In 1903, an article entitled "Greetings to My Compatriots and Sisters" was published in the revolutionary magazine Jiangsu.
As one of the few works written by women to promote and encourage women's liberation, He Xiangning's name soon resounded throughout the Chinese student community in Japan. The concept of "removing old habits and instilling new knowledge" mentioned in the article shows the sudden temperament of haojie among women.
Two years later, a group of patriotic young japanese students set up a revolutionary organization in Tokyo, the capital of Japan, with the aim of overthrowing the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty and seeking a way to save the country. The founder of the organization was named Sun Yat-sen, and they established the name of the organization at the meeting as the "Chinese League Association".
As a new-age woman who dared to resist and pursue progress, He Xiangning was deeply moved by Sun Yat-sen's many speeches in Tokyo, and she decided to follow in Sun Yat-sen's footsteps.
As a result, He Xiangning became one of the earliest female members of the League.
Later, after Yuan Shikai stole the fruits of the Xinhai Revolution, He Xiangning spent his life fighting for the "Three People's Principles" and also made indelible contributions to China's liberation cause, socialist revolution and construction!
He Xiangning
Tradition rebels, "heavenly feet" good luck
In 1878, Ho was born in Hong Kong to a wealthy tea merchant.
Her father, who came from a peasant family, gave birth to this daughter after making a fortune, hoping to educate her daughter into a big bridesmaid, and later find a good marriage and integrate into "high society".
At that time, everyone was a three-inch golden lotus, so when He Xiangning was seven years old, her mother began to wrap her feet. This made He Xiangning, who was young but quite assertive, dissatisfied.
She longs to become a brave and good warrior female soldier when she grows up, and she is even more envious of them to have a pair of "heavenly feet"!
So, after her mother wrapped her feet during the day, she secretly used scissors to cut off all the foot wraps at night.
After some time, the mother found that her daughter's feet not only did not become smaller, but grew a few points, and after some inspection, she knew what was going on, so she confiscated the scissors that her daughter had hidden.
What about without a pair of scissors? The stubborn He Xiang thought to himself. She took out her pocket money, turned around and bought new scissors, and continued to "fight" with the shroud.
When her parents saw the situation, they had no choice but to give up the idea of wrapping her feet.
As her daughter grows up day by day, this pair of free-growing "heavenly feet" makes her parents particularly worried. Her father always adhered to the idea that "a woman's talentlessness is morality", and invited Mr. Private School to attend classes for his son, but he did not let his daughters go to school.
This made He Xiangning, who was eager to read, itch in his heart: If you don't let Ming learn, then I will secretly learn!
The young He Xiangning bought a lot of books to teach himself at home, and when he encountered words that he did not understand, he went to his brother for advice, and if his brother could not answer, he asked the servant to take it and ask Mr. Private School. In this way, she also accumulated a lot of knowledge little by little.
As He Xiangning gradually reached the age of talking about marriage and marriage, because of her pair of heavenly feet, no matchmaker was willing to come to He's house to kiss her. No matter how to say that she is also a spoiled child, although she does not seek to marry high, her parents also hope to find a husband who is the right door for her.
One day, He Xiangning's father listened to his boss and told an interesting story: "There is a rich man from studying abroad at Huangren College, named Liao Zhongkai, who said that he wanted to find a woman who did not wrap her feet as a wife. ”
Hearing this, He Xiangning's father suddenly felt that this was not his daughter's heavenly gift!
He immediately asked the matchmaker to mediate the matter, and He Xiangning and Liao Zhongkai were also quite satisfied with each other after meeting each other, and they officially married in 1897.
And this part of their marriage was also praised as a "heavenly good relationship", Liao Zhongkai not only became He Xiangning's good mate teacher, the two were also a pair of revolutionary partners who could sing and cry.
He Xiangning and Liao Zhongkai
Not afraid of power, try to save your husband
In June 1922, the warlord Chen Jiongming betrayed the revolution and wanted to resist Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition strategy, so he sent someone to secretly imprison Liao Zhongkai and openly shelled the presidential palace.
In order not to let the revolutionary cause be ruined, He Xiangning disregarded his red and white dysentery and angrily left the medical department to secretly look for Sun Yat-sen and his wife. She directly denounced Chen Jiongming's subordinates, forcing them to prepare passes and transportation for themselves, silently preparing the necessary items for Sun Yat-sen, and helping them send letters until he went to Shanghai.
On the other hand, Chen Jiongming also suspected that He Xiangning knew the whereabouts of Sun Yat-sen, sent his subordinates to look for her, and used Liao Zhongkai as a threat: "Madam, you only need to take these soldiers to find Mr. Sun, persuade Mr. Sun, we will release your husband immediately!" ”
After listening to Hong Zhaolin's words, He Xiangning resolutely refused, she could not ignore Mr. Zhongshan for the sake of her husband, and she would not be coerced so easily!
Later, when He Xiangning visited her husband at the Ishii Arsenal for the third time, there were rumors that he was about to be shot. Therefore, she ignored the obstruction of the gunmen on both sides and pushed them away and rushed to her husband Liao Zhongkai's side. At this moment, Liao Zhongkai secretly gave her a note with two farewell poems for her children and herself.
He Xiangning tearfully read the farewell poem, determined to save her husband!
She took the illness and ran to Baiyun Mountain in Guangzhou, and Chen Jiongming, who was holding a military conference, saw He Xiangning, a servant of the wind and dust, and could not help but be surprised, and rushed to invite her to drink and drive away the cold.
Chen Jiongming
On the table, He Xiangning raised his wine glass and drank it all, asking:
"What's zhongkai sorry for you?" Do you want to imprison Dr. Sun Yat-sen because he wants to raise money for him? But if you think about the nine years of the Republic of China, why didn't Zhongkai do his best to help you? ... Is it right to help you, and is it wrong to help Mr. Nakayama? ”
"When I came here today, I didn't think I could go back, even if you chopped me into meat sauce, I wouldn't be afraid." Whether you want to kill Zhongkai or let him go, you must give me an answer today! ”
After Chen Jiongming listened, he took out a telegram and said, "This is all the idea of those subordinates, and I don't know the specific things." Well, I'll write you a note, and you'll go to the arsenal with Long Rongxuan to take Zhongkai home! ”
After saying that, he took a pen and paper and wrote a note and handed it to her.
Looking at this note, He Xiangning realized that this was just perfunctory to her, she directly threw the note back, and said sharply: "I came today, I have no intention of going back, and I do not ask you to release Mr. Liao, but you must give me an accurate answer today, whether to release or kill?" ”
At this time, Ma Yuhang came over and advised: "Mr. Liao must have sent him to Baiyun Mountain to release him, what do you do to the commander who has such a big temper?" ”
As soon as his voice dropped, He Xiangning raised his voice again: "This is clearly to be assassinated!" If you are ready to let him go, let him go home with me today; if you are ready to kill him, let him stay on Baiyun Mountain today. ”
After some debate, Chen Jiongming, who knew that he had lost money, considered that Sun Yat-sen and others had left Guangdong, and there was no threat to him at present, after careful consideration, he sent someone to release Liao Zhongkai with her.
Liao Zhongkai
Single-mindedly for the people, five curses Chiang Kai-shek
In 1925, when Sun Yat-sen was dying, he was still thanking He Xiangning.
He Xiangning said to him with tears in his eyes: "Sir, I am assured that we will definitely implement the three major policies and resist imperialism... I am willing to fight to the end for the overthrow of imperialism and the implementation of the three major policies. ”
The second from the left in the back row is Liao Zhongkai, the third from the right in the front row is He Xiangning, the fourth from the right is Sun Yat-sen, and the person holding Liao Chengzhi in his arms is Liao Chengzhi, the fifth on the right is Song Qingling, and the seventh on the right is Liao Mengxing
At this time, serious differences had emerged within the reorganized Kuomintang, with the two major factions opposing each other, with the rightists taking aim at Liao Zhongkai, who adhered to the three major policies.
On August 20, 1925, He Xiangning and Liao Zhongkai went to the Kuomintang Central Committee For a meeting. Who knew that as soon as she reached the entrance of the party department, Liao Zhongkai was killed by the long-lurking murderer, and the bullets roared over He Xiangning's head, and she watched her husband be shot and killed.
Extremely sad and indignant, she pasted the four big words of "spiritual immortality" on the door of her home to fight against the rightist forces to the end.
In the comfort of the Communist Party and the workers and peasants, He Xiangjing saw clearly the reactionary nature of the rightists and gained the courage to persevere, and she said passionately: "As long as it is beneficial to the country, even if our whole family dies because of it!" ”
The death of her husband made her lose her revolutionary partner, but it also made her not afraid of life and death, and raised her mind to a new height.
In March 1926, Chiang Kai-shek and others created the "Zhongshan Ship" incident, mobilized troops to surround the provincial and port strike committees and the Office and residence of the Soviet Advisers in Dongshan, and said out of thin air that the Communists wanted to create a riot, so they had to stop it by force, and arrested Li Zhilong and others.
When He Xiangning learned of this, she realized that she still had the will of Dr. Sun Yat-sen and her husband on her shoulders, so she decided to clear the rumors for the Communist Party and lift their siege of Soviet friends.
At this time, the whole city had been under martial law and blockaded, but He Xiangning ignored the layers of obstruction of the soldiers, knew them with affection and reason, and persuaded the sentries who interrogated him.
She scolded Chiang Kai-shek bitterly: "The premier and Zhongkai are still in their bones, and now only the Soviet Union can help us open up the road of revolution, and they are willing to go to China to help us, but you repay the morality with resentment and imprison them, is it because you want to violate Mr. Sun's legacy and sabotage the road of revolution?" ”
After hearing this, Chiang Kai-shek was speechless and had no choice but to call the army to retreat.
Chiang Kai-shek
In 1927, after the April 12 Incident, He Xiangning delivered a speech entitled "Chiang Kai-shek is a Counter-Revolutionary." She said without hesitation: "Chiang Kai-shek has actually begun to openly destroy the workers' and peasants' revolutionary groups, how should we deal with him?" We can only defeat these counter-revolutionaries, as Mr. Liao said! ”
After that, she even jointly published with Song Qingling and others "asking Jiang to electrify".
He Xiangning and Song Qingling
Even if Chiang Kai-shek later asked her to be her own witness, she blatantly refused because she was not accustomed to Chiang Kai-shek's behavior.
In 1928, He Xiangning, despite the persuasion of his family, decided to go to Nanjing to persuade Chiang Kai-shek one last time.
Then Song Meiling went to visit her with gifts, but talked for less than twenty minutes, until Song Meiling walked out with a red face, and He Xiangning followed her and kept reprimanding her.
A few days later, Chiang Kai-shek, dressed in a newly improved military uniform, came to visit He Xiangning. But it wasn't long after the conversation that the two had an argument. He Xiangjing reprimanded him louder and louder, and when he talked about excitement, he angrily slapped the table. Chiang Kai-shek finally had to give a military salute and turned away.
In March 1933, He Xiangning's beloved son Liao Chengzhi was arrested in the Shanghai Public Concession.
Upon learning of this, He Xiangning immediately began rescue activities and fought with the Shanghai Kuomintang authorities. At that time, she was bedridden due to heart disease and could not stand, so she had to lie down on a rattan chair and let everyone move the rattan chair to the public security bureau.
After Wu Tiecheng knew about it, he quickly sent someone to greet him: "Lady Liao, the director of the bureau invites you to the living room to drink tea!" ”
In this regard, He Xiangning said without mercy: "I am not worthy to enter your living room, nor do I care to go, I don't want to sit on your sofa chair, I just want to go to jail!" ”
The man had no choice but to look at her appearance of not entering the oil and salt, and could only turn his head and return to the bureau chief.
When the director came over, he said in a loud voice, "Mrs. Liao, come in!" In! What's the point, let's come in and say it well! ”
He Xiangning sneered, "Why are you persecuting those innocent people?" If you want to say that scolding Old Jiang is also the one I scold the most, then you have the ability to arrest me first! ”
"Madam, what are you talking about?" Your beloved son will be released, and we are investigating it now! ”
Looking at He Xiangning dragging a sick body, Wu Tiecheng, who was afraid of any accident, had to go back to the room to report this matter to his superiors. In this way, this matter reached Chiang Kai-shek's ears layer by layer, and he was well aware of He Xiangning's character, worried that if she really died of illness in front of the public security bureau, she would not be able to explain to the masses of the state, and would leave a handle on his political enemies, so he ordered the release of Liao Chengzhi.
In 1935, after Chiang Kai-shek's policy of non-resistance came down, the whole country was in an uproar, and countless intellectuals and progressive youth shouted that "the country will fall." He Xiangning, who learned of this, was indignant and indignant, and she directly took out an old dress she had worn and waved it on it:
He falsely claimed to be a boy and was willing to be enslaved.
Sending rivers and mountains without war, all the worlds are ashamed.
My women, may I die on the battlefield.
Put me in your clothes and change your clothes!
This poem is really fierce, and every line of the poem reveals the contempt for Chiang Kai-shek, scolding him for abandoning him without fighting, and what face do you have to say that you are a man? He also said that such a female stream as himself was not willing to do this, and he was willing to die on the battlefield of defending his family and defending the country, so this dress was changed into his military uniform on the battlefield.
After Jiang received this package, he was naturally very angry, and his face turned pale with anger, but he was stunned that he did not dare to take the move head-on and did not respond to half a word.
In 1941, when the Anhui Incident occurred that shocked China and foreign countries, He Xiangning and Soong Ching-ling jointly sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek, scolding him for violating Mr. Zhongshan's testament and the crime of cannibalism among compatriots, and demanding: "Abolish the deployment of suppressing the Communist Party, solve the joint communist plan, develop all kinds of anti-Japanese strength, and guarantee all kinds of anti-Japanese parties."
At the same time, she published a number of articles in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, stating the ups and downs of their revolutionary road and the difficulties in formulating the "three major policies", which inspired many people, especially Mr. Sun's followers in the Kuomintang, to constantly struggle to defend his legacy.
He fought for the revolution all his life, and although he died nine times, he did not regret it
As early as the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, He Xiangning had a clear understanding of the Communist Party and always adhered to Mr. Zhongshan's policy of "uniting with the Communist Party" and adhering to it. She has publicly stated many times that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party should seek cooperation and work together to find a way to save the country.
At the meeting of the "Second National Congress" of the Kuomintang, she said: "We and the Communist Party must cooperate and work together to overthrow imperialism and achieve revolutionary success!" ”
During the period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists, she also actively advocated that Communists take up important work within the Kuomintang and devoted herself to it. Not only did he give up the post of central organization minister concurrently held by her husband to Tan Pingshan, a member of the Communist Party, but also zhou Enlai as the director of the political department of the Whampoa Military Academy, and at the same time, many party members were arranged to serve at the Whampoa Military Academy.
When He Xiangning presided over the work of the Women's Department, he was particularly fond of the Communists, and even mentioned Deng Yingchao as his secretary general, often asking them to help them do some practical things.
After Wang Jingwei and others tore up the Kuomintang-Communist contract, she resolutely came forward to protect the revolutionary left and many communists. I personally wrote to the Central Organization Department: "I am the Minister of Women, and if you think that the women comrades are all 'communists' and 'quasi-communists', I am their leader, and if there is something wrong, you will come to me, and you are not allowed to embarrass them!" He also said that he would break with Chiang Kai-shek and Wang, who betrayed the revolution.
He Xiangning responded very much to the call of the CCP, believing that only by actively resisting the war could she truly defend her family and defend the country, so she was also making continuous efforts to promote the second cooperation between the KUOMINTANG and the CPC.
After the September 18 Incident, He Xiangning, Liu Yazi and others struggled to organize the "National Disaster Rescue Team" and rushed to the northeast anti-Japanese front line to give speeches everywhere and raise funds. At the same time, it took the lead in supporting the CPC's declaration on "stopping the civil war and unanimously resisting Japan", and persuaded many Kuomintang people to sign it, devoting itself to promoting secondary cooperation between the two parties.
Although she traveled to many places in the war and was often bedridden infirmity and illness, she always held high the banner of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and vowed to die against surrender and division.
Because of her in-depth understanding of the CCP, she also greatly appreciated the party's proposition of "peace, democracy, and unity," and was not afraid of power and dared to expose Chiang Kai-shek's policies of civil war, dictatorship, and traitor. When he knew that Chiang Kai-shek had actually dispatched troops to invade the Liberated Areas during the negotiations, he telephoned Sun Ke and others: In the eight years of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the pain and sacrifices of the soldiers and the people have been too great to withstand bloodshed and destruction.
Finally, I sent a telegram to Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek: The people of the whole country long for peace and only hope that the two parties of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party will endure each other and serve the country.
After the founding of New China, she also firmly embarked on the road of socialism and made great contributions to expanding the patriotic united front and realizing the third Kuomintang-Communist cooperation. She clearly realized that in order to realize the industrialization of our country, the socialist road is the only way to prosperity.
She also put her enthusiasm on overseas Chinese affairs, called on overseas Chinese to help the construction of the motherland, and "invited overseas Chinese to return to China to participate in construction," effectively expanding the patriotic front and speeding up the pace of new China's construction.
For taiwan compatriots, He Xiangning is also extremely concerned, she appealed: "Reinvigorate, so that Taiwan can return to the embrace of the motherland... Stand in the ranks of the people of the motherland at an early date and make contributions to the peaceful liberation of Taiwan. Her heartfelt words to the Taiwan authorities and compatriots still inspire the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
This year marks the 49th anniversary of the passing of Mr. He Xiangning, and I would like to pay tribute to every revolutionary who fought for the independence and reunification of the country. The Chinese nation is now standing among the nations of the world, countless people are constantly striving to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and the reunification of the motherland is also close at hand, and no one can stop it!