In 263, Sima Zhao sent Zhong Hui and Deng Ai to attack Shu Han. Although Jiang Wei told Liu Chan to send heavy troops to guard the dangerous checkpoint, due to the intervention of the eunuch Huang Hao, Liu Chan did not listen. Later, Deng Ai's army directly attacked Mianzhu and defeated the Shu Han army, and the Shu Han capital Chengdu became the treasure of the Wei state. Faced with the Wei army, Liu Chan held a meeting to discuss how to deal with it. The last person's suggestion was adopted by Liu Chan, and this person was Yu Zhou, whose suggestion was to surrender to Cao Wei. Many people couldn't figure out why Liu Chan only adopted Yu Zhou's suggestions. In fact, this identity of Tan Zhou made Liu Chan have to pay attention to it.
First, look at the attitude of shu han's ministers at that time. In the face of Cao Wei's army, the performance of the Shu Han chancellor really exceeded everyone's expectations. The ministers were divided into three main factions, with different opinions, but none of them decided to resist. The first faction fled, fleeing south. Zhuge Liang took control of the south after capturing Meng, where the terrain was rugged and complex, and if he fled here, it was easy to defend and difficult to attack, and he could continue to resist with Cao Wei; the second faction also fled, but fled eastward and fled to Sun Wu. The reason why they came here was because Shu Han and Sun Wu were allied at that time, and the two countries fought against Cao Wei together, and the relationship was not bad. Fleeing here, Sun Wu was very likely to accept himself; the third faction was to surrender, directly to Cao Wei. The representative of the surrender was Yu Zhou.
Faced with the different opinions of the DPRK, Liu Chan finally adopted the opinion of Tan Zhou. The reason why Liu Chan adopted Tan Zhou's opinions instead of other people's opinions is not only related to Tan Zhou's suggestions, but also related to Tan Zhou's identity. On the one hand, the suggestion of Tan Zhou is still more reasonable, on the other hand, the identity of Tan Zhou is more special. It was precisely because of these two factors that Tan Zhou's suggestion could be recognized by Liu Chan.
First of all, take a look at the suggestions of Tan Zhou, and after reading them, you will know why the suggestions of Tan Zhou are more reasonable. Let's first look at how Tan Zhou rejected the proposal to flee to the south. Tan Zhou said that although the terrain in these places in the south is rugged and complex, they are all barbarian lands, and the people living in them are ethnic minorities. These people originally opposed the rule of Shu Han, and zhuge Liang suppressed them by force when he was alive, and these people submitted to Shu Han. It can be said that these people were subordinate to the armed forces of the Shu Han. Now if they fled to the south, these people would know that the Shu Han state was no longer strong, and they would definitely oppose themselves at that time. If Cao Wei continued to attack here, it was very likely that these people would unite with Cao Wei against Shu Han. So if you flee here, failure is inevitable.
Look at how Tan Zhou opposed fleeing to Eastern Wu. Although the relationship between Shu Han and Eastern Wu was good, although Eastern Wu may accept himself, what is his identity after he arrives in Eastern Wu. If Liu Chan was the Son of Heaven, Eastern Wu would definitely not want to, after all, people also had their own Heavenly Son. Taking a step back, even if people admit that you are the Son of Heaven, do you still mean to say that you are the Son of Heaven, and do you have the Son of Heaven under the fence? If you want to go past as a courtier, you are surrendering. With Cao Wei's national strength, after destroying himself, he will definitely destroy Eastern Wu, and Eastern Wu will not be able to confront Cao Wei, and it will be sooner or later that he will perish. When the time came for Eastern Wu to perish again, he would have to surrender to Cao Wei again. This is going to be surrendered twice in a row, which is not even more humiliating.
Seriously, Tan Zhou's rebuttal does make sense. Cao Wei could not be defeated and could only choose other paths. Fleeing to the south and Eastern Wu was unreliable, and could only surrender to Cao Wei. And if he surrendered now, Cao Wei would definitely treat himself kindly. After all, Eastern Wu had not yet perished, and Cao Wei also had to make a show to Eastern Wu. If he did not treat himself kindly, Eastern Wu would definitely swear to resist to the death, and surrender would not end well anyway, and it would be even more difficult for Cao Wei to recover Eastern Wu at that time.
Of course, compared to the rationality of Tan Zhou's suggestion, Tan Zhou's identity is more important. Now let's see what kind of identity Yu Zhou is, which can make Liu Chan pay so much attention.
Tan Zhou, 201 In Xichongguo County, Brazil County, his family was a family of scholars. From an early age, Tan Zhou studied diligently and read a subset of the history of the Scriptures, which had a relatively large influence in the local area. After the establishment of the Shu Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang appointed Zhou zhou as a counselor. This position was mainly in charge of education, and at that time it was not a high position. When Zhuge Liang died, Yu Zhou also went to mourn. At that time, Liu Chan explicitly said that it was forbidden to mourn Zhuge Liang, but Chen Zhou still went alone. This time also made Tan Zhou famous in the Shu Han Dynasty. After that, Yu Zhou was appointed as a scholar, one level higher than the previous persuasion to engage in education, or in charge of education.
When Liu Chan was crown prince, Yu Zhou was transferred to the Prince's Mansion as a servant and then transferred to the family order, a position responsible for educating the prince, or the old line of Tan Zhou. Later, Tan Zhou was appointed as the Zhongsan Doctor and the Guanglu Doctor. Generally speaking, although Tan Zhou was an official, he hardly asked about the government and did not have any great power. But when he saw that Liu Chan was absurd and unscrupulous, he still wrote to Liu Chan and advised Liu Chan to be a Ming jun. Moreover, during Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition, Tan Zhou repeatedly stopped it and wrote the "Theory of National Hatred" to oppose the Northern Expedition.
Seriously, when I saw this, I couldn't see what Zhou Zhou really was, nor did I know his influence. Let's take a closer look at the previous introductions to find some details. First of all, Tan Zhou was a native of Xichongguo County, Brazil County, that is to say, he was a native of Yizhou; secondly, Tan Zhou had been engaged in education and other work, so his disciples were very many, which can be said to be all over the Shu Han Dynasty; third, because Tan Zhou often wrote to advise Liu Chan to be a Ming Jun, and was responsible for educating the prince, his status was still relatively high, and he was admired by many people. These things made Tan Zhou the first scholar in Yizhou. That is to say, he became the representative of Yizhou scholars, and this title made no one in Shu Han dare to underestimate him.
At that time, only rich people could get an education, and ordinary people did not have the money to study. And Yizhou scholars are plainly representatives of those powerful warriors in Yizhou, so it seems that Yu Zhou represents the entire Yizhou shi clan. For Liu Chan, the suggestions of the Yizhou scholars had to be taken seriously.
After the establishment of the Shu Han Dynasty, the entire country's sphere of influence was divided into two parts. The first part is the Jingzhou faction, that is, those families of Liu Bei when he was in Jingzhou, these people all followed Liu Bei to the south and into the north, and were deeply trusted by Liu Bei. The second part is the Yizhou faction, the main territory of the Shu Han is in Yizhou, and the Yizhou faction is the representative of the local people. However, throughout the Shu Han dynasty, The policy of the Shu Han was to suppress the Yizhou faction, so as to better implement the policy of the Northern Expedition. This is easy to understand, the Yizhou faction are all local people, and restoring the Han Dynasty has no impact on them. Moreover, if you have been fighting a war, you will also hurt the people and your money, and it will harm the interests of the people of Yizhou, and they will certainly not be happy. But no matter how Shu Han suppressed it, the strength of the Yizhou faction has always been relatively strong, after all, this is the hometown of the people.
With the development of the Shu Han Dynasty, the influence of the Yizhou faction in the later period became greater and greater, and the yizhou faction's voice in the dynasty also became greater and greater. The suggestions made by Tan Zhou are all supported by the beneficial state faction. To put it bluntly, when Zhou Zhou said that surrendering to Cao Wei meant that the Yizhou faction wanted to surrender to Cao Wei. If Liu Chan had not adopted Yu Zhou's suggestion, the Yizhou faction might not have supported Liu Chan. Without the support of the Yizhou faction, whether Liu Chan fled to the south or Eastern Wu, shu Han would inevitably perish. At that time, Liu Chan's fate may be even worse.
This is why Liu Chan adopted Tan Zhou's suggestion. Seriously, it's not just that what Tan Zhou said makes sense, but the forces behind Tan Zhou are relatively powerful. Of course, when Yu Zhou persuaded Liu Chan to surrender to Cao Wei, some people said what to do if Cao Wei did not treat Liu Chan kindly. Yu Zhou said directly, if Cao Wei did not treat Liu Chan kindly, I would go directly to Luoyang to find their theory. In fact, it was inevitable that Cao Wei would treat Liu Chan kindly, after all, people took the initiative to surrender. Of course, if they didn't treat Liu Chan kindly and Tan Zhou really went to look for it, they might listen to Yu Zhou's words. After all, behind Yu Zhou was the whole of Yizhou, and if they didn't treat Liu Chan kindly, they wouldn't think they could rule Yizhou well.
After Liu Chan surrendered to Cao Wei, Yu Zhou's treatment was not bad. After surrendering to wei, Zhou Zhou persuaded Liu Chan to surrender, "having the merits of the whole country", and after surrendering to the State of Wei, he was given the title of Marquis of Yangcheng Ting and moved to the capital. In 270 AD, Tan Zhou died in the Western Jin Dynasty. We don't have much of an introduction to Tan Zhou in our history books, but there are two students who are very famous. One is Li Mi, who wrote the "Table of Chen Qing", and the other is Chen Shou, who wrote the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".
Resources:
Romance of the Three Kingdoms