During the Qing Dynasty, there is a different official system from other dynasties, there is no doubt that it is the viceroy, and the feudal governors we mention every day generally refer to the governors of the nine major regions of the Qing Dynasty, and during the reign of Zhili, Liangjiang, Sichuan, and Fujian, the name of the governor is also constantly changing, and everyone has heard the title of the viceroy of Sichuan and Shaanxi in some film and television dramas, and later separated into the viceroy of Sichuan and the viceroy of Shaanxi and Gansu.
In fact, the Governor-General began as a temporary position, or a specific position such as Governor of the River and the Governor of Salt, and later became permanent. When the Qing Dynasty fell, the Nine Governors were undoubtedly the most powerful people at that time, so what was their fate?
Directly subordinate to Governor Zhang Zhenfang
The viceroy directly subordinate to the viceroy was more special among the nine viceroys, generally by the cabinet premier and the Beiyang minister, and these official positions were combined to become the most powerful people inside and outside the imperial court at that time, and the main representative figure was Yuan Shikai.
Yuan Shikai was li hongzhang before that, all of whom were well-known figures, but the last governor directly under the direct subordination was an unknown pawn named Zhang Zhenfang, because the viceroy directly subordinate to him at that time was no longer the prime minister of the cabinet and the minister of Beiyang, and the reason for choosing Zhang Zhenfang was also more special, because he was the younger brother of Yuan Shikai's sister-in-law, and the viceroy directly subordinate at this time was just an excessive candidate chosen to appease Yuan Shikai.
Therefore, Zhang Zhenfang laid the mark of Yuan Shikai, after the Xinhai Revolution, Zhang Zhenfang has been following Yuan Shikai, Yuan Shikai claimed that after the failure of the emperor, he died soon after, Zhang Zhenfang colluded with Zhang Xun of the Braid army, after the failure of Zhang Xun's restoration, Zhang Zhenfang was sentenced to life imprisonment, and then came out of prison for a few days through bribery, and has since withdrawn from Chinese politics.
Zhang Xun, governor of Liangjiang
Zhang Xun this person, everyone is more familiar, he is a die-hard loyalist of the Qing Dynasty, after the Xinhai Revolution, the only unit to retain braids, known as "braided shuai", Zhang Xun was born poor from childhood, although he later gained power and status, but has not forgotten the original.
From his experience and personality, it is completely in line with the traditional Chinese standard of conduct for scholars, but unfortunately, he followed the old ways, drove backwards in society, became involved in the dispute between the government and the courtyard, participated in the restoration, and finally because of his popularity and relationship, he did not get any punishment, and later he has been working as a yugong in the Tianjin concession, and died in 1923, and the bones were moved back to his hometown of Jiangxi, and he was able to return to his roots.
Zhao Erxun, governor of the three eastern provinces
As the land of Longxing in the Qing Dynasty, the status of the Three Eastern Provinces is relatively special, its successive governors are served by important figures in the Eight Banners, and Zhao Erxun, who was born in the northeast, as the last governor of the Eastern Three Provinces, although his power is not as good as that of the Viceroy directly subordinate to him, but his status is undoubtedly the highest.
After the Xinhai Revolution, Yuan Shikai came to power and wanted to reuse Zhao Erxun, but Zhao Erxun's loyalty to the Qing Dynasty was still above the "braided marshal" Zhang Xun, and refused the solicitation of the Beiyang government, so Yuan Shikai asked him to compile a draft of the History of the Qing Dynasty, but unfortunately he died of illness before it was completed.
Many historians have a very good opinion on Zhao Ersun's writing of the Qing history, believing that it is too glorified of the Manchu Rulers, but for Zhao Erxun himself, it is undoubtedly the best ending, for the Manchu Qing rule, burned out the last bit of energy, but also fulfilled his loyalty, even if it is death without regrets, right?
Governor Rui Cheng of Huguang
Rui Cheng succeeded Zhang Zhidong, a famous minister of the late Qing Dynasty, as the governor of Huguang, and it was precisely because of his mishandling that the Wuchang Uprising broke out, when before the uprising, the list of revolutionary parties had been leaked, and there were two choices at that time, either to destroy and appease people's hearts, and then slowly plot against them; or to immediately arrest all the people on the list to eliminate the troubles.
But Rui Cheng only arrested a few people, but caused everyone to endanger themselves, many new army generals and soldiers do not know whether the list is implicated in themselves, so they had to revolt in advance, after the Wuchang uprising, Rui Cheng did not send troops to suppress or martyr the country, but fled to Shanghai, and then ran to Japan, so Rui Cheng still made some contributions to the revolution, it is precisely because of his incompetence that accelerated the demise of the Qing Dynasty.
Subsequently, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown, the Beiyang government came to power, and Rui Cheng returned to Shanghai after the domestic political situation was stabilized, where he died in the concession and died in 1915.
Song Shou, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang
Both Zhang Xun and Zhao Erxun were die-hard loyalists of the Qing Dynasty, but among the martyrs who could martyr the country with their lives, Song Shou was one of the few high-ranking officials in the viceroy category. After the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, the governors and governors of various places became independent, and only Song shou organized resistance.
At that time, the soldiers were unwilling to follow, he issued weapons to women, in the revolutionary wave of the times, Song Shou's behavior was undoubtedly to use the mantis arm as a car, and finally did not want to be captured and humiliated, let alone flee, so he committed suicide and martyrdom.
The Viceroy of Shaanxi and Gansu was promoted
Born in the Eight Banners of Mongolia, Sheng Yun was one of the representatives of the diehard faction, he was conservative in opposing all changes, he was once excluded by the constitutionalists and forced to resign, after the Xinhai Revolution, he returned to the position of governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, preparing to occupy Xi'an to leave a way back for the Qing Dynasty.
Unfortunately, the great cause was not accomplished, the emperor abdicated first, and the Qing Dynasty fell from then on, but Shengyun did not admit defeat, and devoted the rest of his life to the death of the revolutionaries, and in his later years he appeared in Beijing, Tianjin and other places, and was a symbol of the Sect Socialist Party.
Not to talk about the foolish loyalty of Shengyun, but in terms of character and official voice, Shengyun is a clean and honest official, and he is also a capable minister, but it is a pity to drive back the history, and the second half of his life is even more an attempt to restore, on September 18, 1931, Puyi established Manchukuo in the northeast, and shengyun died two days later, which can also be regarded as a laughing nine springs.
Li Jingxi, the governor of Yungui
Li Jingxi was a more complex person, as Li Hongzhang's nephew, he also had a strong background, when he was the governor of Yungui, he founded the Yunnan DaowuTang, Cai Yi, Long Yun and other people mostly came from here, and cultivated many revolutionary parties through his hands.
After the Xinhai Revolution, he directly ran to yuan shikai, and Cai Yi, Li Liejun, and others who were sent out by him quickly occupied Yunnan, and after Yuan Shikai claimed that the emperor had failed, Li Jingxi returned to Shanghai and spent his old age in the concession, and died in 1921, which can be regarded as a good death.
Zhao Erfeng, governor of Sichuan
Zhao Erfeng was the younger brother of Zhao Erxun, the governor of the three northeastern provinces, and at that time, he was the governor of a double department, which can be described as the same for a while; during his tenure in Sichuan, he sent troops to Tibet to suppress the rebellion and safeguard the unity of the motherland, but unfortunately he was caught in the quagmire of the "Road Protection Movement" in Sichuan, and finally he was executed, which cannot but be said to be a pity.
Zhang Mingqi, the governor of Liangguang
The greatest duty of the governor of the two Cantonese regions should be to deal with foreigners, although it is located in a tax-intensive place, but ordinary people are reluctant to come here, and Zhang Mingqi, in order to seduce Yuan Shikai, took the initiative to invite Miao to come to this place of right and wrong, and after the Xinhai Revolution, he even defected to Yuan Shikai.
After Yuan's death, Zhang Mingqi hid in the Tianjin Concession, and after the September 18 Incident, he went back and forth with the Japanese, and finally sold himself to the enemy, becoming a veritable traitor, and died on the eve of Japan's defeat in 1945, without being tried by the people, which cannot but be said to be a pity.