Fifty-six nationalities are one, and China has long been a multi-ethnic country, and in the long history of thousands of years, there have been many situations in which multi-ethnic regimes coexist, especially in the two Jin Dynasties, the two Song Dynasties and the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Often the fatal threat to the Central Plains regime is the nomadic people from the north, especially during the "Xiaoice River Period", when the climate in the high latitudes has become colder, and people there have to go south to herd horses to plunder the wealth of the Central Plains to make a living.
If they met an aspiring and ambitious leader, they would try to conquer the Central Plains and replace them with the Mongol Great Khan Temujin and the later Emperor Taiji, who had lost the Battle of Shuishui, and the two great unified dynasties of the Yuan and Qing dynasties.
There is also a northern nomad who failed to go south to the Central Plains, but his name has been deeply branded in the history of the Central Plains, and has become a reference symbol for the northern barbarians, here is the Xiongnu!
The Xiongnu already existed during the Three Emperors and Five Emperors period, when it was called 猃狁 (pronounced Dangerous Yun), and later during the Warring States period, the King of Zhao Wuling,Hufu rode and shot against the Xiongnu, and the Qin Shi Huang Emperor made Meng Tian build the Great Wall and guard the fence.
After the Chu-Han War, the Central Plains region fought for many years, with ten rooms and nine empty spaces, one after another, and the Xiongnu became bigger again. Although the Xiongnu did not go south to destroy the Han Dynasty, but also overwhelmed the early Han Dynasty, The Han Emperor Liu Bang was trapped in Baishan Mountain, and finally had to pay bribes to the wife of Mao Dun Shan Yu to escape, which also opened the Han Dynasty's more than half a century of peace and pro-Xiongnu policy.
Every year, the Han Dynasty honored a large number of beautiful women and gold and silver jewelry to the Xiongnu monarchs, but it did not buy peace on the border, the Xiongnu still wantonly went south to plunder resources, and the rulers of the Han Dynasty could only swallow their anger.
Until the time of Emperor Wu of Han, after the recuperation of wenjingzhi, the western Han state became stronger and stronger, and Emperor Wudi of Han decided to start a decisive battle with the Xiongnu!
The Han army fought fiercely with the Xiongnu many times, and won and lost against each other, but the Han army won three decisive victories successively, of which the decisive battle in the north of the desert, the general Huo Fu led 50,000 Han troops deep into the hinterland of the Xiongnu for more than 2,000 miles, engaged the Xiongnu Zuoxian King's troops, annihilated the enemy of 70,000, and hunted down to Lake Baikal after worshipping heaven and earth in the central plains south of the Wolf Juxu Mountain, and since then "the Xiongnu are far away, and there is no royal court in the south of the desert", and the wolf Juxu has become the highest honor of the central plains military generals, and those who cross this mountain will be famous in history!
Later, the general Chen Tang even wrote to emperor Yuan of Han that it was advisable to hang his head between the barbarian mansions on the street to show that those who committed crimes against the strong Han would be punished from afar.
However, the Central Plains Dynasty has not always been strong, the two Jin Dynasties and the two Song Dynasties are regarded as painful history, the reason why the two Jin Dynasties nest is that they have teammates like pigs, and none of the emperors of the Sima family have inherited the wisdom of the old ancestor Sima Yi, either arrogant and lascivious or cannibalistic. During the two Song Dynasties, in addition to their own weak strength, they encountered a group of god-like opponents and were unable to return to heaven.
In addition to the Battle of Song and Jin, the Battle of Song and Meng, the Battle of Song and Liao is equally tragic, and the story of the Yang family general, who is well known to women and children, is set in the Battle of Song and Liao. The Liao State was a feudal dynasty established by the Khitan people, which once dominated northern China, sitting on half of the country, the state of Zuo for 210 years, nine emperors, much more fierce than the Xiongnu.
Because of the problem of the ownership of The Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun, the song and Liao countries began to pinch each other from the time of Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty, and the Song army was able to achieve some small victories every time, but song Taizong did not have any decisive victories, but began to lose troops. The opponents encountered by Song Taizong were not an ordinary pair of orphans and widows, but Empress Xiao and Liao Shengzong, who had opened up, but not everyone could afford to wait for a holy word.
By the time of Song Zhenzong, the third emperor of the Great Song Dynasty, the balance of strength between Song and Liao had undergone a subtle change, the Song army turned to a passive defensive position, the Liao army marched south, and the prime minister Kou Zhun pushed Song Zhenzong to the front line and was forced to march in person.
After arriving in Liaozhou, Kou Zhun forced Song Zhenzong to go up to the city tower to inspect, and the defenders of the city saw that the emperor himself had come, and they all shouted long live, and the sound was tens of miles away, and the momentum was a hundred times greater.
After a series of victories, the Liao army began to wave, and the commander Xiao Tao Rin dared to patrol under the city of Liaozhou with more than a dozen cavalry, only to be shot dead by the three-bow crossbow, and the army was in chaos.
At this time, the Song and Liao countries were evenly matched, the Song army continued to fight, the labor and wealth, the cost was much higher than the capture of Youyun Sixteen Prefectures, the Liao army went deep into the end of the crossbow, the commander was killed the army was unstable, worried that the Song army would eat itself, the two sides hit it off, demarcated the border, never started a war, and became a brotherly country, known in history as the "Alliance of the Yuanyuan".
After the alliance of the Liaoyuan Dynasty, the strength reached its peak, and it also began to gradually go downhill, and was eventually destroyed by the yan a bone. Although the Khitans briefly restored the country and established the Western Liao and then the Later Western Liao, they all maintained a small separatist regime for less than a century.
Since then, the Khitan people after the fall of the country have completely disappeared like water evaporation, without a trace, and there is no Khitan among the 56 ethnic groups, and historians believe that the Khitan people after the fall of the country have integrated with other ethnic groups and gradually disappeared.
However, due to the vast territory of the Liao state in the north in the past, and maintained for two centuries, its influence in the western region was very large, and now the name of China in Eastern European countries is still a transliteration of "Khitan".