The United States, which lost the Korean battlefield, turned its attention to Vietnam. Before launching a military operation against Vietnam, the vice president of the United States said: "MacArthur thought that China would not enter the war, but now we must carefully consider that China will really intervene!" ”
It can be seen from this that the attitude of the United States has created a strong contrast between before and after the Korean War. From the beginning of the inability to be cautious later. What kind of psychological trauma did China leave to the United States on the battlefield?
A nightmare that imprints on the heart
Without the baptism of the Korean War, the American would never have woken up from his arrogance. The heroic and fearless Chinese People's Volunteer Army on the battlefield, so that the Americans personally experienced the firm will and powerful strength from the Chinese nation! The heavy setbacks in the Korean Peninsula war have brought the Americans back to china.
MacArthur, the commander of the FAR East Army, who had a prominent record in World War II, arrogantly threatened that China would not intervene in the war he launched against Korea, and if he dared to intervene, he would launch an attack on Chinese soil.
When he led the UN forces to launch an offensive, and after the success of the "Inchon Landing" strategy, no country doubted that the victory of the UN army was imminent, and even before the battle was over, they began to prepare for the victory. But what they did not expect happened, after the United Nations army crossed the 38th Line in disdain of China's warnings, China quickly sent the People's Volunteers across the Yalu River to fight resistance.
The United Nations forces, which lost in the first confrontation, did not lose confidence in victory. They believed that the march was too hasty and did not expect the Chinese army to suddenly attack, so it was not ready for battle, and felt that China would win the victory because of luck. This does not affect the outcome of their final victory.
In the second battle, the Un Army was fully prepared. The Volunteers, with their poor weapons and equipment, severe shortage of supplies in the later period, extremely harsh climatic conditions, and no ability to control themselves, defeated the American Ace First Marine Division, and annihilated a reinforced main force of the whole structure.
Western society is in an uproar! The United Nations army killed and wounded more than 36,000 people, of which more than 24,000 were well-trained American soldiers! None of the UN forces could believe that the enemy of the war was only what the United States called "weak Asians", which they believed was that the Soviet Union had secretly mixed a foot in the middle.
In the third battle that followed, Seoul was lost and panicked by the Un troops who had fought all the way back to the 38th line. This is very different from the European and American media's propaganda that "they are indigenous people with sticks and torches", which is an organized and disciplined military force with strong combat effectiveness. Morale fell to the bottom, and a negative atmosphere quickly spread among the United Nations forces, which had lost the desire for victory.
When the United States saw that the situation was not good, it immediately dispatched General Ridgway to take over the command. He came to the front line to see that the United Nations forces here had fallen into frustration and resistance after successive routs, which was very different from what he had heard at home.
In the two more battles that followed, the United Nations army, encouraged by Ridgway's morale, picked up the gun again and joined the battlefield to launch a fierce counterattack. Under the condition of a huge disparity in weapons and equipment, the Chinese volunteers stubbornly resisted despite heavy losses but not giving in.
This has shocked the Western society once again, and the Un Military Force has also asked itself: The gap in military strength is so great that it can withstand it.
On the Korean battlefield, U.S. Commander MacArthur gradually lost his mind due to repeated setbacks by the volunteers, and even ignored the Admonition of the U.S. Government to "prohibit the spread of war to China and the Soviet Union, and arbitrarily threatened to the world that "we will use all means and even use nuclear weapons to wage war against China!" ”
This has thrown Western countries, already shocked by China's formidable military might, into a state of panic about World War III. U.S. President Harry S. Truman removed him from his post overnight and, through various efforts and operations, announced armistice negotiations.
It was the only battle in U.S. history to sign an armistice without victory, and it caused more than 390,000 casualties among U.S. troops and more than 580,000 Chinese casualties. Although the war cost of the Chinese volunteers due to the disparity in military strength is far greater than that of the US army, the strong will and belief displayed by the Chinese army are firmly imprinted on the hearts of the Americans and have become psychological wounds that cannot be healed.
MacArthur's report to the president on his return home said: "This is a new war in a new era and a new power with a strong military force. ”
My heart palpitated
The defeat of the United States in The Korean Battlefield did not dispel his desire to become a "world hegemon." Coveting its enormous interests in Asia, the United States planned another operation, this time shifting its front from the Northeast Asian peninsula to Southeast Asia. The smoke of war in Northeast Asia has not yet dissipated, and wars in Southeast Asia have begun one after another.
After the Korean campaign, the reluctant United States turned its attention to Vietnam. Vietnam is geographically directly bordering China, and taking Vietnam can not only contain China, but also avoid pressure from the Soviet Union. After the end of French colonial rule in Vietnam, there was the same north-south situation as Korea, and as the struggle heated up, there was a one-sided situation, which gave the United States an opportunity to intervene in the Vietnamese civil war. This time it seems like a repeat of the Korean War.
After the end of the Korean Peninsula War, China still had a strong garrison in Korea to prevent and suppress the counterattack of South Korea and the United States, so this time China's military assistance to Vietnam was only reflected in the supply of materials and equipment.
The newly appointed President of the United States Kennedy decided to launch a second phase of military operations against Vietnam, he believes that Sino-Soviet relations are particularly tense at this time, and they are facing each other on the border between the two countries, and the two countries should not have time to take care of Vietnam in Southeast Asia, so now it is a good time to act, and it will not be as passive as the Korean battlefield.
In response to Kennedy's idea, US Vice President Johnson said: "MacArthur thought that China would not enter the war, but now we must carefully consider that China will really intervene!" "MacArthur took the liberty of losing face to the European allies and could be in trouble again if he still believed that China would not join the fight." ”
When has the United States ever been so worried about China's actions? The United States began to be anxious at this time.
Kennedy felt that the current sino-Soviet confrontation was a great opportunity for the United States to seize the opportunity to realize that it could not miss to become an international hegemon. But if a large-scale military operation is launched against Vietnam, will China and the Soviet Union put aside the confrontation in front of them and turn the spearhead against the United States?
After analyzing it in many ways, President Kennedy felt that China and the Soviet Union should not interfere too much in this operation. The Soviet Union is now fighting for a place in Europe on the one hand, and Africa with the United States on the other. Under the increasingly tense situation between China and the Soviet Union, he did not intervene even in the Korean War. Vietnam is a country far away in Southeast Asia, and he doesn't even care about the country that borders him, so far away he must not care.
China has just liberated and founded the country and the economy is in urgent need of development, there are frequent natural disasters in the country, the north and the Soviet Union are facing each other, the relations between the west and India have begun to be tense again, and it has just experienced heavy losses in the Korean War and is facing the Taiwan issue, and it is unlikely that troops will be sent to Vietnam to provide assistance at this time.
As Kennedy had predicted, China and the Soviet Union did not intervene directly in the Vietnamese battlefield. China first denounced the United States internationally, denouncing that the United States should not arbitrarily intervene in the internal affairs of other countries many times, and organized a large number of troops at the border to establish a strong military support base for Vietnam. In the rear, China provided the Vietnamese government with weapons and equipment free of charge, saying that it "takes as much as you need."
After suffering a heavy loss in the Korean Campaign, no country in Europe wanted to experience another replica of the Peninsula Campaign, which completely deprived the United States of the help of its allies.
The final outcome of the war did not allow the United States to do so. The strong offensive of the United States did not crush Vietnam, and after years of stubborn resistance, the United States had a huge deficit in the economy and had to give up the battle and withdraw from Vietnam. The United States has a sense of powerlessness toward China, china has not sent any reinforcements to the Vietnamese front, and only relying on weapons and material assistance to Vietnam has helped the militarily weak Vietnamese government to drag down the United States.
For President Kennedy, his greatest difficulty was not dealing with the Vietnam War, but the psychological trauma that China had left on American society, and the war-weariness of American citizens spread like a plague after the Korean War and became a great resistance to him. When the Vietnam War began, resistance in the United States became more and more overwhelming, and the call for opposition to the war became louder and louder.
After the end of the Vietnam War, the United States was still eager to provoke a war in the world, but as long as it would involve China, it became cautious.
Because the United States has deeply understood one thing this time, the bridge that can never be blown up on the battlefield of Kumgang River, the thin shirt and frozen potatoes on the battlefield of Chosin Lake, the tenacious will and tenacious perseverance. A more terrifying threat than a powerful force is the boldness of the Chinese soldiers to "wear golden armor in a hundred battles in the yellow sand, and never return the Loulan without breaking the building."
The picture comes from the network, if there is infringement, contact to delete!