That year
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang was to pacify the frontier
Repression is combined with appeasement
The Army of Zhengnan was moved to Qianzhong, Guizhou
History called "Transferring the North to the South"
The Chronicle of Anshun Province records: "The Tunbao people are the descendants of the Tunjun army in the Ming Dynasty. ”
With the Tunbao people
Ground play also has the soil to take root and sprout
The drums are either intense or gentle
Sometimes it's as fast as a rainstorm
Sometimes it's like a flying swallow
In the martial arts hall
The heroes of all walks of life flashed and moved to short armies
Each wielded his weapon to kill the sky in the dark
……
Play in peace
Formed in the early Ming Dynasty, the local opera is a traditional folk drama unique to the Tunbao people of Anshun City, Guizhou Province, wearing a woodcut mask, with a history of more than 600 years. At present, there are more than 300 church plays circulating, and Anshun Xixiu District accounts for more than 190 churches.
In May 2006, the ground opera was announced as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.
A village a play
Sources of ground play
Ground opera, commonly known as "jumping god", because the performance place is not on the stage, but in the open space paddock performance in the village, so it is called ground drama.
The local opera is inseparable from the Tun army of that year, and gradually evolved from the "military puppet", so the performance is based on the village as a unit, and the singing voice of the local opera team in each village is also different. Generally speaking, there are two or even three churches in one village, and there are twenty or thirty actors in each class, all of whom are authentic farmers.
Dream back to the six hundred years of Jingo Iron Horse
"The dancer of the gods wears a green scarf, a waist skirt, wears a false mask in front of his forehead, and holds a goat, spear, knife, and halberd in his hand, sings with his mouth, and dances in response to the sound." The "Manuscript of the Chronicle of the Continuation of Anshun Province" records the original style and performance form of the local opera, which is basically consistent with what we see today.
The main lines of anshun play are faces, flags, pheasant tails, long shirts, battle robes, battle skirts, weapons, handkerchiefs, folding fans, etc. In addition to the prominently featured faces, other lines are relatively close to similar lines in classical opera, especially by flags, pheasant tails, long shirts, battle robes, and battle skirts.
Ground play
Face
The woodcut mask worn during the performance of the ground opera is commonly known as the face, and is carved from ding wood or poplar wood. A trip to the scene is more than a hundred faces, and a few have dozens of faces. There are mainly positive generals, anti-generals, wen generals, wen and martial artists, small army elders, crooked mouths, laughing and giggling, monks, land, etc., as well as dragons, tigers, horses, rats and so on.
Male and female generals
In order to prevent the trend of "gradually abolishing martial affairs", they have the idea of practicing martial arts in the jumping gods, so most of the local dramas are mainly martial arts, and the interpretations are "Fengshen Shen", "Three Ying Battle Lü Bu", "Talking Tang", "Yang Jiajian", "Yue Fei Biography" and other conquest stories of Jinge Iron Horse.
High-stage play: Actors perform ground plays on stacked tables
Yiyang old cavity afterglow
Ground opera singing is a rap without the accompaniment of musical instruments, not divided, only male and female roles, there is no distinction between male and female vocal cavity, by the roles in the play while raping and singing while explaining the plot, but also "dance" out of the battle of the killing scene, majestic and rough, simple and strong.
At the beginning of the production of local opera, most of the troops coming to Qianqian were from Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Henan and other places, so the singing voice of the local opera also contained the afterglow of the high-pitched and local atmosphere of Yiyang old cavity.
The traditional jumping play, twice a year, the first time in the Spring Festival, the first time in the first month to choose the zodiac auspicious day to open the box, the ground opera class "sound the gong and drum, to sing the song of the gods"; the second time in the seventh month of the lunar calendar, called "jumping rice flower god", there is a prayer for a good harvest of grains.
Living fossil of Chinese drama
Anshundi opera is a rare living material for the study of drama genesis, anthropology, religion, folklore and other disciplines. It is known as the "living fossil of Chinese drama".
For the people of Tunbao, ground opera is an art of ancestral life in their hometown, and for the Tunpu people who have migrated to the mountains, it is a nostalgic souvenir. They make a living in the land of Anshun, and at the same time, they practice and pass on martial arts in the unique way of jumping the ground, which is also a kind of spiritual sustenance and expectation.
postscript
In the long river of history, the Central Plains civilization of the Ming and Qing dynasties has long become a history book, and the Jiangnan style of six hundred years ago was frozen in Tunbao, and the local drama has become the spiritual homeland that Tunbao people have held for generations in the long years.
statement
Information 丨《Endless Memories》
Picture 丨 Network
Video 丨@One Point Idea Watermelon Video
Typesetting, editing, finishing 丨@October Sheng
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