preface
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the imperialist forces still have a tiger's eye on our country and always want to strangle the newborn people's power in the cradle.
More than 70 years ago, in order to crush the imperialist attempt to destroy China, a group of "lovely people" left their hometown and rushed to the Korean battlefield. The most famous local war after World War II, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, was launched.
Many heroes emerged on the battlefield of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, including Huang Jiguang and Qiu Shaoyun, who are familiar to everyone. In order to complete the mission of blocking the enemy, Huang Jiguang was burned alive by the fire and did not move, and Qiu Shaoyun resolutely raised the explosive package and died with the enemy. In addition to them, in the Campaign to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, there are many more heroes who deserve our songs and tears -- Yang Gensi and Zhou Quandi.
The "Ice Sculpture Company" born in the Battle of Chosin Lake
To understand the heroic achievements of these heroes on the battlefield, we must first understand the extremely memorable battle in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea -- the Battle of Chosin Lake.
The Battle of Chosin Lake took place on November 27, 1950, and the weather was extremely cold for Korea at that time. Even more brutal, North Korea suffered a chill not seen in 50 years, and the temperature near the Chosin Lake area dropped to a staggering minus 40 degrees Celsius.
For such a cold weather, many people have no concept, when a survivor of the battle in the Chosin Lake area Liu Boqing described to reporters: the volunteer soldiers' bodies were frozen hard, noses and ears were simply touched. The sweltering cold had frozen the volunteers to the point where they were barely conscious.
The units participating in the Chosin Lake operation were the 9th Corps, the 26th and 27th Corps of our army, respectively. Among them, the 9th Corps was all from the south, and they had been training in Shanghai for a long time without knowing what the cold was. After the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea began, this unit entered Korea without preparing winter clothes. At that time, the hero of the Ice Sculpture Company, Zhou Quandi, was in the Ninth 9ThIr regiment.
At that time, three corps were ordered to the Chosin Lake area to block the retreat of american troops, as one of the coldest areas in North Korea, the average altitude of Chosin Lake was about 1300 meters, and the area was covered with dense forest, and the mountain road was extremely rugged and difficult to walk. In December 1950, the U.S. army and the United Nations army, which were defeated in the second battle of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, fled from the towns of Qingjin and Huishan to the Xianxing area. In order to avoid the eyeline of the US army and successfully reach the designated location to complete the ambush mission, more than 100,000 soldiers of the 9th Corps of the Volunteer Army braved the severe cold and stepped on the thick snow to cross the mountains and mountains on foot to reach the only road for the US army.
At that time, the 5th Company of the 242nd Regiment of the 81st Division of the Volunteer Army set up an ambush at the 1081 heights of Huangcaoling on the way to the retreat of the American army. When the volunteers marched to the rear of the American army, the cold in the Chosin Lake area was more terrible than the bullets and shells of the American army, and some of the soldiers of our army had swollen feet during the interspersing process, and their shoes had long disappeared in the running, and they could only run barefoot in the snow. Some of the soldiers were cold and hungry, and without food, they grabbed the cold snow on the ground and swallowed it into their stomachs, and then they entered the designated place to ambush.
At that time, Zhou Quandi also participated in this battle, he and his comrades were ordered to lie in the snow for three days and three nights, they had no logistical supplies, only a thin layer of single clothes, they waited hard for the arrival of the American troops, when the American army and the United Nations army arrived at the Yellow Grass Ridge Heights, a scene that made them incomprehensible appeared: these American troops did not encounter the slightest obstacle in the process of retreating, and the excessively abnormal tranquility made the suspicious American troops more frightened. U.S. commanders ordered his Marines to maintain a high degree of vigilance at every step of the way.
When the U.S. military carefully climbed to the top of the mountain, the scene in front of them completely shocked the U.S. military. According to an American military reporter at the time, I saw a long trench of Chinese soldiers covered in snow, lying closely on the position, all in the same posture - holding guns and preparing for battle, all pointing to the path of the Marines below. Many of the volunteers were wearing single clothes and straw shoes. Their faces were covered with thick ice and snow, which had condensed into frost, and everyone had dense ice hanging from their eyebrows and beards.
Originally, after the officers and men of the 5th Company of the 242nd Regiment of the 81st Division of the Volunteer Army arrived at the heights, they ambushed in advance in a battle formation according to the orders of their superiors. However, during their long wait, the American and Un troops did not appear for a long time, and in the face of the bitter cold weather, none of the volunteers withdrew from their positions, and as time passed, they eventually froze to death in simple bunkers. At that time, the survivors only had one soldier of the unit and the messenger who delivered the order, and this survivor was Zhou Quandi.
For the sake of victory in battle, these lovely volunteer soldiers would rather be frozen alive, and they will never take a step out of the battle position. From their frozen posture, we can see the majestic and neat fighting posture of the volunteer army, they have a will of steel, and they do not waver in their determination to fight for any hardships and hardships. After the battle, the unit was also known as the Ice Sculpture Company.
In the eyes of the US military, the low temperature of more than 40 degrees below zero on Chosin Lake, it is impossible to fight an ambush battle without moving, and this behavior is completely beyond the limits of the human body. Even if there is an ambush, it will freeze into an ice sculpture. But the will of the Chinese volunteers was far beyond the enemy's thinking.
After the battle, the comrades found Zhou Quandi, who still had one breath left in the ice sculpture company, in the snow, he was hailed as the last surviving hero of the ice sculpture company, in order to save his life, the soldiers rushed him to the rear hospital for treatment.
Before leaving, Zhou Quandi looked at the comrades frozen into ice sculptures in front of him, he couldn't help but cry loudly, he shouted the names of his comrades, it was a pity that the former comrades could never hear his cries, and they also stayed in Chosin Lake forever.
After the treatment of the rear hospital, although Zhou Quandi's life was saved, his limbs were completely frozen in the long-term low temperature, and the doctor had no choice but to amputate all his limbs. But his limbs had to be amputated due to severe frostbite, and he was only 17 years old at the time, and in the Battle of Chosin Lake, there were many soldiers like Zhou Quandi who were frostbitten.
While cleaning up the battlefield, the volunteer soldiers found a precious photograph of the volunteer soldiers who had been frozen into ice sculptures, and behind this photo was the hero's last words: "I love my relatives and the motherland!" Love my honor even more! I am a glorious volunteer soldier! Ice and snow! I will never submit to you, even if I freeze to death, I will stand proudly on my position! - Song Amao, a volunteer soldier. ”
In order to understand the specific cause of death of the ice sculpture company, our army also sent a staff officer to the Dead Eagle Ridge Highland to investigate the cause: It turned out that "125 soldiers of the 6 Company, each of them wearing only a thin uniform, although the weather was very cold, in the face of iron discipline, in order to complete the task of ambushing the enemy, they always carried guns and lay motionless in the trenches."
Before the sacrifice, they also maintained a fighting posture, which is the steel ice sculpture company in the volunteer army. After the battle, the 6th Company of the 177th Regiment of the 59th Division of the 20th Army, the 2nd Company of the 180th Regiment of the 60th Division, and the 5th Company of the 242nd Regiment of the 80th Division of the 27th Army were hailed as the most admired "ice sculpture companies" in the volunteer army.
Yang Gensilian Spirit: Three do not believe
In the battle in the Chosin Lake area, in addition to the hero of the ice sculpture company, Zhou Quandi, there is also a hero who can sing and cry- Yang Gensi.
Born poor from a young age, he developed a jealous and hateful personality, and with the revolution of the Red Army, Yang Gensi joined the New Fourth Army by chance, and began his military career from then on. In June 1945, Yang Gensi led the New Fourth Army in a fierce battle with the Kuomintang reactionaries. Due to his courageous performance in battle, after the battle he was rated as a model of regimental combat. In 1946, he was awarded the title of Combat Hero for the first time in the battle against the Tai'an Catholic Church.
After the Campaign to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea began, Yang Gensi, who could not stay idle, took the initiative to ask to enter the DPRK to fight. On November 25, 1950, Yang Gensi led his troops to the Chosin Lake area, and he was ordered by his superiors to hold the small high ridge of the southeast barrier of the 1071.1 highland outside the 1071.1 highlands of The lower Kigaru-ri in Chosin County.
On November 28, Yang Gensi was ordered to hold the small high ridge southeast of the southeast barrier of the "1071 Highlands" on the outer commanding heights of Hagaru-ri in Chogyung-ri, South Hamgyong Province, and he led his troops to cut off the southward escape route of the American army according to the orders of his superiors. On November 29, the U.S. 1st Marine Division, known as the "Ace Army," began to attack Little High Ridge, with strong U.S. firepower and air support in the sky. The U.S. military destroyed most of the fortifications in a short period of time. In the face of such fierce artillery fire, Yang Gensi, who had been thinking twice, decided to avoid his sharp edge.
After some maneuvering, Yang Gensi repelled the first attack of the US army, the US army did not want to show weakness, and then took advantage of the air and ground artillery fire to launch a second fierce shelling of the position that Yang Gensi held, and Yang Gensi once again used the same tactics to repel the US army. In this battle, Yang Gensi led the whole platoon to repel a total of 8 American attacks.
At this time, Yang Gensheng's team only had less than 10 people left. When the U.S. army launched the 9th offensive, in order to make the U.S. army pay the price of blood, Yang Gensi held the idea of the same death, he picked up the last bag of explosives, rushed to the U.S. army, and finally Yang Gensi and climbed to the position of more than 40 U.S. troops, the combat hero who died at Chosin Lake was only 28 years old.
After the battle, on May 9, 1952, the martyr Yang Gensi received the highest honor commendation of our army, and the top leader of the volunteer army posthumously remembered Yang Gensi and other meritorious deeds, and at the same time awarded him the title of "special hero", and the company to which Yang Gensi was born also became the famous "Yang Gensi Company".
Yang Gensi's heroic deeds on the battlefield influenced and educated the entire volunteer army. In the subsequent counterattack on the Linqing River, a total of 38 exemplary heroes who studied Yang Gensi appeared. In the most difficult Battle of Shangganling, 68 Yang Gensi-style heroes, including Huang Jiguang and Qiu Shaoyun, appeared again.
In addition to having excellent military qualities, Yang Gensi also had three disbelief, "In the course of the battle, Yang Gensi resolutely did not believe that there were tasks that could not be completed, difficulties that could not be overcome, and enemies that could not be defeated. These "three unbeliefs" have also become a belief that has inspired our army to join the soul of iron blood from generation to generation.
On July 10, 2016, the 105-foot fighting vehicle of the "Yang Gensi Company" of our army on peacekeeping missions suddenly encountered a sneak attack by the enemy army, and the two soldiers in charge of the tank were heroically sacrificed. In the face of this sudden situation, company commander Wang Zhen urgently deployed the task, and he warned the comrades: "The enemy's conspiracy to undermine peace will not frighten us, and we will resolutely not retreat half a step!" The revolutionary spirit of the "three unbeliefs" of Yang Gensi's heroic company has forever inspired our army to advance.
The bloody battle at Chosin Lake, the truth of the casualties of both the enemy and us
As one of the most tragic battles in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the real casualties of the Battle of Chosin Lake have so far made China and the United States reluctant to mention it.
As far as the volunteer army is concerned, under the leadership of General Song Shilun, the number of troops participating in the battle has reached 150,000 people in 3 armies. In the early campaign of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the 20th And 27th Armies of the 9th Corps played an important role. As a reserve of the Ninth Corps, the 26th Army was ordered on December 4 to annihilate the 1st Marine Division, which had fled to Shimogaru-ri. Due to the shortage of equipment and logistical supplies of our army, the 26th Army did not exert a real advantage in the blows of the fleeing American troops in the case of running out of ammunition and food.
The total number of UN troops led by the US military reached more than 100,000. Among them, the United Nations army included the U.S. Army's First Division, the Third Division, and the Seventh Division. However, the distribution of troops in the three divisions of the US army is relatively scattered. The first regiment of the US 3rd Division was distributed in the Chosin Lake area, the remaining main forces were distributed in the Xianxinggang and Wonsan areas, and the 3 regiments of the US 7th Division had more than 3,200 people distributed in Xinxingli. More than 8,000 people from the three regiments of the 1st US Division were distributed in Liutanli. Judging from the data: at that time, there were only more than 18,000 US troops fighting with our army.
In the most tragic battle of Chosin Lake, the number of casualties initially revealed to the media by the US military was more than 4400, of which more than 600 were killed, more than 200 were missing, more than 3500 were disabled, and 7313 were non-combat attrition. As soon as this casualty figure was exposed, the world was in an uproar. The world simply does not believe in the deception of the US military. The United States changed the casualty situation under pressure from all sides, and the US military said that the US 1st Marine Division suffered a total of 7338 casualties, the US 7th Division suffered 2670 combat casualties, and the US 10th Army suffered more than 10500 casualties.
In terms of volunteers, our army has two theories about the specific number of wounded and disabled people in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the first is that the 3 corps of the Ninth Corps participating in Chosin Lake have a total of 30,732 frostbite wounds, 14,062 combat wounds, and a total of more than 52,000 personnel. The second was that all the combat casualties of the 9 Corps were 19,202, the number of soldiers who suffered frostbite due to severe cold was 28,954, the number of frozen deaths was 1,000, and the number of soldiers who suffered severe frostbite was 3,000.
The casualties of the 27th and 20th Armies were 19,000 and 20,000, respectively. Among them, more than 8,300 people were killed and more than 10,000 frostbitten wounded in the 27th Army, more than 4,300 people were killed and more than 2,800 were disabled, and more than 760 non-combat casualties were inflicted.
What happened to the volunteers?
It has been more than 70 years since the end of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. Heroes who have died on the battlefield for various reasons, the remains can only be left in a foreign country. With the enhancement of China's comprehensive national strength, the heroes of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea have gradually embarked on the journey of returning to China.
In 2006, china showed the world a list of the sacrifices of the volunteer army, which showed that the volunteer army had sacrificed 183108 people in the war to resist the United States and aid Korea. So far, about 180,000 martyrs of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea have been buried in the Heroes and Martyrs' Cemetery in North Korea. A very small number of unsung heroes have not been able to be buried in the martyrs' cemetery.
For huang jiguang, Qiu Shaoyun and Yang Gensi, who have made special sacrifices, how should our country deal with their remains? Locals would build crown tombs for them in their hometowns. For example, the villagers of Gensi in Taixing County, Jiangsu Province, built a heroic crown tomb for Yang Gensi to express the villagers' remembrance of this hero.
Volunteer soldiers holding their ground
As for the remains of the heroes Qiu Shaoyun and Huang Jiguang, our army underwent extremely exquisite handling when they were transported, according to the records at the time: when the remains of the "special combat hero" Huang Jiguang were transported down, they only saw his body lying flat, he still held up his powerful arms, and Huang Jiguang still maintained the heroic posture of grabbing sandbags in his hands before the sacrifice.
After the sacrifice, Huang Jiguang's chest had been blackened by the fire, and a shocking large blood hole appeared on his chest. Huang Jiguang was left unmanaged for a long time after his death, his body still maintained the state before the sacrifice, the volunteer army was very difficult in sorting out his body, it could not be put into the coffin in a short time, in order not to destroy Huang Jiguang's body, the volunteer army thought of various ways, and finally they used a hot towel to soften Huang Jiguang's body, the volunteer army put the softened arms flat, and successfully loaded the coffin for the hero after changing into a new revolutionary uniform. ”
The handling of the body of Qiu Shaoyun's special hero is more special, first of all, the volunteer army through various methods, they overcame all difficulties, and finally found Qiu Shaoyun's body. At that time, Qiu Shaoyun's body was relatively well preserved, and he was wearing a thick cotton coat. After special treatment, the comrades-in-arms transported Qiu Shaoyun's body to the playground of the 15th Army of the Dandong Qidaogou Volunteer Army. The special personnel responsible for transporting the remains were then carefully loaded into red-lacquered coffins prepared in advance, and finally the remains of the martyrs were sent to Shenyang, where they were subsequently buried in the Dandong Volunteer Army Martyrs' Cemetery.
The nightmare memories of the US military that survived the war to resist US aggression and aid Korea
The bloody battle at Chosin Lake not only cost our army dearly, but many years later, the Surviving American Troops on the battlefield are still reluctant to recall that nightmare. According to Karozentons, commander of the 57th Artillery Battalion of the 7th Division at the time, as a senior U.S. general, he fought against the Germans many times in World War II. At that time, the fierceness of the German army's battle with the American army could not be compared with the battle of Chosin Lake, and the bloody battle on Chosin Lake was still an unforgettable nightmare for him.
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea survived the memories of the US military
Senior U.S. General Alpha Bowser was also deeply touched by this battle, and he said bluntly: "At that time, the Chinese volunteers on ambush missions did not have any logistical support and communication equipment, and if they did not have these worries, the FIRST Division of the US Army would never have come out of Chosin Lake alive!" ”
More than 70 years have passed since the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and for the battle of that tragic war, many American soldiers still can't figure it out: Why are Chinese soldiers not afraid of death? Why can they win the battle against the U.S. military and the United Nations army with modern military weapons without logistical support? To this day, this is a huge mystery for them.
Although this war has left us, the heroes who sacrificed themselves on the battlefield of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea will always be remembered by future generations, and their spirit of revolutionary struggle will always be worthy of being inherited and carried forward by every chinese person.