Preface
Major General Guo Weicheng
The Xi'an Incident changed the trend of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and was undoubtedly of great significance to China's national independence.
In this event affecting China, there is one person who is the protagonist to be talked about today, and he is Major General Guo Weicheng.
In the course of the Xi'an Incident, Guo Weicheng was appointed by the young marshal Zhang Xueliang as the acting standing member of the Propaganda Committee of the Provisional Northwest Military Commission of the Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, and was fully responsible for the public opinion propaganda of this incident, which shows the weight of Zhang Xueliang's trust in him.
Guo Weicheng in the Xi'an Incident
In 1935, under the orders of Chiang Kai-shek, the young marshal Zhang Xueliang fought with the Red Army in the battles of Laoshan, Yulin Bridge and Zhiluo Town.
In these three battles, Zhang Xueliang lost two and a half divisions, and his heart was extremely heavy. These lessons made Zhang Xueliang gradually realize Chiang Kai-shek."
Outside must first be inside
"Mistakes in policy.
Chang
At this time, Zhang Xueliang believed that it was necessary to contact the Communist Party, the backbone of the anti-Japanese resistance, stop the civil war, and unite with the Communist Party to resist Japan.
As a result, Zhang Xueliang began to make secret contacts with the Communist Party. These secret telegrams and documents were handled by Guo Weicheng, who was only 23 years old.
At this time, although Guo Weicheng was young, he was already an important leader of the head organs and confidential departments of the Northeast Army, ranking third in the confidential departments.
In April 1936, Zhang Xueliang personally flew a plane to Yan'an to have secret talks with CCP leader Zhou Enlai.
Soon after, Zhang Xueliang made up his mind to force Jiang to resist Japan.
After returning to Xi'an, in order to unify the internal thinking of the Northeast Army, Zhang Xueliang often asked his subordinates to study a pamphlet entitled "The Only Way Out for China is to Resist Japan".
Guo Weicheng and Hou Huisheng took a group photo
This pamphlet was compiled by Guo Weicheng on the basis of Zhang Xueliang's anti-Japanese remarks.
In order to make Chiang Kai-shek resist Japan, Zhang Xueliang repeatedly advised Chiang Kai-shek in person. However, Chiang Kai-shek told Zhang Xueliang that he was naïve and advised him not to fall for the Communist Party.
Chiang Kai-shek's repeated refusals made Zhang Xueliang think that there was not much hope for advising Chiang Kai-shek. In this case, there is only one way to practice military advice!
On December 12, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng together detained Chiang Kai-shek and created the Xi'an Incident, which shocked China and foreign countries.
In the early morning of the same day, Zhang Xueliang specially sent his own jeep to take Guo Weicheng to the command center of the Xi'an Incident, entrusted him with drafting a press release and propaganda outline for the arrest of Jiang, and was ready to announce it to the people of the world after the successful capture of Jiang.
From Zhang Xueliang's tone, Guo Weicheng heard the firm confidence that this time he would definitely win victory by catching Jiang. This made Guo Weicheng's heart very excited.
Guo Weicheng's heart vaguely felt that after this success, he could take revenge on the Japanese Kou! Suppressing the excitement in his heart, Guo Weicheng thought for a moment and completed all the tasks of propaganda in one breath.
In order to make Guo Weicheng's name justified, Zhang Xueliang appointed Guo Weicheng as the acting standing committee member of the Propaganda Committee of the Provisional Northwest Military Commission of the Anti-Japanese Coalition Army, responsible for publicizing the incident.
During this period, Guo Weicheng took over the Kuomintang's Xijing Daily, renamed it Liberation Daily, and published an editorial on the newspaper entitled "Either the Fish Dies or the Net Breaks."
After the communist Zhou Enlai arrived in Xi'an, in accordance with the Communist Party's proposal, Guo Weicheng sent important documents such as propaganda outlines and news summaries on the arrest of Chiang Kai-shek to Zhou Enlai for review.
Under the mediation of the Communist Party, the Xi'an Incident was resolved peacefully. Under pressure from all sides, Chiang Kai-shek had to agree to stop surrendering to the Communists and unanimously demand the anti-Japanese resistance to the outside world.
On December 25, Zhang Xueliang sent Chiang Kai-shek back to Nanjing with a generous heart. As soon as he got off the plane, Zhang Xueliang was detained and has been under house arrest ever since.
Zhang Xueliang and Miss Zhao Si
After hearing the news, in order not to let some secret documents fall into the hands of Lao Jiang, Miss Zhao Si (Zhao Qixia) kept Zhang Xueliang's dictation and the telegram documents of Zhang Xueliang and the CCP that she personally translated, and consulted with Guo Weicheng on countermeasures.
After consulting with Guo Weicheng, Miss Zhao Si burned all these secret documents, and none of them fell into Chiang Kai-shek's hands.
Although Miss Zhao Si did not say a few words to Guo Weicheng, in the process of Getting along with Zhang Xueliang, the clever Miss Zhao Si could see the weight of Guo Weicheng in Zhang Xue's conscience.
For Guo Weicheng, Zhang Xueliang is trustworthy. This trust stems from the interaction between the two people.
Interaction with Zhang Xueliang
At the age of 15, Guo Weicheng, a Manchu, left his hometown of YiXian County, Liaoning Province, to study at the High School Affiliated to Northeastern University in Shenyang.
In Shenyang, Guo Weicheng witnessed what the Japanese were doing. Some ordinary people just stop and look at the Japanese gendarmes and they will be beaten.
In 1928, the 16-year-old Guo Weicheng heard that Zhang Xueliang, commander-in-chief of the Northeast Border Defense Army, president of Northeastern University, and young marshal, was a hot-blooded figure with great efforts and high prestige, and he put forward a wish to meet him.
What Guo Weicheng did not expect was that Zhang Xueliang really received him.
During the meeting, Guo Weicheng told the principal what the students thought. He also expressed the hope that the school authorities could intervene to stop the atrocities committed by the Japanese army.
After listening carefully to Guo Weicheng's words, Zhang Xueliang developed a good feeling for the teenager in front of him and encouraged him to study hard and become a useful talent for the country in the future.
In 1931, after the September 18 Incident, Shenyang fell.
Guo Weicheng, a second-year student at northeastern University's Grammar School, like his classmates, left his homeland and embarked on the road to exile...
Along the way, Guo Weicheng suffered a lot and hated the aggression of the Japanese Kou to the bone.
Guo Weicheng in his youth
Guo Weicheng came to Beiping alone and entered Yenching University for loan. The following year, Guo Weicheng was admitted to Fudan University. While studying at Fudan University, Guo Weicheng joined the Communist Party of China.
In 1934, Guo Weicheng completed the credits ahead of schedule and obtained a bachelor's degree in law.
One day, a group of Kuomintang agents went to Guo Weicheng's dormitory to arrest him, and it was really good to catch up with Guo Weicheng and go out, so that he did not fall into the hands of the agents. The organization immediately informed Guo Weicheng to go to Beiping to find the underground party.
After Guo Weicheng arrived in Beiping, the underground party in Beiping was destroyed by secret agents. After staying for three months, Guo Weicheng, who was helpless, caught up with Zhang Xueliang to recruit soldiers.
Guo Weicheng heard that there were many Communists in the Northeast Army. In order to get in touch with the party organization, he wrote a letter to Wang Zhuoran, hoping to join the Northeast Army.
Under the recommendation of Wang Zhuoran, Guo Weicheng came to work by Zhang Xueliang's side.
With a good hand of articles, coupled with proficiency in ancient Chinese and English, Guo Weicheng, who had just entered the leading organs of the Northeast Army, soon became Zhang Xueliang's captain and specially translated English newspapers and periodicals for Zhang Xueliang.
Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai-shek
Later, Zhang Xueliang was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the deputy commander-in-chief of the "Communists" in the three provinces of Eyu and Anhui.
At this time, Zhang Xueliang, who was depressed in his heart, often asked Guo Weicheng to play tennis together to dispel the bitter feelings in his heart.
In the process of getting along, Zhang Xueliang's good feelings for Guo Weicheng are growing day by day, and he trusts him more and more. In the process of Zhang Xueliang's meetings, speeches, and outings, He can always see Guo Weicheng's figure.
Zhang Xueliang also gave him a nickname, called "Big Man".
After putting Zhang Xueliang under house arrest, taking advantage of the fact that a small number of careerists in the Northeast Army killed Wang Yizhe and other important generals in the Northeast Army, Chiang Kai-shek scattered the Northeast Army and disintegrated the Northeast Army.
In 1937, after the Lugou Bridge Incident, after a series of battles such as Taierzhuang, Guo Weicheng followed the patriotic general Yu Xuezhong to Shandong to carry out the anti-Japanese struggle here.
Later, through the Northeast Salvation Association, a peripheral party organization led by Zhou Enlai, Guo Weicheng told the person in charge, Yan Baohang, and others about his request to return to the organization.
Yan Baohang and others considered that at present, in the Northeast Army, Zhang Xueliang's cronies were only Guo Weicheng, and they did not agree to his request.
Yan Baohang
In 1941, Guo Weicheng, a 29-year-old who had been promoted to the post of major general, was sent by Xuezhong to Chongqing to contact the elders of the Northeast Army, hoping to have the opportunity to rescue the young marshal Zhang Xueliang.
In Chongqing, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Guo Weicheng, and looking at Guo Weicheng, who was dressed in a military uniform, Chiang Kai-shek became infatuated, not only inquiring about Guo Weicheng's family situation, but also seducing him with a high-ranking official Houlu.
In this regard, Guo Weicheng saw it very clearly and said to Chiang Kai-shek tactfully: "Thanks to the president's concern, Weicheng is willing to use this body to serve the country on the front line of Lusu!" ”
Soon after, Guo Weicheng regrettably left Chongqing and returned to the front line.
For Zhang Xueliang, Guo Weicheng has feelings and very much hopes to be able to do something for him that is beneficial to national independence.
In 1942, the 111th Division of the Northeast Army, where Guo Weicheng belonged, was squeezed by the Japanese army into the Jiazi Mountains. The Flag of the Japanese Army can be seen from the division headquarters.
During this period, Guo Weicheng often corresponded with Chang Endo, a special member of the Communist Party of China and the commander of the 111th Division. At first, although the two are often together, neither side knows the true identity of the other.
In the process of getting along, Chang Endo and Guo Weicheng, who shared the same political views, agreed that the cooperation between Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei had gradually become a foregone conclusion, and the only way out for the 111th Division was to revolt and fight against Japan with the Eighth Route Army.
Chang Endo and Guo Weicheng agreed to revolt the following spring. Soon after, Chang Endor suddenly became seriously ill.
After Chang Enduo became seriously ill, everyone in the army was panicked, and some reactionaries showed signs of seizing power by chance, which made Chang Enduo feel uneasy.
On August 2, Guo Weicheng went to visit Chang Endo.
After entering the door, Guo Weicheng saw that Chang Endo's condition was very serious and it was difficult to get better.
After seeing Guo Weicheng come in, Chang Enduo trembled and said, "
In my lifetime, if I can't hand over the troops to the Communist Party, I won't be blinded!
”
Guo Weicheng looked at Chang Endo, with tears in his eyes, and said to Chang Endo: "You can rest assured, we still have a way, have determination, and have confidence!" ”
Chang Enduo supported his body with the only strength he had, shook Guo Weicheng's hand, and said, "Brother, we have no time to ask for instructions to organize, let you direct the uprising!" ”
Chang Endo
Speaking, Chang Enduo asked people to take pen and paper and wrote a paragraph:
It is necessary to follow Guo Weicheng and implement Zhang Hangong's (Zhang Xueliang) propositions, which have reached the great desire to kill the enemy and commit adultery. Officers and men of this division must know.
August 2
Chang Endo handed the note to Guo Weicheng, called in the adjutant's cronies, and repeatedly told them to listen to Director Guo Weicheng, and if the uprising failed, he would kill himself with a pistol, and he would rather die than be a prisoner.
Guo Weicheng also said on the spot that he was the same as General Chang.
After the uprising of the 111th Division, after several days of arduous struggle, it finally broke through the siege, and under the leadership of Guo Weicheng, 3,000 troops came to the Shandong base area together and joined the Eighth Route Army.
At the welcome meeting, Guo Weicheng went to heaven and reported to Zhang Xueliang and Chang Endo:
The Northeast Army has gone to the light!
Luo Ronghuan
In this regard, Luo Ronghuan praised:
"The righteous deeds of the 111th Division were launched at a time when the Kuomintang reactionaries were at their most arrogant and the War of Resistance was the most arduous, and it was a heavy blow to the anti-communist and anti-people policies of the Kuomintang reactionaries."
See Yu Fengzhi
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Guo Weicheng was ordered to return to the northeast and served as the commander of the Qiqihar Escort Road Army and the director of the Qiqihar Railway Bureau.
During the Jinzhou Offensive, Guo Weicheng transported 1,700 tons of ammunition to the front line to ensure the ammunition needs of the campaign.
During the Liaoshen Campaign, Guo Weicheng was appointed as the commander of railway transportation of the Northeast Field Army, and rushed 100,000 troops to the western battlefield on time.
In the Liberation War, with the efforts of Guo Weicheng, a transportation miracle was created wherever the People's Liberation Army hit, and the train drove to wherever it went.
In 1952, Guo Weicheng was ordered to enter the DPRK and served as the director of the new railway command bureau of the Sino-DPRK Joint Forward Railway Transport Command and the commander of the Volunteer Army Railway Corps Headquarters, playing an important role in this war to defend the homeland.
After returning to China in 1953, Guo Weicheng, together with his wife Hou Huisheng, attended a welcome banquet held by the Government Council at the Beijing Hotel.
At the banquet, Premier Zhou Enlai walked up to Guo Weicheng, shook his hand, and said, "Comrade Weicheng, you have worked hard!" ”
Hearing Premier Zhou Enlai's words, Guo Weicheng was stunned. Premier Zhou continued: "You did a lot of work for the party during the Xi'an incident. ”
Guo Weicheng's heart was very moved, and he did not expect that more than ten years had passed, and Premier Zhou still remembered this incident.
In 1955, Guo Weicheng was awarded the rank of major general.
Later, Guo Weicheng successively served as deputy commander of the Railway Corps, commander-in-chief of the Daxinganling Battle Command of the Railway Corps, deputy commander of the Southwest Railway Construction Headquarters, director of the Zhengzhou Railway Bureau, and first secretary of the Party Committee.
In January 1975, Guo Weicheng served as the deputy minister of the Ministry of Railways; in December 1978, Guo Weicheng went to the vice minister of the Ministry of Railways.
In 1982, Guo Weicheng served as the leader of the leading group for the aftermath of the railway troops.
In 1988, 52 years had passed since the Xi'an Incident. Zhang Xueliang is 90 years old, imprisoned by old Jiang and Xiao Jiang for many years, and still cannot be free.
In order to commemorate the Xi'an Incident and strive for Zhang Xueliang to restore his freedom at an early date, six mass organizations, including northeastern university's alumni association in the United States and the National Chinese Association, jointly convened the ""
Seminar to commemorate the 52nd anniversary of the Xi'an Incident and strive for Zhang Xueliang's comprehensive freedom
”。
In 1988, Guo Weicheng was in the United States
With the approval of the organization, Guo Weicheng, as the only mainland Communist Party figure invited, went to the United States on behalf of the party and the people and made the greatest efforts to win Zhang Xueliang's comprehensive freedom.
On December 12, a seminar was held in washington, D.C., where the Catholic South Korea Pavilion was full.
Celebrities and people from all walks of life attending the meeting expressed strong demands to the Taiwan authorities. Demanded the return of General Zhang Xueliang's personal freedom.
At the meeting, Guo Weicheng's speech entitled "General Zhang Xueliang's Admired Character, Thoughts, and Behavior" was widely supported by the participants.
During the more than 20 days of his visit to the United States, Guo Weicheng worked late into the night every day to restore General Zhang Xueliang's full freedom.
Before Christmas, Guo Weicheng took Yan Baohang's daughter Yan Mingguang and his own daughter Guo Mei to the Hollywood Hilltop Villa in Los Angeles to visit Yu Fengzhi, the original wife of General Zhang Xueliang.
Yu Fengzhi had just gotten up, and before she had eaten breakfast, she heard the news that Guo Weicheng was coming, which made her very happy.
General Guo Weicheng
After seeing Guo Weicheng, Yu Fengzhi shook Guo Weicheng's hand and said, "Today, I can be regarded as seeing my relatives from China... You are all my relatives! ”
In the villa, Guo Weicheng and others told Yu Fengzhi that many relatives in China, as well as General Zhang Xueliang's subordinates and alumni of Northeastern University, missed her very much.
Listening to Guo Weicheng's words, Yu Fengzhi wiped the tears that flowed out and said, "In this life, I am afraid it will be difficult to see these people again." ”
In the course of the conversation, Guo Weicheng told Yu Fengzhi that several of her former friends in China are more than 90 years old, and her body is still very healthy, and everyone remembers her and hopes that she is healthy.
Guo Weicheng also told Yu Fengzhi that the houses in Shenyang's Grand Marshal's Mansion were well protected. In front of the old courtyard, a plaque of "General Zhang Xueliang's Former Residence" has been hung; the temporary land of Zhang Zuolin in Jinzhou Stagecoach has been preserved intact; marshal Lin of Fushun also has the conditions for relocation and burial...
Zhang Xueliang, Yu Fengzhi, Song Meiling, Chiang Kai-shek
Hearing this, Yu Fengzhi's heart was very relieved, and he repeatedly expressed his gratitude to the Communist Party and the country!
At the time of parting, Guo Weicheng took out a silk scarf, a tube of Longjing tea, two fitness balls and two books, "Northeast Military History" and "History of Northeastern University", and gave them to Yu Fengzhi as gifts.
Yu Fengzhi looked at these gifts and was very happy, so that her son Xiao Chaozhi bought some Christmas gifts and gave them back to Guo Weicheng and others.
On December 24, Christmas Eve, according to the prior agreement, Guo Weicheng and others came to the villa again to visit Yu Fengzhi.
Because of the appointment, Yu Fengzhi sat in a wheelchair early and waited for Guo Weicheng and others.
After seeing the figure of Guo Weicheng and others, Yu Fengzhi seemed very happy and felt extremely kind. After a brief greeting, everyone took a group photo as a souvenir.
Yu Fengzhi in his youth
In the chat, Yu Fengzhi's condition was mentioned, yu Fengzhi said that her internal organs were fine, she could eat and sleep, that is, she suffered from cataracts in her right eye and had not been operated on. When reading things and writing letters, it is very difficult. Years of knee arthritis, resulting in paralysis of the lower limbs, difficulty in moving, and very painful joints on cloudy days.
Guo Weicheng said to Feng Zhi, "You are old and not easy to treat. ”
Guo Weicheng told Yu Fengzhi that the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in China can cure paralysis of the lower limbs; cataracts can also be removed. As long as the physical conditions permit, it is best to strive to return to China and treat the disease at home.
Listening to Guo Weicheng's words, Yu Fengzhi was very interested.
Then, Yu Fengzhi said many things about the past.
Referring to the marriage with Zhang Xueliang, Yu Fengzhi said that their marriage was arranged by her father and Zhang Zuolin.
Zhang Zuolin
Remembering the past, Yu Fengzhi smiled and said, "When we got married, I was 19 years old, Han Qing was only 16 years old, I was still a child, he always called me big sister... My mother-in-law died early, and Zhang Laoshuai was both my father-in-law and mother-in-law, and I was very strict, and I had to serve tea and fill cigarettes on time every day. ”
Yu Fengzhi said that in the past, she also took out some money and opened a home economics department at Northeastern University.
Guo Weicheng said that Yu Fengzhi has contributed to Northeastern University. On the issue of northeastern university's restoration of its name, the state has agreed to consider the arrangement uniformly.
After chatting for a while, Yu Fengzhi turned the topic to Zhang Xueliang again.
Yu Fengzhi said: "Han Qing is a good person, very enthusiastic and generous, extremely full of sense of justice, and has never lived up to others in his life." Our husband and wife relationship has always been very good. ”
Yu Fengzhi told Guo Weicheng that after the Xi'an Incident, Zhang Xueliang was imprisoned by Chiang Kai-shek. She accompanied her from Xikou to Jiangxi, Hunan and other places, Zhang Xueliang's life was not free, and his spirit was very painful.
Later, because Yu Fengzhi was not in good health, Zhao Qixia replaced her. Fast forward 50 years have passed, Miss Zhao Si is not easy, and has made great contributions to the Zhang family!
Wedding photo of Zhang Xueliang and Yu Fengzhi
Yu Fengzhi pointed to two photos on the table and said that she and Zhang Xueliang often corresponded. This photo was sent by him recently.
Looking at Zhang Xueliang's photo, Yu Fengzhi said affectionately: "I unconditionally support Han Qing's affairs, as long as it is good for Han Qing, if I die, I will die!" ”
Yu Fengzhi also said that in order to realize the wish of being born in different beds and dying in the same cave, she has bought a cemetery for herself and Zhang Xueliang at the Rose Xuan Cemetery in Los Angeles.
After a few more homely conversations, the time had reached ten o'clock in the evening.
When Guo Weicheng and the others were preparing to bid farewell, Yu Fengzhi and Guo Weicheng shook hands cordially and hugged Yan Mingguang and Guo Mei to say goodbye.
Looking at the old and frail Yu Fengzhi, Guo Weicheng's heart was full of mixed feelings.
Yu Fengzhi
When parting, Guo Weicheng said that he hoped to meet in Beijing, and Yu Fengzhi listened to tears.
On March 10, 1991, Zhang Xueliang finally gained his freedom, ended his secluded life in Taiwan, and set off for the United States to visit his relatives.
Unfortunately, Yu Fengzhi had died a year ago and could no longer fulfill her wish.
On this trip to the United States, Zhang Xueliang personally sent an invitation to invite Guo Weicheng, Yan Mingfu, Wan Guoquan, and other descendants of the elders of northeast China to the United States to participate in the birthday celebration activities. But for various reasons, his wish was not fulfilled.
In 1994, Guo Weicheng was 82 years old. However, he still remembered the old people and asked his wife Hou Huisheng to help him put on his suit and go to visit.
On a sleepless night, Guo Weicheng's mouth silently chanted:
"Lugo is in a difficult situation to return to the streamer... The young secretary's sideburns are also frosted... Among the thousands of Northeast sergeants... There are thousands of tears in the dream..."
On January 1, 1995, Guo Weicheng died of illness in Beijing at the age of 83.
Guo Weicheng has made outstanding contributions to the creation and construction of the People's Railway Corps and the development of China's railway industry. He supported the line, principles and policies since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. He has a decent ideological style, is arduous and simple, is honest and honest in performing official duties, does not seek selfish interests, has a democratic style of work, maintains ties with the masses, and maintains the fine traditions of our party and our army.
Photo by Chairman Mao and Guo Weicheng
Guo Weicheng's glorious deeds will be forever recorded in the annals of history, and his spirit of selfless dedication is worth remembering forever!