russian steppe when the Hun Empire fell. Even if there is an intersection between them, the intersection is not deep. And whether the Huns are the Huns or not, it is still unclear.
Since Orban came to recognize relatives, then recognize it, and multiple relatives are not a bad thing.