Before, I only knew the general Huang Kecheng, but I didn't know much about his personality, and I found out recently that
This general has a forward-looking vision and a big picture view, and the key is not to be greedy, selfless, and insist on his own opinion!
The victory in the Continental Liberation War was laid by three major battles, starting first with the Liaoshen Campaign in the northeast, then the Pingjin Campaign in northern China, and then the Huaihai Campaign in controlling the Central Plains.
The reason why we started in the northeast is because our party had an advantage in the northeast at that time, and the success of these three major battles cannot be separated from one person, that is, General Huang Kecheng.
After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Soviet army controlled northeast China, Huang Kecheng realized that this was a good time for our army to enter the northeast, so he wanted to send a report to Yan'an through the East China Bureau to ask for instructions, but Rao Shushi, the secretary of the East China Bureau at the time, did not agree to send the report, and Huang Kecheng returned to his station and expressed his views on the current situation and military policy to Yan'an in his own name. He suggested to the Central Committee:
First, more troops should be sent to the northeast, at least 50,000 people, if 100,000 would be better, and send prestigious army leaders to preside over the work.
Second, with Shanxi, Rehe, and Chahar as the first base areas, we should concentrate 100,000 main forces and carry out a decisive battle to eliminate Fu Zuoyi, Yan Xishan, and Hu Zongnan, so as to achieve the goal of controlling the Cha, Sui, and Taihang Mountains.
Third, with Shandong as the second base area in Guannei, concentrate 150,000 main forces, and after the enemy disarms, carry out a decisive battle along the Shandong railway line to achieve the purpose of controlling the whole of Shandong.
Finally, in order to implement the above policy, Shandong should dispatch 30,000 to 50,000 people to the northeast, Central China should dispatch 30,000 to 60,000 people to Shandong, the main forces in Henan and the plains should be transferred to Shanxi, and the troops in Jiangnan should be transferred back to Jiangbei.
He believes that he does not know much about the material in all aspects, and may be a little one-sided, but he believes that our Party will not have a big strategic base area at present, and there will be no big victory.
Soon after, the central government issued it
Instructions on the Current Mandate and strategic approach and deployment for southward defence and northward development
In October, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ordered the main force of the Shandong army to move to the east and northeast of Hebei, and the main force of the New Fourth Army in East China was shifted from south to north to concentrate its forces, control the northeast, and defend north and central China.
On September 23, Huang Kecheng received orders from the central authorities to lead the main force of the 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army to the northeast with 35,000 men. On the 28th, Huang Kecheng led the 3rd Division through Shandong to the northeast, and the central government originally asked him to rest in Shandong for a while.
However, he believed that the soldiers were fast, and did not rest, and immediately after a little rest, they went north, and reached the vicinity of Jinzhou on November 25, completing the strategic mission of the central government.
Major General Zeng Kelin: There are many weapons in the northeast, come empty-handed! Huang Kecheng: All carry enough weapons
The 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army is a team that has always had a heroic tradition! His predecessor can be traced back to the Red Fifteenth Army under Xu Haidong.
The Red Fifteenth Army under the leadership of Huang Haidong, the Third Division of the New Fourth Army
The 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army led by Huang Kecheng was a well-known unit, its predecessor was first the Red 15th Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and later became the first 39th Army to enter Korea.
The Red 15th Army was formed on September 18, 1935, from the former 25th, 26th and 27th Armies to form the Red 15th Army, and the commander of the corps was Xu Haidong, a man who was praised by Mao Zedong as "a person who has made great contributions to the Chinese revolution".
Xu Haidong, whose original name was Yuanqing, was a native of Xujiaqiao Village, Huangpi, Hubei Province, who joined the Communist Party in April 1925, participated in the Northern Expedition in the summer of 1926, participated in the Jute Uprising in 1924, and led the 25th Army north to northern Shaanxi in 1935. He experienced more than 100 battles, 9 times, and had 17 wounds on his body. Xu Haidong has a nickname "Xu Tiger" and can fight hard battles, so he is scarred.
In February 1932, Xu Haidong led a regimental team to meet the enemy's troops of more than 20 regiments, after a day and a night of hard fighting, the forward position was broken by the enemy at dawn, many cadres were injured, Xu Haidong saw the situation, threw off his cotton clothes, and flew in the snow wearing white shirts.
As soon as the soldiers saw this situation, they knew that the time had come for a decisive battle, the people who had retreated returned to the position, xu Haidong's appearance made the morale of the officers and men of the Red Army greatly boosted, the trumpeter was sacrificed, the guards were wounded, Xu Haidong took up the trumpet himself, ran back and forth on the position, the enemy charged dozens of times and did not break through the defense line, on the 4th day the enemy finally retreated, and more than 2,000 people who had no time to escape became his prisoners. A captive admired Xu Haidong's tactics, could attack and defend, and admired him very much.
In 1935, after Xu Haidong learned that the Central Red Army and the Red Fourth Front were meeting in western Sichuan, he decided to cooperate with the main forces of the two major Red Army, and the Red 25th Army led its troops to attack southern Gansu, attacked LiangdangCheng, captured Tianshui County, threatened Jingning, cut off the road from Xi'an to Lanzhou, and threatened the enemy's rear. Chiang Kai-shek was extremely shocked, and issued 5 consecutive orders to dispatch the troops that surrounded the Central Red Army to return and attack the Red 25th Army.
On the third day after the establishment of the Red 15th Army, it was the enemy who launched an encirclement and suppression of the Shaanxi-Gansu base area, and after repeated comparisons, the troops decided to first destroy the Northeast Army that was trailing the Red 15th Army. The Red 15th Army decided to first besiege Ganquan, mobilizing the enemy in Yan'an, and then ambushing halfway.
After besieging Ganquan for 3 days, he still did not see the enemy in Yan'an come out, Xu Haidong was a little anxious, and at this time the scouts ran back breathlessly and reported that the enemy was coming.
Xu Haidong's headquarters was set up under a big tree, from the telescope to see the enemy out, originally estimated that the enemy will come out of 2 regiments, did not expect the enemy to appear, is four columns, which made Xu Haidong angry scolding, the enemy also thought that the Red Army would ambush, but estimated the wrong ambush location, thinking that the location of the ambush was in the place where he had just passed.
The commander of the enemy division also triumphantly said to the staff officer next to him: "I thought the communist army would hit me in an ambush!" Now that we're out, they can't hit us..." Before he could finish speaking, the deadly gunshots rang out.
The battle was fierce, and the enemy was crushed by the fierce gunfire of Xu Donghai's troops, and there was a mess everywhere.
At the same time, the Red Fifteenth Army also blocked the enemy's retreat, and in the face of such a desperate situation, coupled with the Northeast Army's understanding of the policy of the Red Army, they surrendered one after another.
After the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists in 1937, the Red 15th Army was reorganized into the 344th Brigade of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, with Xu Haidong as the brigade commander and Huang Kecheng as the political commissar, and later participated in the Battle of Pingxingguan.
In the Battle of Pingxingguan, Xu Haidong's troops served as an assist, which was important for this
Xu Haidong, who has always been good at fighting hard battles
He was a little reluctant to say so, but he resolutely carried out the order.
He likes to fight and grasp the combat section,
Xu Haidong liked to go to the place where the battle was most intense to command, and when the Battle of Pingxingguan was at its most intense, he also ran to the 2nd Battalion of the 687th Regiment, which was the most fiercely fought on the front line, and the staff officers could not stop him.
After the Battle of Pingxingguan, most of the troops withdrew. Xu Haidong also led the troops to negotiate with the enemy in the Area of Pingxingguan, the weather slowly became colder, the soldiers' equipment was getting less and less, worse and worse, the logistics were not available, and many soldiers were still wearing straw shoes and single clothes...
Lacking medical treatment, Xu Haidong's unit detected that the Japanese troops stationed at Pingxingguan also had a detachment responsible for transporting logistics and military supplies to and from the transportation of materials. Xu Haidong, who grasped this situation, personally led the troops to eliminate the enemy in xiaozhai village on the side of the road, taking the opportunity to destroy the enemy's road, and after a few days, the Japanese army mobilized heavy troops to try to open the line of communication, but Xu Haidong commanded the troops to repulse the enemy's attack after a day of fierce fighting.
Taking advantage of the victory to pursue, the troops approached the Pingxing Pass, and the troops quickly occupied the hill, taking advantage of the favorable terrain to fight fiercely with the enemy. On the wall of the flat Kanto wall, the Kuomintang army dropped many rolling mines when retreating, looking like a large iron ball, usually placed on the position, with a time to pull the fuse, with a kick to roll down the mountain, often rolled to the middle of the mountain and exploded.
The 687th Regiment took the opportunity to ignite these rolling mines, which made the Japanese army think that the Eighth Route Army had fired a cannon, and did not dare to fight and could only retreat in a daze, and Xu Haidong's troops occupied Pingxingguan for the second time.
This battle was called by Mao Zedong"
Secondary recovery of the flat type of pass
", also wrote an article income
Selected Works of Mao Zedong
。
Xu Haidong was very successful on the battlefield, often making the enemy dizzy and unable to find the location of the troops
The troops he led were also good at fighting hard battles and could fight hard battles, making the enemy helpless.
It is a pity that Xu Haidong's command ability has not been further exerted in the anti-Japanese battlefield.
Because of his body that had been injured many times, he was ordered by the central government to go back to recuperation.
After Xu Haidong left, the 344th Brigade was reorganized into the Second Column of the Eighth Route Army, with Zuo Quan as commander and Huang Kecheng as political commissar.
Zuo Quan was born in 1905, a native of Liling, Hunan, a first-term student of the Whampoa Military Academy, and a senior general of the Eighth Route Army.
In 1925, he was introduced by Chen Geng to join the Communist Party, joined the student army of the Whampoa Military Academy, entered the Frunze Military Academy of the Soviet Union for further study in 1927, served as the commander of the Red Army in 1930, participated in the Long March in 1934, participated in the battle of forcibly crossing the Dadu River and attacking Lazikou, in 1936, served as the acting commander of the Red First Army, led the troops to participate in the command of the Battle of Shan Castle, and participated in the Battle of the Hundred Regiments in 1940.
On February 6, 1940, in order to unify the operational command of the troops in the southern area of the Taihang Mountains, the central government decided to establish the 2nd Column of the Eighth Route Army, with Zuo Quan concurrently serving as the commander and Huang Kecheng as the political commissar, under the jurisdiction of the 344th Brigade of the 115th Division, the 3rd Column of the Shanxi Youth Anti-Enemy Death Squad, the newly organized 1st Brigade, the 1st Brigade of the Hebei Nationalist Army, and the Independent Guerrilla Detachment.
In 1942, Zuo Quan died at the age of 37 in order to cover the breakthrough and transfer of the Central Northern Bureau and the Eighth Route Army.
The Second Column of the Eighth Route Army of the Third Division of the New Fourth Army in the Past and Present Lives
Born in 1902 in Yongxing County, Hunan Province, Huang Kecheng joined the Communist Party in 1925, participated in the Shonan Uprising in 1928, and served as the political commissar of the Red 5th Army and Division in 1930. After arriving in northern Shaanxi, he became the head of the organization department of the General Political Department of the Red Army. After the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, he served as the political commissar of the 344th Brigade of the 115th Division. In 1940, he was appointed political commissar of the reorganized Second Column of the Eighth Route Army. In the same year, Huang Kecheng led the main force of the 344th Brigade and the New Second Brigade to a total of five regiments, 12,000 people and more than 500 cadres of the teaching battalion to support the New Fourth Army.
By 1940, the Second Column had grown to 20,000 men, but the concentration of so many men in one area was not conducive to future development, and in this Great Plains region, with so many troops, there was too little room for manoeuvre.
So he summoned Commander Yang and told him of his considerations, discussing: "In accordance with the strategic spirit of the central authorities consolidating North China and 'developing Central China,' we can suggest to the Central Committee and the General Headquarters that the Second Column be divided into two stalls, and we will lead one stall each, one part of which insists on the struggle between Jiluyu and The other part crosses the Longhai Road and develops toward Central China." ”
Yang Dezhi agreed with Huang Kecheng's opinion, so the two immediately reported to the central authorities. Soon the central government agreed with the two men and ordered Huang Kecheng to lead his troops south and advance across the Longhai Railway toward central China.
Huang Kecheng led his troops to the north bank of the Huai River, and merged with the six detachments of the New Fourth Army led by Peng Xuefeng to form the fourth column of the Eighth Route Army, with Peng Xuefeng as commander and Huang Kecheng as political commissar, preparing to implement the central government in the west of Jinpu Road and south of Longhai Road
"Consolidate the Yuwan base area and expand and reorganize the troops"
The intention is to launch a war against Japan.
On June 29, Liu Shaoqi, secretary of the Central Plains Bureau, called to instruct Huang Kecheng to continue to advance east, leaving a brigade and Peng Xuefeng to reorganize, and other troops to continue to move east of Jinpu Road.
However, at that time, the reorganization had been completed, Peng Xuefeng suggested that he stay, and replied that the Central Plains Bureau planned to develop towards Funiu Mountain, and Huang Kecheng also agreed with this point of view, but Liu Shaoqi asked him to go east three times, and the headquarters asked him to co-edit, so he could only send a report to the Central Committee to ask whether to listen to the command of the headquarters or the Central Plains Bureau, and soon Mao Zedong replied on behalf of the Central Committee: Commanded by the Central Plains Bureau.
So Huang Kecheng left two regiments of the 344th Brigade
Peng Xuefeng
He led the second column organs and teaching battalions through Jinpu Road to reach the northeast Anhui region in early August.
After arriving at the designated location, Huang Kecheng rushed to the Central Plains Bureau's station to meet Liu Shaoqi. Liu Shaoqi briefed him on the local situation: Zhang Aiping's troops had more than a thousand people, as well as the Suluyu detachment led by Peng Mingzhi, Wei Guoqing commanded a shandong Eighth Route Army to advance southward, and Jiang Hua brought some troops from Shandong. Although there are many anti-Japanese forces here, they lack unified command, and no one can command anyone.
The reason why Liu Shaoqi called him here was to make him responsible for the overall leadership work. And told him he had called the central government.
The Fifth Column of the Eighth Route Army of the Third Division of the New Fourth Army in past and present lives
After the agreement of the Central Plains Bureau, the New Second Brigade, the 687th Regiment of the 344th Brigade, the Suluyu Detachment, the Longhainanjin Detachment, and the Fourth General Brigade were finally merged into the Fifth Column of the Eighth Route Army.
In October 1940, Chen Yi asked him for help due to the attack of the Kuomintang Han Deloitte, and Huang Kecheng immediately led 5 main regiments to the Yancheng area to support Chen Yi.
In the face of Han Deloitte's repeated provocations, it finally happened
Battle of Caodian
Before the battle, Huang Kecheng was opposed to launching a tough battle, believing that the caodian area had a dense water network, and the offensive battle was very unfavorable to our army, and believed that the instructions of the central authorities should be adhered to
"We should be prepared to deal with the darkest situation. Our countermeasure is to deal steadily with the Kuomintang's offensive, to take a defensive position militarily, and if he does not attack, I will not move. Political emphasis was placed on unity against Japan. ”
But
His comments were not taken into account
At the insistence of the Central Plains Bureau and the Central China Command, the Central Committee agreed to attack the meadows.
Before the battle, he proposed a six-point combat policy and adhered to the method of protracted warfare.
First of all, it encircles the enemy's stronghold, cuts off its contact and reinforcements, forces the enemy into the stronghold, gradually breaks through, consumes the enemy's ammunition with small units, destroys its houses, and finally finds the enemy's weakness and attacks and destroys them. If attacked, it needs to be bombarded with all the artillery fire.
Pity him
The proposal was again rejected
After eighteen days of fierce fighting, the enemy was annihilated by eight thousand, and our army also suffered two thousand casualties; the defeat in the Battle of Meadow was considered by the superior leaders to be Huang Kecheng's "right-leaning" mistake, so he was dismissed from his post as commander of the Fifth Column and was concurrently held by Chen Yi, but because Chen Yi was the commander-in-chief of the New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army in central China, he was in charge of the overall situation and had no time to take care of the Fifth Column
Huang Kecheng exercised the power of commander as a political commissar
The Third Division of the New Fourth Army in past and present lives
In 1941, the headquarters of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui was ambushed by the superior strength of the Kuomintang and completely destroyed, which shocked the whole of China.
On January 20, the Central Committee decided to rebuild the New Fourth Army Headquarters, and the news of the rebuilding of the New Fourth Army made Huang Kecheng and his comrades rejoice, and on February 2, Mao Zedong called Huang Kecheng and asked huang Kecheng to reorganize the troops led by Huang Kecheng into the name of the New Fourth Army.
In late February, the New Fourth Army announced new cadre appointments and rebuilt the New Fourth Army. The unified New Fourth Army had seven divisions and one independent brigade. The Fifth Column led by Huang Kecheng was reorganized into the Third Division of the New Fourth Army, with Huang Kecheng as division commander and political commissar, and the deputy division commander was Zhang Aiping.
In July, the Japanese army launched a frenzied sweep of the base areas, dispatching more than 17,000 people plus more than 200 aircraft and hundreds of motorboats to launch a three-dimensional attack on land, land and air. At that time, the slogan put forward by the New Fourth Army was to defend Yancheng, but this slogan was opposed by Huang Kecheng.
He believed that under the current situation where the enemy is strong and we are weak, it is not appropriate to engage in frontal blockade of the Japanese army
，
"Defending Yancheng"
The slogan is clearly out of place,
It is recommended that the Central China Bureau and the Military Department withdraw from Yancheng as soon as possible
, jump out of the enemy's encirclement. As for the troops, they carried out scattered guerrilla attacks and waited for the opportunity to counterattack.
The battle to defend Yancheng was fought very hard, and the New Fourth Army suffered heavy casualties.
The situation on the front line is not optimistic
, helplessly
Huang Kecheng again called the Party Central Committee to report on the situation
The Party Central Committee called the New Fourth Army To inquire about the situation, and at this time the situation of the New Fourth Army was even more difficult, and Liu Shaoqi reported the details to the Central Committee.
After discussion, the New Fourth Army finally agreed with Huang Kecheng's proposal
,July 10,
Chen Yi decisively ordered the New Fourth Army to withdraw from Yancheng, avoiding a crisis.
Huang Kecheng left the main force of the 344th Brigade in eastern Anhui, only took the 687th Regiment south, and finally formed the Third Division of the New Fourth Army, and the main force of the remaining 344th Brigade formed the Fourth Division into the Tenth Brigade. However, the troops lost the anti-stubborn struggle in western Henan, the losses of the troops were relatively large, and traitors appeared in the troops, which made the comrades very pessimistic.
Huang Kecheng believed that although he was in a local area, he should look at the overall situation, the strength of the Fourth Division was weakened, and he should give help, so he suggested that the Ninth Brigade and the Tenth Brigade, which were well preserved in the strength and structure of the Third Division, should be adjusted to each other to facilitate the development of the Fourth Division.
Huang Kecheng's suggestion was supported by his superiors, so the two teams of the Ninth and Tenth Brigades were reversed, the Tenth Brigade was Huang Kecheng's old subordinates, their arrival made Huang Kecheng very happy, and then the main force was localized, the Tenth Brigade was arranged to Huaihai District, the Tenth Brigade quickly recovered its vitality in Huaihai District, and the anti-Japanese armed struggle in the entire Huaihai Plain was in full swing and developed rapidly.
After that, Huang Kecheng led the Third Division of the New Fourth Army to drive through the Huaihai and Yanfu districts, turned to northern Jiangsu, and finally gained a foothold in northern Jiangsu after a bloody struggle, and after the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan, the base area in northern Jiangsu has become a liberated area with more than 40,000 square kilometers of land and a population of more than 8 million.
In September 1945, Huang Kecheng learned from a telegram from the central government that the Soviet Union had occupied the northeast region after eliminating the Kwantung Army, and only a small number of our party troops had entered the northeast. At this time, Huang Kecheng was keenly aware that the Kuomintang troops were still in the rear area, and it would be too late to transfer to the northeast for a while and a half, and this was a good time for our army to enter the northeast and open up the strategic base areas in the northeast.
Therefore, Huang Kecheng suggested to Rao Shushi (Rao Shushi and Gao Gang later formed a Gao Rao anti-party alliance and was sentenced to prison) that the military department send a report to the central government, asking the central government to quickly dispatch troops to the northeast. However, Rao Shushi did not want to take on this responsibility, saying that it was easy for the central authorities to use the radio of the military department to send a telegram to the central government, so that the central authorities would think that this was the opinion of the military department...
So Huang Kecheng sent a telegram to the central government in his own name, and the central government attached great importance to Huang Kecheng's telegram and immediately forwarded it to Mao Zedong, who was negotiating in Chongqing.
"Good! Good! Comrade Kecheng's suggestion is very important! ”
After reading the telegram, Mao Zedong very much agreed with Huang Kecheng's point of view, and after discussion between the Central Committee and Mao Zedong, he decided
In light of the development of the situation, correct principles and policies have been formulated
。 On September 17, the central government was determined
"Defend to the south, develop to the north"
Strategic approach.
Huang Kecheng's troops, who had just arrived in Jinzhou, received a telegram from the Northeast Bureau, ordering them to cut off the Beining Line and prevent the Kuomintang army from entering Shenyang. Facts have proved that if Huang Kecheng had not made a prejudgment in advance and the central authorities had made preparations for the timely adjustment of their tactics and principles, then the situation of our party in the northeast would have been unimaginable, and after that, the main force of our army was successively transferred into the northeast with 110,000 people, while the main force of the Kuomintang was still in the rear for the time being, and there was not so much transfer into the northeast, which caused our army's superiority in the northeast.
Before entering the northeast, Huang Kecheng had a premonition of the importance of the northeast, and Chiang Kai-shek would certainly do everything possible to seize the northeast, and he could also use American aircraft and warships to transport troops to the northeast; therefore, our army could neither immediately monopolize the northeast nor win a rapid victory against the Kuomintang in the northeast.
According to the situation at that time, the third division of the New Fourth Army, which entered the northeast, had more than 35,000 people, and according to the situation at that time, the army could be expanded into 4 divisions, but Huang Kecheng did not do so, he believed that "we are the people's army led by the party, the troop establishment is determined by the Central Military Commission, and we ourselves have no power and no reason to expand the establishment without authorization."
Communists are revolutionary and cannot be straw kings. ”
At this time, the Northeast Democratic United Army was in the stage of its inception, and for the sake of the overall situation, Huang Kecheng took the initiative to hand over the troops to the Northeast Democratic United Army.
He took a small number of troops to Western Manchuria and opened up a new base area.
In 1946, the Northeast Democratic United Army was unified and reorganized, and the 8th, 10th and Independent Brigades of the 3rd Division were reorganized into the 2nd Column of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, which was later changed to the 39th Army of the Eastern Field Army. On November 1, 1948, the 2nd Column was renamed the 39th Infantry Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, with Liu Zhen as its commander.
After participating in the Battle of Pingjin, the 39th Army advanced in the direction of central and southern China, all the way to Zhennanguan.
On January 2, 1950, the 39th Army was ordered to move north to defend the northeast. On October 21, he went to Korea to participate in the war. On November 1, he fought his first battle abroad in the Yunshan area, and returned to China in May 1953.
General Huang Kecheng has a good view of the overall situation, he will not only see his own piece, but has always considered the problem from the overall situation; when he was in the second column, he was able to take the initiative to separate the troops, seek another development on his own, take the initiative to take responsibility in the case of problems with friendly troops, and take the initiative to surrender military power to create a new situation under difficult conditions, reflecting the noble character of General Huang Kecheng!
He insisted on his own point of view, resolutely opposed the erroneous policy of his superiors, and did not dispel his correct views because of the disagreement of his superiors, and it was precisely this noble quality that achieved the great achievements of a generation of generals!