In 1547, Grand Duke Ivan IV of Moscow was crowned Tsar, the Kremlin was built, the Grand Duchy of Moscow was freed from the rule of the Mongol Tatars, Russia became an independent country, Russia inherited the strong expansion and desire of the Mongolian Golden Horde, opened a road of expansion, in the 17th century, Russia crossed the Eurasian border Ural Mountains, began to invade northwestern Libya, the heyday of Russia from the Arctic Ocean in the north, the South to the Black Sea, the West from the Baltic Sea, east to Alaska, With an area of about 22.8 million square kilometers and a population of 125.6 million people, the Russian Empire forced the Chinese government to sign a series of unequal treaties from the 17th to the middle of the 20th century, which cost China more than 8 million square kilometers of territory:
01
In 1689, Russia and the Qing Dynasty signed the Treaty of Nebuchu, and China lost about 5 million square kilometers of land north of the Waixing'an Ridge and east of the Lena River, such as the Far East and West North Lia and the Kamchatka Peninsula, and China lost the outlet of the Arctic Ocean;
02
In 1727, China and Russia signed the Treaty of Kyakhta, and about 100,000 square kilometers of land south and southwest of Lake Baikal were ceded to Russia, and Lake Baikal (known as the North Sea in ancient times) has since lost contact with China;
03
In 1840, The kazakh state, which was originally a subordinate state of Our Country, was invaded and merged by Tsarist Russia, and the area of the state was about one million square kilometers. Originally a part of our state of Brut, the area of about 100,000 square kilometers of Chinese territory was annexed by Tsarist Russia;
04
In 1853, the Russian Empire entered the Balkans in the south, the road to open the Indian Ocean was blocked, the Crimean War broke out, Russia was defeated, the strategy turned to the Far East, and Tsarist Russia began a series of occupations of Chinese territory;
05
In 1858, Tsarist Russia and the Manchu General Yishan of Heilongjiang signed the Treaty of Yaohun (present-day Heihe, Heilongjiang Province) on May 28, 1858, ceding about 600,000 square kilometers of Chinese territory north of the Heilongjiang River and south of the Waixing'an Mountains (i.e., the outer northeast) to Russia, which was the most unequal treaty in China's modern history
06
In 1860, China and Russia signed the Treaty of Beijing, which confirmed the legitimacy of the Treaty of Yaohun and ceded about 400,000 square kilometers of territory east of the Ussuri River (including Sakhalin Island) in Heilongjiang Province, china lost the mouth of the Tumen River, and Jilin Province became an inland province;
07
In 1864, in the Sino-Russian "Survey and Division of the Northwest Boundary Covenant", China ceded about 430,000 square kilometers of northwest China's territory from the beginning of Shatian Dabaha to the end of the Onion Ridge, and China lost the outer northwest and Lake Balkhash;
08
In 1881, the Sino-Russian Treaty of Ili and the next five boundary demarcation protocols ceded more than 70,000 square kilometers of land in Ili and the Pamir region;
09
In 1895, Tsarist Nicholas II proposed the Yellow Russia Plan, "a plan proposed by the Russian Empire in the late 19th century and early 20th century to divide China, with the intention of turning the north of the Great Wall into "Yellow Russia" during the frenzy of the great powers dividing Up China.
10
In 1900, Russia sent troops to invade and occupy the Sixty-Four Tuns in Jiangdong north of the Heilongjiang River, and created the appalling Massacre of Hailanpao and Jiangdong Sixty-four Tuns, and after the Treaty of Yaohun, this territory reserved for China and painstakingly reclaimed by the Chinese people was occupied by Tsarist Russia;
11. Beginning in 1900, Tsarist Russia sent troops to occupy northeast China, the Qing government was unable to fight back, taking advantage of its contradictions among the great powers, the russo-Japanese War broke out in 1904, also known as World War Zero, the defeat of Tsarist Russia, the Pacific Fleet and the Baltic Fleet were completely destroyed, and the expansion momentum of Tsarist Russia was temporarily contained;
12. In 1921, the Soviet Union instigated the independence of the Tangnu Uliang Sea from China, and in 1944 it officially invaded and merged the Tangnu Uliang Sea and renamed it the Tuvasu Autonomous Republic, with a total area of about 170,000 square kilometers.
13
In 1945 (the 34th year of the Republic of China), the Russian Emperor threatened Britain and the United States to conclude the Yalta Agreement, and in October of the same year, Outer Mongolia held a so-called referendum (the Soviet army also participated in the vote).