Five people
Wrote a song, named
"Mr. Chen"
。 The song is one minute and forty-four seconds long, and the whole song has only three lyrics:
Born in Haifeng in 1878, he died in Hong Kong in 1933 and was buried in Huizhou in 1934.
Who is Mr. Chen? What are his deeds in life? Why would Gojo write songs for him? Why are the lyrics only three short sentences? With these questions in mind, let's walk into Mr. Chen and get back to that one
A time of war.
Chen Jiongming accused Chen Zhaotang, the prefect of Huizhou
Mr. Chen's full name
Chen Jiongming
Chen Jie, formerly known as Chen Jie, also known as Zanzhi, also spelled Jingcun, was a Military General of the Cantonese Family, one of the military and political representatives of the Republic of China period, advocating
"Inter-provincial autonomy"
Contrary to Sun Yat-sen's political program of "great unification", he took refuge in Xiangjiang after being crusaded by the Kuomintang and assisted the largest overseas Chinese community organization overseas
"Hongmen Zhigongtang" transformed into "China Zhigong Party"
and the first prime minister of the party.
In 1878
Born in Guangdong
Haifeng County
。 Although he was born in Xiangmendi, the family was very economically difficult, his father died when he was three years old, but his mother still insisted on providing him with education, and at the age of 20, he won the Xiucai, and went to Guangdong in 1906 to study law and politics, and two years later
Outstanding graduates
Status to graduate.
Guangdong
It is a place that Chen Jiongming must not say in his life. An incident occurred while Chen Jiongming was studying at the School of Political Science and Law, that is, he led the accusation of indiscriminate killing of innocents
Chen Zhaotang, the prefect of Huizhou
。 During Chen Zhaotang's tenure as prefect of Huizhou,
Oppression of the people, abuse of lynching
Even underage children were killed, causing great resentment among the local people. Some of the local gentry decided to sue Chen Taifu, by
Chen Jiongming collects human and physical evidence
。 The gentry did not dare to be listed first in the complaint, because the first person had to testify in court, and if he made a false accusation, he would be guilty; Chen Jiongming spontaneously and bravely wished to be ranked first. Therefore, the gentry was willing to give Chen Jiongming a thousand yuan as an encouragement, but Chen Jiongming righteously refused.
Chen Jiongming himself is also a poor student, is he really not impressed in the face of so much money? Of course not, on the contrary he did
The righteousness of the heart is a thousand times greater than this money
Why mention money in the face of righteousness? Isn't he afraid of death? No, even some of the things that the gentry did not dare to do he dared to do, all because there was a righteous word in his heart. During the trial, Chen Jiongming argued on the basis of reason, saying that Chen Taifu was dumbfounded, on the spot
Removed from office and arrested
。 After this incident, Chen Jiongming's reputation was greatly shaken.
Chen Jiongming implemented reforms
In 1909, Chen Jiongming was appointed
Member of the Guangdong Consultative Council
Proposed a series of social reform measures. Although Chen Jiongming is a member of the Consultative Council, in fact, there are only
Consultation, consultation
Rights.
However, under the rule of the feudal empire at that time, it became a medium representing the will of the people. He resolutely opposed the abuse of lynching by Chen Zhaotang and his ilk to directly bring the law to justice on the spot. In terms of economy, Chen Jiongming was greatly influenced by Western ideas, and he believed that salt should be done everywhere
Run by merchants
, not the government. In terms of education, he
Creation of civilian education
, the establishment of girls' schools. On the judicial front, he suggested
Abolition of military service and replacement by police
。 In terms of social climate,
He banned smoking and gambling
Compared with Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Thought, Chen Jiongming's social reform measures are real
Seek the welfare of the people and ensure the people's livelihood
This also laid the groundwork for the contradiction between Chen Jiongming and Sun Yat-sen.
The New Army Uprising, the Huanghuagang Uprising
Consultative Council
It was a compromise made by the Qing court when Kang Youwei launched the Reform and Reform Movement. At that time, Chen Jiongming was a member of the Consultative Council, and only a year later, Chen Jiongming realized that he relied on it
Restoration
The nature of the state has not changed, and the imperial power that has lasted for more than two thousand years is still a shackle that weighs on tens of millions of poor people.
In the consultation bureau meeting before the Qing court was about to be invited to convene the National Assembly, Chen Jiongming held a negative attitude toward the meeting, and his attitude had changed.
He began to actively prepare for reform
。
In 1910
Guangzhou New Army uprising
It was the first armed insurrection supported by the Confederacy branch, by
Zhao Sheng and Ni Yingdian
As the sender of this uprising, he also gained the support of Zhu Zhixin, a political science and law school. The plan of the uprising was that the artillery would first fire the cannon and the new army would respond to the sound of the artillery. Election of the Consultative Council is provisional
Chief Civil Administrator
Chen Jiongming served as the head and deputy. However, when the new army revolted, the Qing government had already discovered it, and even suspected Chen Jiongming. Fortunately, with the help of the parliamentarians at that time, the suspicion was freed.
After the failure of the New Army uprising, Chen Jiongming embarked on the next operation, in 1911
Huanghuagang Uprising
。 Before the uprising, the people set up a coordination department in the south,
Huang Xing is the minister and Chen Jiongming is the head of the establishment section
。 Due to insufficient funds, the Coordination Department raised a total of more than HK$180,000 overseas. As a member of the Consultative Council, Chan Jiong Ming used his status as a member of parliament to cover for the revolution. More than a hundred people were also gathered to Guangzhou to organize a vanguard and prepare for an uprising.
The original date of the uprising was April 13, but Wen Shengcai acted alone, killing the Guangzhou general Fu Qi on April 8, and martial law was imposed on the whole city of Guangzhou. Therefore, the coordination department was postponed to April 26, and the 800-man death squad was divided into ten attacks. At that time, a batch of arms had not yet arrived, so it was decided to postpone it again to the 27th, because it was already the evening of the 26th when Xiangjiang received the telegram, and the time was too late. It was also decided to postpone it until the 28th, and when the people rushed from Xiangjiang to Guangzhou, they had already missed the time of the uprising.
In the end, for various reasons, the uprising ultimately failed.
It is not difficult to analyze the reasons for the failure of this operation. First of all
As for the Guangzhou government
This operation is already aware and prepared. Second, the rebel army
Lack of leadership figures
, which led to the repeated postponement of the uprising, which dealt a blow to the confidence of the revolutionaries. Chen Jiongming then took refuge in Xiangjiang while waiting for the opportunity to prepare for the next uprising. That is, the Huizhou Uprising in Guangdong Province, which was triggered by the victory of this uprising under the leadership of Chen Jiongming
Guangdong Province Recovery.
Anchenaism and the Northern Expedition
Chen Jiongming believed in Anjina doctrine when governing affairs,
Advocate democracy, freedom and equality
。 When he led the Cantonese army into Zhangzhou in 1918, he began to apply the Anjina Doctrine. He advocated inter-provincial autonomy,
Modeled on the federal system of the United States
。 His achievements in governance in Zhangzhou were remarkable, attracting the attention of foreigners, even
Zhangzhou is known as a new star in the East
But because of Chen Jiongming's claims with
Sun Yat-sen launched the Northern Expedition in 1926
The idea of generating contradictions was denounced by Sun Yat-sen
warlord
Sun Yat-sen removed Chen Jiongming from his post in Guangdong. In 1925, Chen Jiongming fled to Xiangjiang,
Eight years later he died in poverty
。 After his death, Chen Jiongming even had to use the coffin prepared by his mother, which had to make people sigh that a once prominent local military and political chieftain had such a tragic ending.
For more than a hundred years, history portrayed Chen Jiongming as a warlord and a traitor to the revolutionary cause. However, in fact, the political views of the two leading figures at that time were inconsistent, Chen Jiongming believed that the Northern Expedition would consume a lot of manpower, material resources, and financial resources, and the people of Guangdong at that time had experienced war and chaos for a long time and lived in poverty, so they did not agree with the Northern Expedition.
Chen Jiongming thus bore the infamy of more than a hundred years
Until recent years, his son Chen Dingyan was dissatisfied with his father's slander and wrote an article to overturn the case for his father, Chen Jiongming's deeds were not known. At that time, Chen Jiongming seemed to be a traitor who did not agree with the Northern Expedition, but now it seems that Chen Jiongming is a heroic figure who thinks about the people.
Who can say what is right and wrong in history, and everyone has a conclusion in their minds.