"Ancient Innocence": Secondly, there are saints, who are in harmony with heaven and earth, from the principle of the eight winds, suitable for lust between the world, no hatred, and do not want to leave the world... With self-sufficiency as the work, the form is not bad, the spirit is not scattered, and it can also be counted in hundreds. Sage is a special term in traditional Chinese culture, and it is very difficult to become a saint.
Di Xin once said: I have heard that the heart of a saint has seven tricks. Bigan was dug up in the heart, and the "Lü's Spring and Autumn Reason" records you: Kill Bigan and look at his heart, and feel uncomfortable. Confucius heard that his tricks are better than dry and immortal. Saints mainly refer to those who are "fully virtuous", who want to be "the most good" and "the most beautiful".
However, later, the hundreds of families arose, and various religions and schools also recognized themselves as saints, such as the martial saints of later generations, the saints of tea, the saints of swords, the saints of books, the saints of soldiers, etc., they were all people who had achieved success in a certain field, but they could only be called "saints" and could not meet the standard of "saints", and history was recognized as only 5 and a half saints.
The most well-known is Confucius, he is a Confucian sage, he was known as the "Saint of Heaven" when he was alive, according to legend, there were three thousand disciples of Confucius, of which seventy-two were sages, after the death of Confucius, his disciples recorded confucius's words and deeds and compiled them into the Confucian classic "Analects".
When the Sons and Hundred Families were in power, the Qin Dynasty used the Law to rule the world, and in the early Han Dynasty, the Huang Laozhi Technique was implemented to rule the country with "Nothing", and Emperor Wu of han reused Dong Zhongshu to "depose the Hundred Families and table the Six Classics", thus determining the status of Confucius. Confucius's thought is a collection of ancient cultures, which not only influenced China for more than two thousand years, but also had an international impact.
The American poet and philosopher Emerson believed: "Confucius is the glory of all the peoples of the world." The British historian and philosopher Dr. Toynbee said that the only thing that saved human society in the twenty-first century was Chinese Confucianism and Mahayana Buddhism.
The Taoist sage is Lao Tzu, Lao Tzu is revered as the Daozu in Taoism, and the book "Lao Tzu" was renamed "Tao Te Ching", Lao Tzu's students were developed by Zhuang Zhou, Lao Tzu is more revered as "holy" than Confucius, whether it is the birth of Lao Tzu or the death of Lao Tzu with mysterious colors.
Lao Tzu: The Tao gives birth to one, one life to two, two to three, and three to all things. Became the origin of Taoism, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the old man and Daocheng merged into one, regarded Lao Tzu as a god, The Han Huan Emperor regarded Lao Tzu as the ancestor of the Immortal Dao, during the Li Tang Dynasty, Taoism became the state religion, Lao Tzu was named the Taishang Xuanyuan Emperor, and the Song Dynasty added the title of Taishang Laojun Mixed Yuan Shangde Emperor.
Confucianism also has a saint, "Yuan Sheng", he zhou wu wang ji fa younger brother, zhou gongdan, he twice assisted the king of Zhou Wu dong fa lu wang, because he caiyi in Zhou, the knight is the shanggong, so called zhou gong, zhou duke regency for seven years, put forward all aspects of the fundamental system, improve the patriarchal law, divided the feudal system, the first son inheritance system and the well field system, but also the pioneer and founder of Confucianism.
The merits of Zhou Gong's life are summarized in the "Shang Shu Da Biography" as follows: one year to save the chaos, two years to overcome Yin, three years to practice death, four years to build Hou Wei, five years to camp into Zhou, six years to make liturgical music, and seven years to become a king.
The sage of the Mo family is Dayu, who is the leader of the Xia Hou clan, the legend is the great-grandson of Emperor Huan, the sixth generation of the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan clan, Dayu Zhishui has meritorious service, Shun gave up the emperor's throne to him, in order to consolidate the Xia Dynasty, the whole country was divided into nine states, casting jiuding, but also symbolizes the unification of the world of Kyushu.
This fifth sage is Wang Yangming, a famous thinker, a literary scholar and military scholar of the Ming Dynasty, a master of Lu Wang's xinxue, proficient in Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, although he is not as good as the previous four sages in merit, he is a master of the collection of xinxue, and his academic thought has also influenced the surrounding countries.
Wang Yangming, along with Confucius, Mencius, and Zhu Xi (the masters of the science collection), was called Kong, Meng, Zhu, and Wang, and was added as a new marquis during the Qianlong period. 谥文成, so posterity also known as Wang Wencheng Gong.
The five saints are recognized by all dynasties, and this last half of the controversy is constant, he is the minister Zeng Guofan, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang, Zhang Zhidong and called the "four famous ministers of the late Qing Dynasty", Zeng Guofan was born in a landlord family, entered a private school at the age of 6, could read four books at the age of 8, and entered the Daoguang Eighteenth Year (1838) in the middle of the jinshi, entered the Hanlin Academy, and was a military minister Mu Zhang'amensheng.
Zeng Guofan was appointed as the Governor of Liangjiang, the Viceroy of Zhili, and a scholar of Wuyingdian University, and was given the title of Marquis of Yiyong of the First Rank, and Wenzheng (谥曰文正). It is said that when Zeng Guofan was born, his grandfather dreamed of a giant python wrapped around the pillar of his family, so he thought that Zeng Guofan was the reincarnation of a giant python, and it happened that Zeng Guofan also had a disease such as "psoriasis".
Throughout his life, Zeng Guofan took patience as the first priority in his administration, advocating that everything should be diligent and thrifty, he cultivated himself and disciplined himself, sought officials with virtue, and put etiquette first; during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom period, Zeng Guofan formed the Xiang Army to turn the tide, and during the period of the Foreign Affairs Movement, he built China's first steamship, established the first military engineering school, printed the first batch of Western books, and arranged the first batch of students to study in the United States.
Zeng Guofan's demeanor, character, and personal cultivation were rarely matched in the late Qing Dynasty, and he was perhaps the most admired and greatest scholar-type official in nineteenth-century China. But despite his achievements, there are still many people in later generations who criticize him, and he is in the 19th century. Late Qing Dynasty.
In modern history, the late Qing Dynasty has always been a dark history that is difficult to uncover