After the Opium War, the Qing Dynasty was opened to the door, and after the Treaty of Nanking ceded Hong Kong, a series of unequal treaties followed. The Qing government bowed to the foreigners, either cutting the land or paying compensation, and really lost face. Russia, in particular, took advantage of the fact that the Qing Dynasty had lost sight of one or another, and encroached on more than 1.5 million square kilometers of land in the Great Qing Dynasty.
However, after the October Revolution, when Soviet Russia established the first socialist state, Lenin went so far as to abrogate the treaties signed between successive governments and China and return the occupied Chinese territory. Moreover, Lenin published more than once in many domestic newspapers and periodicals, boldly denouncing the former Russia.
It is very strange that the whole world has never heard of the return of the territories that have been invaded, especially Russia. Not to mention the territory, it was the reparations paid by the Qing government at that time, and it was only after many years that the countries found out in their conscience that they gave up part of the reparations step by step.
So after the October Revolution, Soviet Russia promised to return Chinese territory, what is the matter?
In 1919, not long after the establishment of Soviet Russia, it issued the "Galahan Declaration", in which The Soviet Russia proposed to abolish all unequal treaties imposed by Tsarist Russia on the Chinese people, and leases were no longer needed, Gengzi reparations were also not needed, and the privileges of the Middle East Road were also not wanted.
However, a year later, the Second Declaration on China was issued, most of which were no different from the first, but the issue of the Middle East Road changed, from gratuitous return to redemption.
By the third time, Galahan had come to China to negotiate, and the last time a statement was made during the period, but this statement was meaningless, after all, people in China, the actual negotiations are more real and important.
But we can see some hints from these three declarations, the first time very enthusiastic, but then tended to be cold, and even finally did not admit it.
Why was Soviet Russia willing to give up Tsarist Russia's occupation of China's territory? There are two main reasons.
When Soviet Russia was founded, the First World War was not over. In order to withdraw from the First World War, Soviet Russia suffered a lot of losses. Of course, after all, Soviet Russia was the first such country, which made other countries full of hostility, and there were still White armies in the country who were still resisting. Thus the Soviet Union faced enormous pressure. Soviet Russia, headed by Lenin, had to break the blockade and establish diplomatic relations with all countries.
Of course, there is another reason, that is, after all, Soviet Russia is a socialist country, the Bolsheviks have lofty revolutionary ideals, although they have overthrown Russian rule at home, but Russia's previous invasion of China's territory is still natural.
The Soviet Union announced that it would return its territory, which made the Chinese people boil, and the Chinese people had an inexplicable good feeling for this suddenly born red country. But in fact, the declaration has no legal effect. If those territories were to be recovered, treaties would also need to be signed.
At that time, China was in the period of the Beiyang government, and civil unrest occurred frequently. None of the warlords obeyed anyone, and there was a small dozen in three days and a big fight in five days. However, Beiyang's statement towards Soviet Russia was still positive. After all, the recovery of these territories is also the responsibility of the Beiyang government.
After that, the two countries formally signed the "Agreement on the Outline of the Settlement of Outstanding Cases between China and the Soviet Union," which was very well said, but basically did not realize it except for the establishment of diplomatic relations.
As for why these territories did not return, many people think that Lenin hastily passed away and left in a bit of a hurry, but Stalin did not approve of this, and the matter was delayed.
But in fact, this is not the case at all, and from another point of view, it is just our wishful thinking.
Lenin did this in order to propagate communism and to win over all the means by which forces could be drawn together. In the Brest Treaty, Lenin also ceded more than one million square kilometers of land. But after the regime was secured, he turned his head and stopped admitting it.
The Sino-Soviet Agreement stipulates that Outer Mongolia belongs to Chinese territory and that Soviet troops should withdraw. But in fact, at the same time as the first declaration on China, The Soviet Union also issued a statement to Mongolia, saying that Outer Mongolia is an independent country and asking for diplomatic relations with it. The Soviet army not only did not withdraw, but also always supported the independence movement in Outer Mongolia, and even signed the "Soviet-Mongolian Reconciliation Treaty" with Outer Mongolia.
There is also the question of the Middle East railway, which was all done during Lenin's time, and it can be seen that this is not sincere. Even if he didn't die early, he couldn't count on it.
Just as the so-called weak countries have no diplomacy, if they want to recover the lost territory, I am afraid that they will have to rely on national strength, and as for the statement of Soviet Russia at that time, we do not have to take it seriously.