In the sixth year of Jing Yao (263 AD), Sima Zhao, the actual leader of the State of Wei, sent Zhong Hui, Deng Ai, and others to lead a three-way army to conquer Shu Han in the south. Although Jiang Wei blocked Zhong Hui's army of more than 100,000 at Jiange Pass, Deng Ai successfully smuggled yinping and defeated Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan at Mianzhu, and Chengdu was in danger.
Faced with such a dilemma, Liu Chan summoned his ministers to discuss countermeasures, and the Shu Han main war faction and the main descending faction argued with each other endlessly, and Liu Chan did not know who to listen to. At this time, Guanglu Doctor Tan Zhou put forward 3 reasons for surrender, and Liu Chan finally adopted his opinion after listening to it. What exactly did Tan Zhou say that would make Liu Chan make up his mind to surrender to the State of Wei?
After Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan gradually took sole control of the Shu Han Dynasty, but he also favored the eunuch Huang Hao more, making the phenomenon of Huang Hao interfering in politics more and more serious.
In the fifth year of Jing Yao (262 AD), Jiang Wei saw that Huang Hao was unscrupulously interfering in the affairs of the dynasty all day, and was very dissatisfied and worried about this, so he sent a request to Liu Chan to execute Huang Hao. However, Liu Chan did not agree to Jiang Wei's request, he believed that Huang Hao was just a villain, and there was no need to care too much about his existence. Of course, in order to take care of Jiang Wei's emotions, Liu Chan asked Huang Hao to apologize to Jiang Wei.
Because Liu Chan defended Huang Hao everywhere, coupled with Huang Hao's growing influence in the imperial court, in order to avoid persecution, Jiang Wei chose to go out to rule the army tun tian, and did not dare to go back to Chengdu without anything. It can be seen from here that the situation of eunuchs and officials of the Shu Han Dynasty interfering in the government at this time was already very serious, which also laid hidden dangers for the demise of the Shu Han.
At the beginning of the sixth year of Jing Yao (263 AD), Jiang Wei heard that Zhong Would have gathered a large number of soldiers in Guanzhong, which seemed to show signs of a southern conquest of Shu Han. Jiang Wei told Liu Chan about this one, hoping that he would be able to dispatch troops to prepare for defense. However, Huang Hao believed in the set of ghost god sorcery, and he thought that Cao Wei would not send troops to attack Shu Han, so he asked Liu Chan to let go of a hundred hearts. Liu Chan, who listened to Huang Hao's rumors, did not take this matter seriously, so many people in the Shu Han Dynasty did not know about this matter, which also indirectly accelerated the demise of the Shu Han.
In the summer of the same year, Cao Wei sent Zhong Hui, Deng Ai, Zhuge Xu and others to lead the Three Roads Army to the south to conquer Shu Han, causing a shock in the Shu Han dynasty and the opposition. Liu Chan urgently dispatched troops to defend, among which Jiang Wei led people to block Zhong Hui's more than 100,000 troops at the Sword Pavilion, which thwarted the attack of Cao Wei's southern expeditionary army. Because of the unfavorable attack of many days, coupled with the increasingly prominent problem of lack of grain and grass, Zhong Hui and others wanted to withdraw their troops, and there seemed to be hope for the Shu Han crisis. However, Deng Ai successfully smuggled yinping and led more than 10,000 soldiers straight to Chengdu, causing a panic in the Shu Han dynasty and the opposition. After deliberation, Liu Chan decided to have Zhuge Liang's son Zhuge Zhan lead the last of Chengdu's troops to meet the enemy, but was defeated by Deng Ai, and Zhuge Zhan was also killed in Mianzhu.
Zhuge Zhan's death in battle crushed the psychological defense line of many people, and a pessimistic mood pervaded the Shu Han dynasty and the opposition, and when Liu Chan summoned his ministers to discuss countermeasures, many people wanted to surrender, but the reasons were not sufficient enough to persuade Liu Chan and the main war faction within Shu Han.
At this time, Dr. Guanglu Stood Up and put forward 3 reasons to advocate surrender:
It is not advisable to defect to Eastern Wu, the taste of sending people under the fence is not comfortable, and going to Eastern Wu means surrendering to Eastern Wu, there is no need to do so. Moreover, Cao Wei's strength was far above that of Eastern Wu, the Shu Han dynasty was destroyed, and Eastern Wu could not last long, so would it surrender to Wei again in the future?
Although it is said that the Shu Han Southern Central is easy to defend and difficult to attack, it is not advisable to go to the Seven Counties of the Southern Central. Because the barbarians in Nanzhong have always been disobedient, and now the Wei army is oppressive, maybe Your Majesty will be kidnapped by the barbarians as soon as you pass through Nanzhong, and then they will take your head and go to receive the reward.
If Your Majesty surrenders to the State of Wei, they will certainly treat you kindly, after all, there is still a State of Wu that has not yet surrendered, and the State of Wei will not ignore this.
When Liu Chan listened to Yu Zhou's remarks, he decided to surrender to Deng Ai's army, and even if his son Liu Chen, the king of the Northern Lands, persuaded him to die, he did not change his mind!