According to statistics, from July 1946 to June 1947, the major field armies captured 176 Kuomintang generals, from July 1947 to June 1948, the People's Liberation Army captured 326 Kuomintang generals, and from July 1948 to June 1949, the People's Liberation Army captured 562 Kuomintang generals. In three years, a total of 1,064 Kuomintang generals were captured.
This is also the number of Nationalist generals captured shortly after the Plaster's Battle of crossing the river, plus the Kuomintang generals who were captured shortly after the liberation of Guangdong, Guangxi, and the liberation of the Great Southwest and the Great Northwest, as well as the three years of the Great Suppression of Bandits, which is enough to form an infantry regiment, not counting the more than 30,000 middle- and lower-ranking Kuomintang officers captured.
Many of these captured senior generals of the Kuomintang army have long been educated by the so-called "orthodox" government of the Nationalist Government and are stubborn in their thinking; many of them have followed Chiang Kai-shek for many years, are close associates of Chiang Kai-shek, and are not easy to carry out ideological reform, so they are all detained and guarded separately by the major field armies. Some of these captured senior Kuomintang generals were guarded by soldiers sent by the People's Liberation Army, and some were guarded by local governments, so the specific policies and treatment were different, and the management methods were not uniform.
Although the management and treatment of prisoners of war varies from place to place, the treatment of senior Kuomintang generals by the People's Liberation Army is good, such as when Senior Generals of the Nationalist Army such as Li Xianzhou and Ou Shounian were captured, Chen Yi and Su Yu personally invited them to dinner, because during the special period, these people had a special relationship with the People's Liberation Army, such as Ou Shounian was the leader of Su Yu's regiment during the Nanchang Uprising.
The head of the Yunnan station of the Kuomintang Secrecy Bureau, the director of the Yunnan Commissioner's Office, and the guerrilla commander of the lieutenant general Shen Drun and a group of Nationalist generals were imprisoned in Kunming Prison after the Luhan Uprising. Later, after Shen Was transferred to the Second Prison of the Sichuan Provincial Public Security Department (known as the training class to the outside world), he still had 16 yuan per month for food.
At that time, the price of Sichuan was very low, the collective food of 16 yuan per month, you can eat a meat and a vegetarian per meal, the amount of rice is also very large, in addition to fish, meat and eggs, you can also buy chicken, duck and goose and other food. The prison administrators also equipped each of them with a new outfit and could move around the neighborhood, making it look like a prison at all.
The nearby people saw that They often bought so many meat dishes here, so they went to inquire what unit this training class was, and some of them directly asked what conditions they wanted before they could participate in this training class. After making the prison administrators cry and laugh, and explained to the people, the people suddenly realized that they had a quick departure from this place. The captured Kuomintang generals concentrated in Shandong were also well treated, and like the soldiers, they all wore the clothes of the soldiers, distributed daily necessities on time, and paid a monthly allowance of five yuan, which was higher than the allowance of the soldiers.
Although the senior Kuomintang generals imprisoned in Jiamusi in the northeast were relatively strict in management, their treatment was also good, first of all, they were treated with respect and courtesy in personality, and secondly, they tried to maintain their food before they were captured in life, and the generals above the generals ate small stoves, and each meal was four dishes and one soup plus white rice. At that time, the material conditions of Jiamusi were relatively scarce, and in order to ensure the food of the prisoners of war, the soldiers and managers guarding them were served sorghum rice and pickle strips three times a day.
After the founding of New China, senior military and political personnel of the Kuomintang army throughout the country began to be centrally detained in the Beijing Gongdelin Prisoner of War Management Center, directly under the leadership of the Ministry of Public Security, responsible for the education and reform of war criminals. Gongdelin was originally a Buddhist temple outside the Desheng Gate in Beijing, which was converted into a porridge factory in the Qing Dynasty and distributed free porridge to orphans and poor, but by the end of the Qing Dynasty, it became a huge labor reform institution, and later the Beiyang government and the Nanjing Nationalist Government expanded the prison and imprisoned thousands of people.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the prison was directly under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security and was responsible for imprisoning senior nationalist generals captured during the Liberation War. After the senior generals of the Nationalist army were concentrated in Gongdelin, the Gongdelin Prisoner of War Management Center first improved their living conditions, and everywhere was 16 yuan a month's living expenses. In action, as long as the PRISONERs did not leave the management office, they could no longer lock the doors and talk freely to each other. The prescribed time schedule is also more reasonable, and you can watch a movie once a week.
In terms of food expenses, there were more than twice as many senior Kuomintang generals imprisoned in Gongdelin than the average prisoner, and even much better than the guards and managers. At that time, some captured Kuomintang middle- and lower-ranking military and political personnel were more concerned about the food treatment of Gong Delin, and they were very unconvinced, complaining: "They are all prisoners, why is the treatment of officials good?" Another said: "The higher the reactionary office, the greater the crime, the better the treatment; the smaller the crime, the more bitter life." ”
For the complaints of these middle- and lower-ranking prisoners, the reason given by the managers was that these senior generals had paid more attention to their previous lives, and they were generally older, in poor health, and the time for reform was relatively long, and if they were treated as ordinary prisoners of war, it would have a certain adverse impact on their physical health. Most of those middle- and lower-ranking officers are young, in good physical condition, and have a short time to reform, so there is no need to raise their living standards.
When these captured middle- and lower-ranking officers of the Kuomintang army heard that their reform time was shorter, they did not say anything more, because in their eyes, if they could restore their freedom earlier, there would be almost nothing in the better life, so they would not argue about anything later.
In fact, to improve the living conditions of the captured senior generals of the Nationalist army, it is not only because of their age and poor health, but mainly because the influence of these senior generals of the Nationalist army is relatively large, like Du Yuming's son-in-law Yang Zhenning, who is the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, which had a great influence in the world at that time. Later, When Du Yuming fell ill, Premier Zhou used his gold reserves to buy medicine for Du Yuming from Hong Kong and Macau and cured him of his illness.
There are also many senior generals of the Kuomintang army who actually have certain talents, such as Qiu Weida, the last commander of the 74th Army, who was not detained for a long time after being captured in the Battle of Huaihai, and was favored by Liu Bocheng and sent to the Nanjing Military Academy as an instructor. Liu Bocheng said: "The revolution is not divided into front and back, everyone is Chinese, and we should unite with each other." "In addition to Qiu Weida, many Nationalist generals have been assigned to the Nanjing Military Academy as instructors, and they have made great contributions to the regularization and modernization of the Platon Army."