Pictured| Lieutenant General Zeng Zesheng
preface
During the War of Liberation, more than 1 million Kuomintang troops revolted into the embrace of the people, and the uprising of these units disintegrated the military foundation on which Chiang Kai-shek relied and greatly accelerated the process of national liberation.
These units were also integrated into plastered PLA units and incorporated into the PLA's combat sequence. Since the founding of New China, there have been many military reforms, not to mention these Kuomintang army units, and even the Ace Units of the People's Liberation Army that have made outstanding military achievements have been abolished, but there is a heroic unit with the background of the Kuomintang Army's uprising troops that have not been abolished, and the predecessor of this unit is the 60th Army of the Dian Army.
First, the strength of the country
The 60th Army of the Dian Army is a unit with a long history, which has participated in many historical events such as the Xinhai Revolution and the Patriotic Movement, and has emerged many great revolutionaries such as Cai Yi and Zhu De, which has a special significance in China's modern history.
Pictured| Wang Longyun, Yunnan
On August 9, 1937, at the Nanjing National Defense Mobilization Conference held by Chiang Kai-shek, Wang Longyun of Yunnan took the initiative to ask for help, and Chiang Kai-shek awarded the Yunnan troops the title of "Sixtieth Army of the National Revolutionary Army".
After Long Yun returned to Yunnan, he immediately formed a total of six brigades of the local regular army into a conscription anti-war force, that is, the famous 60th Army of the Dian Army.
The Sixty Army has 3 divisions under its jurisdiction, namely the 182nd Division, the 183rd Division and the 184th Division, and 3 divisions have 6 brigades and 12 regiments, with a total of more than 40,000 officers and men. Among them, there are 24,000 Yi soldiers, accounting for 60% of the total soldiers. Most of the platoon and squad leaders in the 60th Army are veterans who have been trained for more than 3 years, and they all have relatively rich experience in actual combat; while most of the officers at and above the company level are born in the Yunnan Army's Lecture Hall, and they are all soldiers with deep seniority and strong ability, and they have fought for many years and have certain combat command capabilities.
In order to encourage the Yunnan troops to fight, Chiang Kai-shek replenished 800 pistols and 20 vehicles for this unit, and expanded the engineering, reinforcement, and communications units directly under the military division and the rear hospital, and enriched the field hospital. After the 60th Army of the Dian Army left Yunnan, Chiang Kai-shek saw that this unit was well-equipped and strictly disciplined, and in order to encourage the enthusiasm of the people of the whole country for the War of Resistance, he sent this unit to Wuhan for a military parade.
Pictured| Long Yun and Chiang Kai-shek
One morning shortly after the Spring Festival in 1938, the citizens of Wuchang and Hankou saw a large army on the main road.
The Chinese army was dressed in a markedly different outfit than the others, wearing French Adrian helmets, white cloth leggings, leather shoes on their feet, shoulders and imported weapons, and tens of thousands of horses and horses marching neatly through the streets of the city
This unit is the 60th Army of the Yunnan Army, which is known as the "strong brigade of the country".
Lu Han, the commander of the 60th Army, was not satisfied with being an honor guard, and repeatedly requested to fight on the front line, and finally obtained permission and was assigned to Li Zongren's Fifth Theater of Operations. On April 18, 1938, the 60th Army of the Dian Army got off at Taierzhuang South Station (Cheyuanshan) by train and drove directly to the Puwang and Xingjialou (now Xinglou) areas east of Taierzhuang on the east bank of the canal to prepare to take over the defense of Tang Enbo's 20th Army and Yu Xuezhong's 3rd Army.
After arriving at the designated area, due to Tang Enbo, Yu Xuezhong withdrew in advance without greeting, resulting in more than 4,000 Japanese companies carrying tanks, artillery taking advantage of the void, and the 1081st Regiment of the 60th Army, which was at the forefront, was ambushed by the Japanese army, and the losses were very heavy. However, the 60th Army also quickly eased up and built a defensive line on the line of Yuwang Mountain.
Pictured| French Adrian helmet
The Battle of Yuwangshan was the main battlefield of the second phase of the Battle of Xuzhou, and whether the 60th Army could defend Yuwangshan was related to the safety of the 600,000 nationalist troops in the Fifth Theater.
The 60th Army and the two divisions of the Japanese Army fought bloodily for 27 days, annihilating 12,000 enemy troops, but the sons of the Dian Army also paid great sacrifices, with more than 20,000 casualties, including nearly 14,000 killed
Major General Chen Zhongshu, regimental commander Yan Jiaxun, Dong Wenying, Mo Zhaoheng, Long Jie, Chen Jieru, deputy regimental commander Huang Yunlong and other generals all died.
II. "Bear 60"
After the end of the War of Resistance, the 60th Army was sent to Vietnam to be surrendered, and then sent to the northeast to fight the civil war. Because it is a local unit, the 60th Army is ostracized everywhere on the northeast battlefield and acts as cannon fodder for the Central Army, and the officers and men of the 60th Army are far away from home, have no intention of fighting, and have low combat effectiveness.
It was called "Bear 60" by the generals within the Nationalist Army.
Figure | equipment of the Dian Army
In 1946, Pan Shuoduan, commander of the 184th Division of the 60th Army, led an uprising. In 1948, Zeng Zesheng, commander of the 60th Army, led a full-scale uprising, which was the only Kuomintang army unit that revolted during the Liberation War. After the uprising of the 60th Army, it was reorganized into the 50th Army of Siye, and the commander was still Zeng Zesheng.
Xu Wenlie, director of the Political Department of The Northeast Military and Political University, was transferred to the 50th Army to serve as a political commissar.
When the 60th Army was first reorganized into the Siye 50th Army, the officers and men of the unit had great ideological fluctuations, their discipline was scattered, their combat effectiveness, and their weapons and equipment were very poor; more importantly, many officers and men of the 50th Army still maintained the warlord style within the Kuomintang army, robbing the common people, and causing a very bad impact on the image of the Platon Army.
After Xu Wenlie served as the political commissar of the 50th Army, he immediately carried out ideological rectification of the whole army, and transferred 2,490 cadres and soldiers above the class level from the whole army to the Northeast Military and Political University and the Mudanjiang Teaching Regiment for study and transformation, and transferred some backbone forces from other armies to strengthen the military and political quality of the 50th Army. In particular, after the two stages of the "accusation" and "complaint" movements, the class consciousness of the officers and men of the 50 bureaus has been fundamentally enhanced, and the "three major disciplines and eight policies" have firmly taken root in the hearts of the vast number of soldiers.
Pictured| the 60th Army against the Japanese
On June 14, 1949, after the completion of the reorganization, the 50th Army was ordered to enter Shanhaiguan and go south, and then participated in the Battle of Western Hubei and the Battle of Chengdu. In February 1950, the 50th Army returned to the fourth field army structure, and returned to Shashi and Zhongxiang in Hubei to participate in agricultural production and construction of the Han River levee project, and suppress bandits.
III. "Murder 60"
In late September 1950, due to the sharp change in the situation on the Korean Peninsula, the Central Military Commission ordered the 50th Army to urgently go to the northeast.
Dial to newly established
"Northeast Frontier Army"
Construction. After receiving the order, Zeng Zesheng, commander of the 50th Army, and Xu Wenlie, political commissar, urgently gathered together the troops scattered in Hubei and other places to carry out tasks such as water conservancy, production, and suppression of bandits, and marched northeast.
Pictured| volunteers rushed to the Korean battlefield
After the 50th Army arrived in the northeast, according to the direct orders of the Northeast Military Region, it did not participate in the war that year, but reorganized into an artillery unit. On October 24, Xu Wenlie, political commissar of the 50th Army
receive
Northeast Military District
commissar
High post
The 50th Army was ordered to immediately restore its original equipment and immediately take the train that had been sent to the border between China and North Korea. As a result, the first train had just arrived in Ji'an, and the 50th Army received orders from its superiors:
Immediately cross the river and participate in the first battle.
It is
Without maps, without translations, without combat mobilization, without all supplies, the 50th Army hurried to the Korean Peninsula. On the Korean battlefield, the first battle had just ended. However, in the second battle, the 50th Army did not perform well, and all three divisions were emptied. The morale of the 50th Army also fell to the bottom, and Xu Wenlie, political commissar of the 50th Army, once again carried out ideological rectification of the troops, raising the morale of the vast number of officers and men.
In the third campaign, a battalion of the 149th Division of the 50th Army,
In the area south of Gaoyang, the British Royal Tank Battalion was completely annihilated, and 31 tanks were captured and destroyed.
Li Guanglu, deputy squad leader of the machine gun squad of the 5th Company of the 446th Regiment of the 149th Division, and the soldiers of the 4th Company blew up three tanks respectively in this battle.
The 50th Army pursued and fought fiercely, and a division of the 39th Army took the lead in entering Seoul.
Tu | Volunteers escort south Korean prisoners
The fourth battle was the most difficult time for the Volunteer Army, but it was also the peak moment of the 50th Army of the Volunteer Army. In the fourth campaign, in accordance with Peng Dehuai's deployment of "putting the west top to the east," our army deployed only the 50th Army and the 112th Division of the 38th Army on the first line of the western front, blocking the enemy's main offensive group with a small number of troops of 4 divisions, buying time, covering the rest, replenishment, and assembly of the main force of our army, and on the eastern front, first luring the enemy to go deeper, and then carrying out a campaign counterattack.
The 50th Army, deployed on the Western Front, had to face the enemy
The U.S. 1st Army, the strongest of the five operational groups on the front line, has a very important task. But the 50th Army lacked food and ammunition.
In order to ensure the rations of the front-line combat detachments, the political organs offered to eat only two meals a day, one porridge in the morning, and to transport the wounded in the evening, and to carry stretchers to travel fifty or sixty miles, so they ate dry meals.
After the U.S. army learned that there were Kuomintang rebel troops on the opposite side, it gathered heavy troops to attack the positions of the 50th Army, but the positions of the 50th Army were still as stable as Mount Tai. The US military was anxious to find some secret agents from Taiwan, took the roster of the officers and men of the former 60th Army, shouted the names of the officers and men of the 60th Army one by one, and promised a high-ranking officer Houlu, but the officers and men of the 50th Army were still unmoved.
Chiang Kai-shek in Taiwan was a little puzzled as to how his "Bear 60" had become a "Fierce 60."
Pictured| Volunteers occupy Seoul
During the 50-day blockade, 7 entire companies, 31 platoons, and 138 squads of the 50th Army were wiped out, and the blood of the soldiers of the 50th Army was spilled on both sides of the Han River.
When it entered the DPRK, the whole army was 32,000 people, and after the first, second and third battles, especially the fourth battle of the Han River, more than 10,000 casualties were paid, and only 10,023 people were reduced.
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A battlefield diary of the decisive battle against the United States and aid to Korea
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