In 263 AD, Cao Wei's three-way army cut down Shu, Deng Ai smuggled Yin Ping soldiers to the city of Chengdu, and under the persuasion of Tan Zhou, Liu Chan surrendered the country, and the Shu state was destroyed. In fact, long before the Wei state cut down Shu, the Shu Han "capitulation factions" such as Chen Zhou, Du Qiong, and Zhang Yu were already in the heart of Shu Han in Wei, and they repeatedly published the theory of subjugation of the country, predicting that the Shu state would surely perish.
Du Qiong - when the Tu Gao Wei Ye
It seems that when liu chan surrendered, everyone's first reaction was to think of Yu Zhou, in fact, in addition to Yu Zhou, there were also many people in Shu Han who were not optimistic about Liu Bei and Liu Chan's father and son at the beginning, such as Du Qiong. Du Qiong, Zi Boyu, a native of Chengdu, Shu County, studied the scriptures with Ren An when he was young, thoroughly studied Ren An's teachings, and became proficient in the study of ChenChenWei. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Zhang, the patriarch, divided the Area of Yizhou and hired Du Qiong as his successor.
In the nineteenth year of Jian'an (214), Liu Bei seized Yizhou, led Yizhou Mu one by one, used Shuzhong talents, and appointed Du Qiong as the deputy cao. Don't look at Du Qiong successively serving Liu Zhang and Liu Bei, but he is actually a hardcore Cao Wei fan, and he has long hoped that Cao Wei can dominate the world.
The Two Han Dynasties and Three Kingdoms have always had a proverb that has been widely circulated, "The One Who Represents the Han Dynasty, When Tu Gaoye", Yuan Shu dared to call himself emperor precisely because of this proverb. Tan Zhou once asked Du Qiong: "In the past, Zhou Zhengjun thought that the "person who was tu gao" was Wei Guo, what was the reason for his thinking so? Du Qiong replied, "Wei, the name of Guan Que, is facing the road and appears towering, and the saints take their analogy and talk about it." ”
Du Qiong asked Tan Zhou again, "Do you have any questions?" Tan Zhou replied, "I failed to understand the meaning." Du Qiong also said: "In ancient times, people did not call official positions 'Cao'; but since the Han Dynasty, they have called official positions Cao, low-level officials 'subordinate Cao', and officials 'Shi Cao'. "When you see these two people singing and harmonizing, what you understand is that it must be Cao Wei who will replace the Han Dynasty in unifying the world!"
Zhang Yu - Liu Shizuo is exhausted
Some of Zhang Yu's Fans of the Three Kingdoms should not be unfamiliar, because Liu Bei rarely ordered the killing of his subordinate. Zhang Yuzi Nanhe, a native of Shu County. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a famous tujuist in Yizhou, he was proficient in using celestial changes to accompany personnel and predict auspiciousness. After Liu Bei entered Shu, he appointed Zhang Yu as Sima of the Rear Department of Yizhou.
In the twenty-third year of Jian'an (218), Liu Bei wanted to compete with Cao Cao for Hanzhong, and Zhang Yu advised: "You should not go to hanzhong, and the army will definitely encounter disadvantages." Liu Bei did not listen to Zhang Yu's advice, and sure enough, he only got Hanzhong but not the people of Hanzhong. The two generals Wu Lan and Lei Tong, who were sent to attack Wudu, were also completely annihilated.
After that, Zhang Yu said to people privately: "The years are in Gengzi, the world is Yi Dynasty, and Liu Shizuo is exhausted." The lord gained the state of Yizhou, and after nine years, yin and yin should be lost. Someone secretly told Liu Bei about his remarks, and Liu Bei arrested him and imprisoned him, and was about to kill him. Zhuge Liang pleaded, and Liu Bei replied, "Fang Lan was born and had to be removed." (The parable of the virtuous man is born to resist and sometimes violate it, and the superior will not tolerate it and will inevitably go away.) ）
Zhang Yu was executed in the downtown area and was violently killed in the streets. Zhang Yu's words and deeds, like Du Qiong's, were saying that the Shu kingdom would perish. For example, "Liu Shizuo is exhausted." The lord won Yizhou, and after nine years, Yin and Wei should be lost", on the one hand, Liu Bei said that Liu Bei's qi was exhausted, and also said that Liu Bei would definitely lose Yizhou, and if I were Liu Bei, I would also directly kill this kind of person.
The "Theory of The Enemy of the State" is the theory of the subjugation of the country
In addition to dubbing and du qiong's explanation of "When the Tu Gao Wei Ye", Yu Zhou also nakedly published the theory of subjugation of the country. According to the "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Du Qiong's Biography": In the fifth year of Jing Yao (one year before the fall of Shu), the big tree in the palace folded itself for no reason, and Zhou was deeply worried, and had nothing to say, but the pillar of the book said: "The multitude is great, and the meeting of the period is given, if it is given, if it is repeated?" ”
"Cao" has the meaning of "many", "Wei" has the meaning of "big", the multitude is large, and everyone in the world will belong to Cao Wei. "Bei" has the meaning of "with" (Liu Bei), "Zen" has the meaning of "to teach" (Liu Chan), with and to teach, Liu Bei has the world, and Liu Chan transferred to others, the Shu kingdom will perish. Later, after the fall of the Shu Han Dynasty, people said that the prophecy of the Zhou Dynasty was accurate (Shu was dead, and Xian took the Zhou Dialect as the test).
At that time, Zhou Zhou and Shangshu Chen Qi had a fierce dispute over Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition, and after retiring from the dynasty, Zhou Zhou wrote the "Theory of National Hatred". In the "Theory of The Enemy of the State", a small country was created by the Yu state and a large country zhaojian, and if you look at the name of the country, you know that the Shu Han Dynasty inherited the last remnant of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it was the country of the Yu, and the Great Wei was the newly created country of the Cao clan, which was the country of Zhaojian. This article has been strongly criticized by successive generations of Orthodox Confucian scholars in China, believing that it is opening the way for capitulationism and losing its integrity.
It can be seen from the place of origin that Du Qiong, Zhang Yu, and Yu Zhou were all native scholars of Yizhou, and these people were dissatisfied with being ruled by Liu Zhang's father and son and Liu Bei's father and son successively, so they rebelled through various "Wei Wei Zhi Xue" and "Theory of The Fall of the Country", and when the Wei army approached the city, Yu Zhou simply jumped out directly to persuade Liu Chan to surrender, which was really a proper surrender faction!
References: Notes on Pei Songzhi in romance of the Three Kingdoms, And Lu Simian in The History of the Three Kingdoms