The last Japanese Eighth Route Army veteran: China is where I get a new life

China

The last Japanese Soldier of the Eighth Route Army, Kobayashi Hirosumi (1919-2019)

Today, in 2019, a Japanese elderly man who is nearly 100 years old has passed away peacefully. The next day, the Chinese Embassy in Japan issued an obituary mourning the old man who had passed away. The news returned to China, and a dusty past and a name that was very unfamiliar to most of the Chinese, Kobayashi Hirosumi, reappeared in people's field of vision.

Careful people recall that four years ago, in September 2015, when Chinese min solemnly commemorated the 70th anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the 96-year-old old man, as the only Japanese veteran of the Eighth Route Army, was awarded the 70th anniversary medal for the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japan and was received by China's top leaders. On the following day, he participated in the military parade.

From a Japanese invading Japanese army, to a staunch anti-Japanese fighter and a Member of the Communist Party of China, to an anti-war life dedicated to Sino-Japanese friendship all his life, Mr. Kobayashi's life is full of legends and admiration.

War is cruel and merciless, but Mr. Kobayashi Hirosumi has proved with his life's footprints that there are always some people who can transcend narrow national boundaries, understand justice and evil from the perspective of human civilization and the community of destiny, maintain a sober mind and firm position in the face of tremendous pressure, distinguish between right and wrong, and guard justice. They deserve our deep respect.

On the third anniversary of the death of Mr. Kobayashi, let us relive his legendary experience. Never forget the past, the teacher of the future, cherish peace, and uphold justice.

The last Japanese eighth route army veteran:

China is where I get a new lease of life

Source | Observer Network, etc

The little monk turned into an invading Japanese army

Back on September 2, 1919, Kobayashi was born in Gunma Prefecture, in the Kanto region of Japan. Because there was a temple handed down from the ancestors, Kobayashi's father was a monk, and Kobayashi became a little monk.

Kobayashi Hiroshi loves to read and has a super high memory, which can be seen once. When he was fourteen years old, his father took Kobayashi Hirosumi to visit the famous Tang Zhaoti Temple in Nara, which was built by the Chinese Tang Dynasty Jian Zhen, and during the worship of the Buddha, Kobayashi Hirosumi learned about Kanjin's six visits to Japan to teach Buddhism, and was greatly moved. At that time, Kobayashi's ideas were very simple, and he hoped to understand the true meaning of Buddhism as soon as possible and traveled to China to seek advanced Buddhism.

In 1939, Kobayashi Passed the local monk exam and became a true "monk" with a certificate, which meant that he could legitimately inherit his father's position or open a temple of his own, but Kobayashi still did not give up the idea of going to China.

Kobayashi Hirosumi (front right), still a monk in his hometown in 1939

With his father's permission, Kobayashi packed his bags and prepared to embark on the road to China, but at this critical moment, the Japanese army was desperately short of manpower during the invasion of China, and the troops began to recruit troops in the local area, and Emperor Showa ordered that "all the people are soldiers".

With a note of order, he enlisted in the army.

In June 1939, Kobayashi joined the Japanese army and became a member of the Japanese army invading China. The idea instilled in him by his father was the same as that of many hoodwinked Japanese people at that time: "It is supremely glorious for a man to fight for the emperor." ”

In January of the following year, Kobayashi landed at Qingdao with the 12th Army of the North China Dispatch Army. Subsequently, Xiaolin went to Zibo, Shandong Province, to participate in recruit training. "At that time, a traditional practice of recruit training was to beat people. I was wearing glasses, and the squad leader said I must be a cultured person, I must be arrogant, so I had to be the first to be beaten. So, the squad leader took off his shoes and smoked my face, and I bled on the spot, but I couldn't scream, I could only clench my teeth. "After so many years, that scene, he may never forget.

In 1940, Kobayashi Hirosumi, who had just joined the army

After the new recruit training, Kobayashi was sent to the Tonglin Detachment near Qingdao, China, which was the GuardIng Gun Tower. The detachment consisted of more than a dozen men, less than a platoon. Kobayashi was a superior soldier in the detachment and a light machine gunner.

Haunting his memory like a nightmare was the first time a Japanese officer had told him to kill someone. Once, he and the squad leader Zhongbao and a few other people went out, and four Chinese men came to them, and the squad leader ordered Kobayashi to go up and practice his bayonet. The squad leader called a few men up and grabbed a Chinese and ordered me to stab the man in the chest with a bayonet. The Chinese grabbed my bayonet, and I didn't dare to stab it. As soon as the squad leader came up, he kicked the man to the ground and then plunged the bayonet directly into his chest. A living person was stabbed to death. Mr. Kobayashi sighed a long time: That place is called Kirin Village.

Ambushed by the Eighth Route Army and captured

Years later, Kobayashi still vividly remembers the day he was captured, on June 7, 1941, when he was stationed in Muping County, Shandong Province.

Early in the morning, scouts reported that the Eighth Route Army had been spotted in a nearby village, with about 200 men. "The captain wanted to make a contribution, so he ordered to encircle and suppress, and mobilized a puppet army brigade with 200 people. Our Japanese army was two squads, about 30 people. At every event, it was always the puppet army brigade that walked in front, and we followed behind. In fact, I look down on them very much, and I beat my own compatriots for the Japanese, which is very spineless. ”

At about 8 o'clock in the morning, they rushed to the village, but did not find the Eighth Route Army, so they ran to the peasant's house for breakfast. "As soon as I picked up my rice bowl, there was a report that a figure was found on the hill in front of me. So we immediately assembled and rushed to the hill. I was a machine gunner carrying a heavy machine gun. When we were about to reach the hill, we found that we had been ambushed and began to retreat. ”

Kobayashi was not fast with his machine gun on his back, and another Japanese soldier, Toshiichi Shikata, split with the large troops, and they ran to the back of the mountain, only to encounter a group of the Eighth Route Army. "Those Eighth Route Army would speak a word of Japanese: Lay down your weapons, the Eighth Route Army will not kill prisoners." But we are imperial soldiers and cannot lay down our arms, because weapons are the lives of soldiers. Mr. Kobayashi said.

The Eighth Route Army was getting closer and closer, and there was just a pond where Xiaolin was standing. The Japanese soldier said to him, "Let's go take a sip of water." Kobayashi recalled, "Japanese people have to drink a sip of water before they die." So we went down to the edge of the pond, took a sip of water, and he shot himself first. I aimed the eye of the machine gun at my head, and when I went to pull the trigger, the machine gun shifted, and after the gun rang out, I only cut off a piece of scalp. ”

The old shadow of the anti-Japanese battlefield in Shandong

Read "On Socialism" and join the Eighth Route Army

When he wakes up, Kobayashi finds himself lying on a stretcher and scolds "Bagu Yaru". "What a shameful thing to be a captive. I wanted to roll off the stretcher, but I was pinned down by the Eighth Route Army and couldn't move. In this way, I was carried to a headquarters of the Jiaodong Detachment of the Eighth Route Army. I thought they were going to kill me, but they drugged me and locked me up in a small room, and I became a prisoner of the Eighth Route Army. ”

The Eighth Route Army, an anti-Japanese base in Shandong, escorted the prisoners

When Kobayashi was getting better, the Eighth Route Army sent him a book called "On Socialism." A few days later, I gave him a copy of "On Materialism." "In the beginning, I hated this kind of book. Later, it was really boring to be locked in the room, and I turned a few pages and felt that there was some truth. However, I was wary because I was a Japanese soldier and could not accept such thinking. Although I am very stubborn, the Chinese comrades still respect me and have a friendly attitude. Kobayashi said.

After more than a month of confrontation, Kobayashi's injuries were healed. One day, Jiang Kun, chief of the special operative section of the Jiaodong Brigade of the Eighth Route Army, said to Kobayashi, "Can you help me with my work?" Jiang Kun studied at the University of Tokyo and lived in Japan for 8 years. After the Lugou Bridge Incident, he resolutely returned to China to participate in the War of Resistance Against Japan.

"Mr. Jiang Kun is a very good person, speaks fluent Japanese, and sometimes talks to me about the past of Japanese life. But he asked me to help the Eighth Route Army, and I couldn't stand it, fearing that I would become a traitor. Jiang Kun did not force me, but he explained many truths: Japan launched a war of aggression, an inhumane war, and we should resist this war of aggression together. Later, I thought that what he said was also reasonable, so I made up my mind to help the Eighth Route Army. ”

In this way, Kobayashi joined the Eighth Route Army and became a member of the Japanese Anti-War Alliance. With the help of the section chief, on September 18, 1941, the tenth anniversary of the "918" incident, Kiyoshi Kobayashi, Cuckoo, Kobayashi Hirosumi and others established the "Jiaodong Branch of the Anti-War Alliance" and became a member of the Eighth Route Army. Since then, it has embarked on the road of opposing war and calling for peace.

Kobayashi (second from left) and his eighth route army comrades-

Old shadow of the Jin-Cha-Ji branch of the Chinese-Japanese anti-war alliance

Go to the Japanese artillery tower and shout

Kobayashi's most dangerous "revolutionary work" was to go to the Japanese artillery tower and shout. According to the "People's Daily News", the Japanese army in 1944 was already at the end of the crossbow, and the turtle shrank in the stronghold and could not move. One night, under the cover of soldiers of the Eighth Route Army, Kobayashi went deep into a stronghold near Rizhao City, climbed in a ditch 60 meters away, and began to shout with a shouting microphone:

"Brothers of the Japanese army, we are from the Japanese People's Liberation Army Alliance, talk to you about your hearts, please don't shoot, the Eighth Route Army troops have come a lot, but they are not attacking you, please rest assured!"

"What? What is the Liberation League! Are you Japanese? Someone in the stronghold shouted.

"I was a superior soldier of the Japanese troops stationed in Qingdao, wounded in wartime and captured by the Eighth Route Army, and they not only did not kill me, but also healed my wounds, treated me like brothers, treated me with preferential treatment everywhere, and educated me. I truly realize that Japan is an aggressor, running to China to kill and set fires, rape women, plunder Chinese resources, and arrest Chinese laborers, if you think about it, the Chinese army did not run to Japan to invade, the Eighth Route Army, the Chinese army, why did they fight with the Japanese army, because they are defending their own country and defending their own people! ”

A Japanese soldier in the stronghold shouted: "As a Japanese, you are a traitor, we are fighting a holy war for the emperor, you go!" ”

Kobayashi shouted:

"For the Emperor? The Emperor enjoyed the glory and wealth at home, sent us to a foreign country as cannon fodder, we died in battle, who will take care of the elderly parents, who will take care of the poor orphans and widows? And who will cultivate the land for them? Only by stopping the war can we return home to reunite with our loved ones as soon as possible..."

After a while, the sighs of the soldiers came from the stronghold.

"Bastards! This is traitorous slave propaganda, shoot fast! Rack machine gun shooting! This was the squad leader's frantic shout.

Da-da-da-da Xiaolin was afraid that the soldiers of the Eighth Route Army would be damaged, he wanted to end this shout, and finally shouted loudly: "Don't listen to the words of the squad leader, he is bold and weak, another day we will come again, we have put a lot of condolence bags here, you come and take it, this is a little heart of the Eighth Route Army, well, goodbye!" ”

In his later years, Kobayashi Hirosumi displayed the pamphlet that was shown to the Japanese soldiers in the artillery tower

Joined the Communist Party of China

Kobayashi's "rebellion" caused panic among the upper echelons of the Japanese army and offered him a reward for his capture. To this end, Kobayashi began to fight in various mountain villages under the cover of the Eighth Route Army and the Armed Workers' Brigade. "Once, in order to translate Mr. Aischi's "Materialist View of History" into Japanese as anti-war propaganda materials, I hid in a cave, and the village martial arts captain brought me food every day, and sometimes brought me a little wine. We are like brothers, pushing cups and changing cups, that is really a paradise in the war! ”

After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Kobayashi remained in the Foreign Affairs Office of the Jinan Municipal Government to help repatriate prisoners of war and Japanese overseas Chinese. After the outbreak of the Liberation War, he continued to work on the anti-war campaign.

In January 1946, Mr. Kobayashi fell ill at work. One night, Shu Tong, director of the Political Department of the Shandong Military Region, came to visit him, "Comrade Kobayashi, would you like to join the party?" Kobayashi asked, "I'm Japanese, can I?" Shu Tong said: "You are a revolutionary comrade, you can apply to join the party, and I will come to introduce you to the party." Therefore, under Shu Tong's introduction, the Shandong Provincial Party Committee approved Xiaolin to join the Communist Party of China.

Kobayashi Hirosumi, Member of the Communist Party of China (first from left)

Shu Tong later served as the first secretary of the CPC Shandong Provincial Committee, the secretary of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, the vice president of the Academy of Military Sciences of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and the first chairman of the Chinese Calligraphers Association. Kobayashi has always regretted: "I didn't ask him for a word." Later, when he went to the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing to pay homage to the old chief, he still remembered: "If there is a picture, I will hang it on the bedside, just like when he was with me." ”

The Central Organization Department knew about it, and the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee issued a circular saying that foreigners joining the Party must be examined and approved by the Central Organization Department, and those approved by the Shandong Provincial CPC Committee are not counted. So I rewrote an application. The Central Organization Department read my application and autobiography, and praised me, saying that my application was very movingly written and that the Chinese level was also very good. So they approved me to join the party. Mr. Kobayashi said. He wrote the application for joining the party for 3 days.

Two marriages

When Kobayashi reached the age of talking about marriage, the chief introduced him to a Japanese nurse who went south with the Northeast People's Liberation Army, and both of them had a lot of feelings. However, not long after the marriage, the troops were pulled out, and the wife also went south with the troops. At first, he still corresponded, but later, the letters written by Kobayashi sank into the sea. "That's how our marriage ended." Kobayashi said with a bitter smile.

By 1953, Xiaolin was 33 years old and was serving as vice president of the Fengzhen People's Hospital in Inner Mongolia. Once, when Kobayashi was on a business trip to Shenyang, his comrade-in-arms introduced him to a Japanese nurse. Later, she was also transferred to Fengzhen, and the two married in the hospital. In 1954, the year his son was born, the year china promulgated the constitution, Kobayashi named his son "Xianming", and the nickname "Friendship". The following year, madame became pregnant with a daughter again. Although her daughter was born in Japan, kobayashi named her "Toyoko" in honor of Toyojin. For his family, Fengzhen is the second hometown.

In December 1955, the organization decided to let Mr. Kobayashi's family return to China. At that time, it was also the time when the Chinese government repatriated the remaining Japanese, and Kobayashi and his wife and children embarked on a voyage back to China in Tianjin. "I've lived and worked in China for 15 years, and I really can't bear to leave my comrades. When I left the hospital, everyone was in tears, and I was crying. When I left Tianjin Port, I knew that my comrades were sending me, and I couldn't shake hands, I couldn't hug, I couldn't give a military salute, I could only look at each other silently. ”

A photo taken by Kobayashi before returning to China

He was monitored after returning to China

After returning to Japan, Mr. Kobayashi's true identity in China was quickly locked up by the Japanese government. Instead of arresting him, he was placed on the police surveillance list.

Raising a family became Mr. Kobayashi's top priority after returning to Japan. Although the Chinese government has paid him a considerable amount of resettlement fees, there is not much left to buy a house in Tokyo. The job agency refused to introduce him to work. Because of his belief in materialism, he could not inherit the temple of his hometown.

After that, he was approached by the Japan-China Business Association and wanted him to participate in the work of the Japan-China Friendship Translation Corps. The following year, a shipping company invited him to join. The company still has such a story to this day. At that time, loading and unloading was very backward, and after the ships arrived at Chinese ports, they often waited for several days, sometimes up to half a month, to unload the goods. The company asked Mr. Kobayashi what he could do, and Kobayashi ran to China to find his old comrade-in-arms. Later, the local port authorities received a notice that the company's ships must be unloaded on a priority basis when they arrived at the dock. He worked until he was in his 70s, when Mr. Kobayashi retired.

In his later years, Kobayashi often wore a coat printed with the words "Serve the People"

One day, a police officer at a nearby kiosk said to Kobayashi, "We've been spying on you for decades, and we've been treating you like an international spy, but we found out you haven't done anything out of the ordinary." Start now, you're free. Xiao Lin found out that this one guard post was used to monitor him.

After his retirement, Mr. Kobayashi served as the president of the Veterans Association of the New Fourth Army of the Eighth Route Army of Japan. His first chairman was Maeda Mitsuhiro (1916- ), who joined the Eighth Route Army on January 2, 1939. The second president was in 1940 when he joined the Eighth Route Army's Hoya Politics (also known as Yasuo Mizuno, 1921-2012).

Late years ago, Tian Guangfeng

This organization also has a name called "Coconut Society", which means "eight and four" in the Japanese pronunciation, which wisely represents the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army. After returning to Japan from China in 1958, most of these veterans of the anti-war alliance of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army were affiliated with the Japanese Communist Party. In 1967, the Japanese Communist Party expelled them from dissenting party members who had returned from China. The expelled veterans established the Coconut Guild. In order to survive in that era, it was called the Coconut Shikai in a low-key manner, and now it is operating in the name of the Veterans Association of the Japanese Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army.

Since then, the members of the Veterans Association of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army of Japan have been concerned about politics, opposed the Abe regime's revision of the peace constitution, opposed Japan's pursuit of the path of militarism, opposed the Japanese head of government from visiting the Yasukuni Shrine, opposed the self-defense forces sending troops overseas to exercise the right of collective self-defense, and safeguarded the friendly relations between China and Japan. ”

Kobayashi Hirosumi received various anti-Japanese medals

In 2012, Kobayashi (second from right) participated in the celebration of the 85th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Embassy in Japan

On July 29, 2012, at a reception held at the Chinese Embassy in Japan to celebrate the 85th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Shigeo Tsutsui and others sang the "Military Song of the Chinese People's Liberation Army". From left to right, they were Kobayashi Hirosaki, Masaaki Mizuno, Shigeo Tsutsui, and Major General Xu Bin, then military attaché of the Chinese Embassy in Japan.

He has devoted his life to Sino-Japanese friendship

Kobayashi Hirosumi once said in an interview that on the former site of the Yan'an Workers' and Peasants' School, there is a monument to the victims of the former Japanese anti-war alliance in China. Engraved on the stele is the name of the member of the Anti-War Alliance who died on the battlefield of China's anti-Japanese war. From the establishment of the anti-war organization in July 1939 to the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in August 1945, the members of the Japanese Anti-War League in China who sacrificed their lives for the liberation of the Chinese people, 36 people with a name, they were:

Matsuyama, whose birthplace is unknown, died in January 1940

Kunio Oyama, whose place of origin is unknown, died in January 1940

Seiji Kakegawa, whose place of origin is unknown, died in January 1940

Ogata Nagafuku, a native of Aomori Prefecture, Japan, died in November 1941

Takeshi Yoshida, whose place of origin is unknown, died in May 1942

Kuroda, whose birthplace is unknown, died in September 1942

Shimi Tanaka, whose place of origin is unknown, died in May 1943

He was born in the field, where he was unknown, and died in July 1943

Kaneno □, unknown origin, died in 1943

Hiroshi Kaneno, a native of Akita Prefecture, Japan, died in the spring of 1944

Matsuno Kyaw, a native of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, died in March 1944

Suzuki □□, whose place of origin is unknown, died in March 1944

Kojiro Sakatani, Osaka, Japan, September 1944

Hara Hiromi, a native of Kyushu, Japan, died in the spring of 1945

Toshio Sahara, a native of Mie Prefecture, Japan, died in May 1945

Sueno, a native of Iwate Prefecture, Japan, died in May 1945

Hideo Miyagawa, a native of Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, died in June 1945

Tabata Wasaku, whose place of origin is unknown, was killed in June 1945

In 2015, 96-year-old Kobayashi Hiroshi personally came to the Changqing Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery to visit the grave of Hideo Miyagawa, an old comrade-in-arms of the Eighth Route Army who was buried here. Water brought from Mount Fuji in Japan was sprinkled on Hideo Miyagawa's grave.

After Japan's surrender in 1945, members of the Anti-War League began to return to China one after another. When he left Yan'an, he wrote a farewell letter to Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu. The letter was published in the Liberation Daily on September 2, 1945.

The letter reads:

We would like to express our deep gratitude to the Communist Party of China, the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army. The only way we can repay your kindness is to remember your teachings, to step up our exercises, and to strive for progress. On the front line, they educated their new Japanese brothers, and when they returned to Japan, they overcame all difficulties and worked hard to build a democratic Japan. This is an oath to you when we parted from Yan'an.

The overwhelming majority of the members of the Anti-War Alliance have always kept this oath in mind and devoted their lives to Sino-Japanese friendship, opposing war, and maintaining peace.

In his later years, Kobayashi Never forgot to call for peace

The years are passing, and time is like a arrow. Seventy years on, the world has changed dramatically. In an interview with Global People magazine, he said that he still remembered Shandong's scallion-flavored dumplings. Kobayashi said that in his lifetime, he should tell the real history to the next generation, tell his descendants, let more people know that Sino-Japanese friendship is not easy to come by, cherish it, love it, and never let the clock hand of history turn upside down.

On September 3, 2005, the 60th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War invited Kobayashi Kansumi to attend; in 2008, he consulted with director Fan Jianchuan at the "Jianchuan Museum" in Chengdu to build the "Japan Old Eighth Road Memorial Hall", one to commemorate the contributions made by the Japanese Eighth Route Army to the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and the other to let the Japanese understand the crimes committed by their own country.

THE END

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