Text: Lonely Bamboo Dragonfly (Columnist for Reading History)
As a boy in 94, I want to resonate with most of the boys after the 80s and 90s, and I like "Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin" and "Journey to the West" since I was a child, for the simple reason that I keep buying little raccoon crisp noodles and kitto sets of Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, and Journey to the West cards, the most famous of which is the Three Kingdoms series of cards of Little Raccoon.
After that, every summer vacation, the 86th edition of "Journey to the West", the 94th edition of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and other old CCTV four famous works are the mandatory TV series that will appear in the morning time of each David TV every year.
Therefore, the classic images in the four masterpieces have long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
01
For the Three Kingdoms, what we remember is Guan Yu's loyalty, Zhang Fei's recklessness, Zhao Yun's heroic martial arts, and even the later Ma Mo was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people because of the famous knife, of course, the most special of which is zhuge Liang, the Marquis of Wu, which is simply a myth.
As for the others, Cao Cao's label is treacherous, Lü Bu is a family slave with three surnames, Yuan Shaomou, Xiahou Huan is "one eye" and the like, and the one that makes me most puzzled and worried is Zhou Yu Zhou Gongjin (hereinafter referred to as "Gongjin")!
When it comes to Gong Jin, all that comes to mind is allusions such as "both Shengyu and He Shengliang", "Three Qi Zhou Yu", "Zhou Lang's wonderful plan to secure the world, losing his wife and folding soldiers".
Even the image interpretation in the TV series "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" can be misunderstood.
The picture above is Yuan Shao during the Eighteenth Road Princes period, and the picture below is Zhou Yu in the Chibi period, both played by Teacher Hong Universe, and the two roles have a commonality in the interpretation - small belly chicken intestine.
I remember another joke that said:
Why is Zhou Yu's temperament not as good as Zhuge Liang's?
Because Zhou Yu's wife was Xiao Qiao, a beautiful woman in the top three of the era at that time, Zhuge s wife was Huang Yueying, a famous ugly woman at that time, and the endurance of a man who guarded sexy things every day, how could he compare with the men around the ugly woman?
What's more, when it comes to Chibi, it must be Zhuge Liang, especially the interpretation in the TV series, whenever you see this, you feel that most of the victories of Sun Liu's coalition forces in the Battle of Chibi are the credit of Zhuge Liang.
In addition, Huang Gai's contribution was greater than Gongjin's, Kan Ze's contribution was greater than Gongjin's, and even Zhao Yun, who did not directly participate in the war, contributed more than Gongjin, because Zhao Yun properly took back Zhuge Liang and did not let Gongjin's strategy succeed.
It seems that in the whole war, Gongjin was a little independent and self-sovereign in the matter of killing Cai Mao Zhang Yun after the Group Yinghui, and the rest was Zhuge Liang's business.
But in my impression, Gongjin should be like this:
Or something like this:
02
In this regard, Luo Guanzhong could not escape the blame.
Mr. Jin Yong commented on Luo Guanzhong's favoritism toward Shu Han, saying in a conversation with the Japanese writer Daisaku Ikeda:
Luo Guanzhong's favoritism towards Shu Han was really excessive. Luo Guanzhong, because he was from Taiyuan, Shanxi, was particularly partial to his fellow villager Shanxi Guan Gong and belittled Cao Cao, that's all, even the Eastern Wu characters were also belittled, after I was older, I often felt dissatisfied, Sun Jian, Sun Ce, Sun Quan Those people are my Zhejiang compatriots Fuyang people, I even thought of writing a "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" with Eastern Wu as the main body, the protagonists are naturally Zhou Yu and Lu Xun.
Mr. Luo Guanzhong did "maliciously exaggerate" Zhuge Liang, who played a role similar to li shiqi or Mao Sui in the Battle of Chibi, and had one of his achievements in promoting Sun Liu's alliance, but the most important thing I think is Gongjin.
I understand Mr. Luo Guanzhong's way, as a novelist, there are only two ways to amplify a certain character: "stealing beams and changing pillars", such as tongue battle group Confucianism (Gong Jin), grass boat borrowing arrows (Sun Quan), setting up a fire attack plan (Huang Gai), or "making something out of nothing", such as sacrificing the East Wind.
But Mr. Luo Guanzhong was too cruel, and elevating Zhuge did not mean that he had to belittle Zhou Lang, not to mention that Gong Jin in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms was a true Confucian general.
And the heavens were jealous of the talents, Gongjin was only 36 years old when he died, Shi Gongjin persuaded Sun Quan to use Cao Cao Chibi to defeat the west into Sichuan, echoing with Xiliang Machao, the north can be figured, but died on the way out of the expedition, failed to complete the long-cherished wish.
In the face of such a hero, who died of illness on the road, how could Luo Guanzhong be so cruel that he would be degraded again?
03
In fact, the literati, scholars, and historians, such as Gongjin in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, are really not like this.
Su Shi's famous article "Nian Nu Jiao Chibi Huaigu" is an absolute positive evaluation of Gong Jin:
In the year of Gongjin, Xiao Qiao was married for the first time and was majestic and heroic. Lupine scarf, between talk and laughter, the tree ashes disappear.
The famous section "Little Child" in the famous traditional cross-talk "Eight Fan Screen" also commented on Zhou Yu:
That Wu Zhouyu studied literature at the age of seven, learned martial arts at the age of nine, and was thirteen years old when he was the governor of the water army, commanded thousands of troops and horses, held the military power of six counties and eighty-one states, inflicted bitter meat, sacrificed serial links, sacrificed the East Wind, borrowed eagle plumes, burned warships, and made Cao Cao look at the wind and rats, and almost lost his life in Jiangnan. Although there was the help of Wolong and Fengyan, That Zhou Yu was also the leader among the children.
Of course, crosstalk is not a historical fact, and I did not think that "as a fan of Jamie (LeBron James), I must demean Zhuge Liang as well as Ke Hei (Kobe Bryant's black powder)", but I hope that through "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", I can justify the names of "Stingy Gongjin" and "Zhuge Liang's Myth", Zhou Gongjin's Confucian general, and Zhuge Liang is a generation of sages, not so all-powerful.
04
GongJin's "Confucianism" - majestic and heroic hair, lupine scarf
Confucianism reflects a person's comprehensive quality, I think there is a distinction between inside and outside, and external Confucianism is "temperament".
First of all
Yu is long and strong and has a posture.
In short, it is majestic and handsome, on the one hand, tall and strong, on the other hand, handsome, is a standard beautiful man.
secondly
From his grandfather Jing, Jing Zizhong, were all Han Taiwei. Paternal, Luoyang Order.
It can be seen that Gongjin was not only born into a family of officials and eunuchs, but also second only to Yuan Shao's "Four Dynasties and Three Dukes" (Yuan Shao's grandfather Yuan An was Emperor Zhang's Shi Situ, his great-grandfather Yuan Chang was Emperor An Shi Sikong, his grandfather Yuan Tang was Emperor Huan's Time Lieutenant, his father Yuan Feng was Emperor Xiansikong, and his uncle Yuan Kui was Emperor Xian's Situ), it can be said that he was born with a golden key.
In summary, in the area of external temperament, Gong Jin must be stable.
As for the inner Confucianism, it is "integrity", that is, "loyalty to the king and patriotism".
Many years after Gong Jin's death, his colleagues commented on him like this:
The courtiers took yu xi to see the favor, entered the heart, became a pawn, went out on a campaign, and were used as a stone, and used their lives as much as they could, and regarded death as a homecoming. Therefore, it can destroy Cao Cao in Wulin, cao ren in Yingdu, Yang Guo Weide, Huaxia is Zhen, stupid and barbaric, and Mo Bubin obeys. Although Uncle Fang of Zhou, han's letter and cloth, there is no way to be still.
The core of this praise is "exhausting the life", one of the "exhaustion" characters shows the grandeur of Gongjin's loyalty and patriotism, for the general, the attack and killing of the battle is still secondary, loyalty is very important, Han Xin and Yingbu are no better than Gongjin also attributed to this.
As for the successive lords who also had a high evaluation of Gongjin, Sun Ce did this:
Ce personally greeted Yu and awarded General Jianwei Zhonglang, that is, with 2,000 soldiers and fifty horses.
Sun Quan had this comment:
Xi Yin was young, had no merit at the beginning, was a jingbing soldier, a marquis, a gainian gongjin, and Yu Yinye.
Not only did Gongjin's heir, Zhou Yin, enjoy the treatment of "children of martyrs", but zhou Jun, a descendant of his uncles and brothers, also soared because of Gongjin's brilliance.
Yu's brother Zijun also took Yu Yuangong as a partial general and led thousands of officials.
Such appearance and integrity, of course, the situation is extraordinary, when Ren Jianwei Zhonglang was general, Gongjin was twenty-four years old, and in the same year, Gongjin married Xiao Qiao, and Sun Ce married Big Qiao.
05
Gongjin's "Ya" - rocks through the air, the waves crashing on the shore, rolling up a thousand piles of snow
In my opinion, the "ya" of Gongjin is divided into two aspects, on the one hand,
Yu Shao is obsessed with music. Although after the three lords, there was a gap. Yu will know, know must care, so the people at the time said: "There is a mistake in the song, Zhou Lang Gu." ”
After being slightly drunk, he can still read music, and Mr. Wang Meng has such an evaluation:
Gong Jin wrote the famous song "Long River Yin", and there are many versions of it, so we have selected two versions to illustrate:
Ask about life, sigh Hua Nian, when I am not with Hua Ye decline. Raise a glass of drunkenness, groan to the moon, and crush the cold of the intestines.
The long river water is rushing and rushing, and it is difficult to reward the ambition and sorrow. Know less, shed tears, broken strings and who listens?
A fire illuminated the history of the Eastern War,
A lifetime of conquest wrote a new chapter for the Confucian generals.
Holding his beloved wife's hand, he plucked the afterglow of life for the last time.
Make the famous lord weep, and make Zhiyin run thousands of miles to mourn.
White drop shortness of breath narrow intestine.
Ask the heavens, who returned me to the real Zhou Lang.
Regardless of the version, it all brings out a heavy burden of ambition and ambition.
On the other hand, it is Gongjin's temperament, which I prefer to call "elegant amount", Mr. Yi Zhongtian summed up in his series of programs "Hundred Pulpits of Yi Zhongtianpin Three Kingdoms":
The "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" evaluates him as "sexual magnificence", that is, cheerful temperament and magnanimity. His contemporaries also spoke highly of him. Liu Bei said that he was "quite large", and Jiang Gan said that he was "elegant and elegant".
I think that Mr. Su Dongpo's sentence "Chaotic stones pierce through the air, the waves crash on the shore, roll up a thousand piles of snow" describes the elegance of thinking of Gongjin in the chaotic world, and one of the "snow" words reflects Gongjin's inner world to the fullest.
Flying snow in the heart, what is meant is not only to snow moon wind flowers, big belly can tolerate, but also to be ambitious and unpaid, with the world in mind.
06
Gong Jin's "will" - between talking and laughing, the tree ashes and smoke
In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang and Lu Su once discussed that there is a threefold realm for the general.
First weight:
The weight of the mediocre generals is the number of troops and how brave they are, and such military generals such as Lü Bu and Yuan Shao abound, and they are not enough to worry about.
In short, if the value of force is very high, or if there are many troops, you can win, and conversely, you can only lose.
Second weight:
The commander of Gao Ming must not only know the other and make good use of the soldiers, but also know the heavens and the time, know the geographical advantages, understand life, and know things like Gods are familiar with the art of war, commanding the ten thousand armies, and playing games freely, such generals as Sun, Wu, Guan, Le, and now Cao Mengde and Zhou Gongjin. So it is still unclear how to be handsome also.
Heaven and place are good for people and must understand, but the main thing is to use "human skills", that is, to understand people, for different people, the use of different martial arts.
Third weight:
The invisible soldier, the sun, moon, stars, wind, clouds, water, fire, and the aura of the mountains and rivers, so that all things can be soldiers.
In this way, as long as you are familiar with the chest, integrate into the heart, and use it properly, you can be better than a million soldiers.
Be able to skillfully use the "invisible soldiers" to reach millions of male soldiers with "astronomy" and "geography".
Final Conclusion:
For the generals, they do not understand astronomy, do not understand geography, do not know yin and yang, do not know the Qimen Armor and the formation of the army is a mediocrity.
So, let's take a look at Gong Jin's use of the Three Talents, and the best proof is the Battle of Chibi in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
The order of the battles on the main battlefield of Chibi in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is as follows:
1. Tongue fighting the masses of Confucianism, vigorously defying public opinion, and testing the differences of opinion of the Eastern Wu Front; (Zhuge Liang)
2. Zhi stimulated Zhou Yu, and gongjin jointly decided to plan a fire attack, and Sun Quan decided to make a plan; (Zhuge Liang)
3. Jiang Gan, a group of heroes, stole books and killed Cai Mao and Zhang Yun, really attacking Cao Cao's water army and making its water army unshuained; (Gong Jin)
4. Cao Cao folded his troops at the mouth of the Three Rivers, so that Cao Cao understood the huge disadvantages on the water surface of the Northern Army and did not dare to cross the river easily; (GongJin)
5. Borrowing arrows from grass boats; (Zhuge Liang)
6. Bitter meat meter, Zhou Yu beat Huang Gai, Kan Ze under the fraudulent surrender; (Gong Jin, Huang Gai, Kan Ze)
7. Pang Tong's dedication to the ring; (Pang Tong)
8. Sacrifice to the East Wind; (Zhuge Liang)
9. Burning Company Camp (Wu Jun)
At this point, the war on the main battlefield of the Battle of Chibi was over, and all that remained was Huarong Dao, which had nothing to do with the main battlefield.
Most of them were Zhuge Liang's doings, but according to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, only Sun Quan's decision to decide to have something to do with Zhuge Liang, but in fact, Gong Jin was the one who played a decisive role.
In September of that year, Cao Gong entered Jingzhou, Liu Chun surrendered, Cao Gong gained his water army, hundreds of thousands of boat infantry, and the generals were terrified. Quan Yan saw the group and asked for a plan. Speaker Xian Yue: Cao Gong Jackal Hu Ye, Ran entrusted the name han xiang, blackmailed the son of heaven to conquer the four sides, moved to the imperial court as a word, today refused, things are even more unsmooth, and the general can refuse to operate, the Yangtze River also. Now jingzhou has its own land. Liu Biaozhi's water army, Mengchong fighting ships, is thousands, and the floating is along the river, with both infantry and land and water. This is the danger of the Yangtze River, which has been shared with me. And the power of the multitude is unassailable. It is better to be foolish than to meet it.
For the huge Cao army, the general opinion of the Eastern Wu side is that the main surrender, the Cao army has many soldiers and has just recovered the water army, and the Wu army has no danger to defend, it seems that surrender is indeed the only way.
But Gong Jin retorted:
YU: Not really. Although the name of the fu is Han Xiang, in fact, the Han thief is also. The general, with the heroic talent of the gods and martial artists, and the fierceness of his father and brother, divided Jiangdong, thousands of miles in the land, the soldiers were fully used, the heroes were happy, and Shangdang ran rampant in the world, removing the cruelty and defilement of the Han family. yourself to death, and you can welcome it? Please raise funds for the general: now that the northern land is safe, there is no internal worry, can be protracted, to fight for the battlefield, and can it win or lose with our school in the ship, (can) huh? In present-day northern Turkey, there is no peace, and Jia Machao and Han Sui are still in Kansai, which is a trouble for the future. And she is saddle horse, fighting boats, and competing with Wu Yue, which is not the strength of China. It is now cold again, and the horse has no grass. Driving Chinese soldiers far away from the rivers and lakes, not getting used to water and soil, will inevitably give birth to diseases. These four are also plagued by the use of soldiers, and all of them are reckless. The general's maneuver should be in today's day.
These two dialogues are very similar to the tongue battle group Confucianism, Gong Jin's answer is even more whipped into it, and it shows that he knows the three talents of heaven, earth and man.
In view of Gong Jin's analysis, the southward movement of the Cao army was not carried out without worries, there were still Ma Chao and Han Sui in the northwest, and the Cao army was mainly based on horses and infantry, and it was not accustomed to water warfare, and it was bound to suffer losses in battle with the Wu army. These two points are made for people.
Cao Jun went south in the winter, the weather was harsh and the horses were unpredictable, and this was the time of day.
Cao Jun's long journey, the water and soil are not satisfied, it will inevitably cause diseases, which is a geographical advantage.
Most of the other merits in Chibi originated from the Eastern Wu side, or they were created out of nothing, the tongue war group Confucianism and the force of the crowd were done by Gong Jin, so that Sun Quan decided that Gong Jin and Zhuge did it together, the fire attack was Huang Gai's suggestion, Jiang Gan did not steal books, the straw boat borrowed arrows was Sun Quan's doing, there was only one ship, and at that time the Battle of Chibi was fought, and so on, and so on.
In fact, if you look at the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the Battle of Chibi did not have so many major characters to influence the direction of events, and the recorded battles were very one-stop.
07
Zhuge Liang is a generation of sages, not a god of war
For Zhuge Liang, most of the records in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms are as follows:
The first lord took Jiangnan, made Liang a general in the military division, and made the three counties of Lingling, Guiyang, and Changsha, and adjusted their taxes to replenish the army.
The first lord went out, Liang Chang town guarded Chengdu, enough to eat enough soldiers.
Political affairs are no big or small, salty and determined by the light.
Zhuge Liang had always been in the rear, and the real military achievement was the Northern Expedition against Cao Wei after Liu Bei's death. However, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms evaluates its use of soldiers as:
However, after years of moving the crowd, failing to succeed, the cover strain will be slight, not its strength!
As for Sima Decao's words, they are even more nonsense.
It can be compared to Jiang Ziya of Xingzhou 800 years, and Zhang Zifang of Wanghan 400 years.
Zhuge Liang is more like Xiao He of the town state, the care of the people, and the endless grain road, and there is a similar record in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms:
It can be said that it is a good talent for knowledge and governance, and it can be said that Guan and Xiao are a good person.
Therefore, in the use of soldiers, Zhuge Liang's achievements may only be "passed", but politically, he is a good minister of the country.
Zhuge Liangzhi is a country, caressing the people, showing etiquette, covenanting official duties, obeying the system of power, being open-minded, and preaching justice; those who are loyal and beneficial will be rewarded although they hate, those who break the law and slacken off will be punished, those who serve crimes and lose their feelings will be released, those who are skillful in their words will be killed even if they are light; good is not rewarded, and evil is not delicate and not degraded; things are refined, the physical essence, according to the name and responsibility, hypocrisy is not despised; finally within the state, salty and loving, although the criminal government is harsh and has no complaints, with his intentions to calm down and admonish Mingye.
08
Having said all that, I didn't mean to belittle anyone.
As the saying goes: there is no truth in history.
This is absolutely true, any account will be artificially reprocessed, and it is very normal to have some discrepancies.
In view of this, I don't think it matters whether a piece of history is true or not.
"Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall", which can help people learn the lessons of the past without repeating the mistakes of the past.
Therefore, for history, even a certain story, "partial listening is dark, and listening to both is bright" is the most effective.