What is history: it is the echo of the past to the future, the reflection of the future on the past. - Hugo
Nai sent Dangyang Jun and General Pu to cross the river with 20,000 pawns to save the deer. The battle was less profitable, and Chen Yufu invited soldiers. Xiang Yu Naixi led his troops across the river, all of them sunk their boats, broke the cauldrons, burned the huts, and carried three days of food, so as to show that the soldiers and soldiers would die, and none of them would return their hearts. So zhi ze besieged the king away, encountered the Qin army, fought nine battles, absolutely destroyed the Road, broke it, killed Su Jiao, and captured the king. Wading between chu and not descending, self-burning and killing. When it was, Chu Bing crowned the princes. The princes' army rescued the deer from more than ten walls, and did not dare to arson.
In Sima Qian's account, although there were more than ten armies that rescued the Zhao state during the Battle of Julu, only Xiang Yu's Chu army dared to engage the Qin army. When the Chu army and the Qin army fought a decisive battle, the armies of the princes did not participate in the battle, and the Chu army repelled the Qin army nine times in succession, and finally defeated it, and Wang Li was also captured by the Chu army. If this is the case, the Battle of the Giant Deer is all the work of Xiang Yu and the Chu Army, but is this really the case?
Emperor Wen of Han once passed by Zhao Guo, met the elderly Feng Tang, and had a conversation with him. Emperor Wen of Han asked him if he, as a zhao stateman, knew the deeds of Li Qi, a famous general of the Zhao state at the end of Qin. Emperor Wen of Han said that when he lived in daiguo, he often told the old man about his deeds and his heroic performance in leading the Zhao army in battle at the Battle of Julu. He also said that his mind was full of Richie now, and he had reached the point where he didn't have the heart to eat.
This short story contradicts Sima Qian's record, Sima Qian deliberately emphasized that there were more than a dozen princely armies that rescued Julu at that time, and they were afraid of the powerful Qin army, they all "dared not to arsion troops", in Sima Qian's record, the princes during the Battle of Julu were all running dragon trap roles, and the glory only belonged to Xiang Yu alone, so was this Li Qi imagined by the Zhao people themselves? Is there not another Richie among the other princes?
In modern times, the Battle of Julu was a major turning point in the last years of the Qin Dynasty, before which the Qin general Zhang Handan defeated Chen Sheng, Wei Gui, Tian Rong, and Xiang Liang one after another, almost sweeping away the peasant revolt. However, in the ensuing Battle of julu, Wang Li was defeated by Xiang Yu, and Zhang Handan was frightened by Xiang Yu and surrendered in the ensuing battle. Then the Qin Dynasty lost all its resistance and watched as Xiang Yu approached Guanzhong.
We must know that the mobilization ability of the Qin Dynasty is very strong. Taking the Battle of Qin and Chu as an example, the Qin State could muster 600,000 troops at once, and even the strength of the State of Zhao, which was far less powerful than the State of Qin, could also gather more than 400,000 troops in the Battle of Changping. At the time of the Battle of Julu, Zhang Handan's army was also around 200,000, so why was it that after he was defeated, the Qin Dynasty could no longer even spend 200,000 or 400,000 troops?
If you say that it was because the Northern Expedition xiongnu and the Southern Expedition baiyue had exhausted the Qin Dynasty's military resources, then I ask you, where did Liu Bang's 560,000 troops before the Battle of Pengcheng come from? Liu Bang and the Qin Dynasty were both based in Guanzhong, so why could Liu Bang come up with a large army, but the Qin Dynasty couldn't come up with it?
In fact, before the outbreak of the Battle of Julu, the main force of the Qin Dynasty had already been defeated by Liu Bang, and I did not imagine it out of thin air, please see this record in the "High Emperor Benji":
Sending the Duke of Pei to the west, he collected The King of Chen and Xiang Liang scattered. Nai Dao to Chengyang, and the Qin army in the bar, broke the second army. The Chu army sent troops to attack Wang Li and broke it.
It should be known that after Zhang Handan defeated the main force of Sima Xiangliang, the Great Sima Xiangliang of the Chu State, the Chu soldiers had been scattered, because of the threat of the Qin army, the King of Chu Huai could not gather scattered pawns in time, so the army that sent Song Yi with Xiang Yu to rescue the giant deer was not strong in number and combat effectiveness.
At the same time as sending Song Yi north, King Huai of Chu sent Liu Bang to lead troops to attack Guanzhong directly, giving him the power to gather Chen Sheng and Xiang Liang's scattered pawns.
Chen Sheng was able to send Zhou Wen to lead an army of 400,000 into Guanzhong, and by virtue of this one thing, he could know how huge his total army was. Xiang Liang had always been the main general of the Chu State, and his soldiers were of course the most elite part of the Chu State.
After Liu Bang collected the scattered pawns of Chen Sheng and Xiang Liang, his strength was of course far stronger than Xiang Yu's, because Xiang Yu was carrying only a group of defeated soldiers who survived the Battle of Dingtao. The besieged State of Zhao was already on the verge of collapse, and according to Sima Qian, the rest of the princely armies were all sacks of wine and rice.
In this way, the troops led by Liu Bang at that time should be the strongest in the camp of the princes; at the same time, the purpose of the princes was to protect themselves, and Liu Bang's purpose was to directly attack the old lair of the Qin Dynasty, and he was the most threatening person to the Qin Dynasty. Of course, the Qin Dynasty was not ignorant of the importance, and they would naturally concentrate on dealing with Liu Bang before they could worry about other things.
"History of Cao Xiangguo's Family": Strike the king and leave the army into Yangnan, re-attack the bar, and break it. Chasing north and west to Kaifeng, attacking Zhao Ben's army, breaking it, and besieging Zhao Ben in Kaifeng City. The Western Strike General Yang Xiongjun (杨熊軍) was defeated in Quyu ( 曲遇 ) , and Sima Qin ( 榫 ) and Yushi (御史) were each killed.
Zhao Ben was an interesting man, an old rival of Liu Bang, who had fought fiercely with Liu Bang near Kaifeng, and after being defeated, fled into kaifeng city, where Fan Huan killed one of his marquis generals. When Liu Bang was crowned King of Han and appointed Three Qin, he led the Qin army to confront Liu Bang.
When he fought for the Qin Dynasty, he actually had a general of the Marquis under his command, and when he fought for the princes, he was also the main general of the Qin forces, which showed the high status of this person in the Qin State. When Qin II sent Wang Li and Zhang Handan to attack the State of Zhao, he may have sent another main force to resist Liu Bang, and its main general was Zhao Ben.
"Send troops to attack Wang Li, greatly broken", "Strike The king left the army into Yangnan, re-attack the bar, the big break" And before the Battle of Julu, Liu Bang had already defeated Wang Li and defeated him twice. Wang Li's remnants fled north under the cover of Zhao Ben, and then besieged Julu under the orders of Zhang Handan before being defeated by Xiang Yu.
The most puzzling part of the Battle of julu is that it was Wang Li who was defeated by Xiang Yu, and why Zhang Handan had to surrender. Second, why the Qin Dynasty could no longer organize a resistance force after the Battle of Julu.
The above can explain these two doubts, it turned out that the main battlefield of the battle between the princes and Qin was on Liu Bang's side, and Liu Bang defeated at least one central army of the Qin Dynasty and Wang Li's Great Wall Army, which was the most powerful resistance force of the Qin Dynasty. The Battle of the Giant Deer is actually a side plot, where the Qin army besieging the Zhao state has long been the end of the crossbow. When Zhang Handan surrendered, the main force of the Qin army had already been defeated by Liu Bang, and Liu Bang was already approaching Guanzhong, and the Qin Dynasty was in danger, so Zhang Handan gave up resistance.
Therefore, the significance of the Battle of Julu has been magnified by modern people, and the biggest hero who destroyed the Qin State and the first person to enter Guanzhong were actually Liu Bang. Xiang Yu first defeated wang li remnants, and then forced the desperate Zhang Handan to surrender, and his credit could only be equal to Liu Bang at best. When dividing the world, Xiang Yu ignored Liu Bang's merits and relegated him to the land of Bashu where the Qin Dynasty placed criminals, and it was no wonder that Liu Bang was so angry and corrupt.