【Chairman Mao comments on Lu Xun of the Three Kingdoms】
Lu Xun was a famous figure in the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, who followed Sun Quan for forty years, and was a general in his lifetime, making great contributions to the development of the State of Wu and being praised as "the minister of sheji".
Sun Quan commented on him: "Gongjin is fierce, bold and courageous, so he broke Mengde and opened up Jingzhou, and it is difficult to succeed, and Junjin is succeeding." Xi Yi Yin Long Tang, Lu Shang Yi Zhou, Both Inside and Outside, Junshi and Shi. ”
Luo Guanzhong also commented in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms": "Sitting on the tent and talking about the soldiers according to the six Tao, arrange incense bait to catch whales. Three points is how handsome it is, and it shows that Jiangnan Lu is high. ”
Lu Xun began to follow Sun Quan from the age of 20, but has always been not famous, and only after the deaths of Zhou Yu, Lu Su, and Lü Meng did he take over as the governor of Dadu, so many people think that he is a rising star. This is not the case.
Lu Xun was born in 183 AD, 8 years younger than Zhou Yu, 5 years younger than Lü Meng, and only two years younger than Zhuge Liang, all belonging to the same generation, only because Zhou Yu, Lu Su, and Lü Meng were too famous, Lu Xun has not been able to get the opportunity to play, so he appears obscure.
It was not until the Battle of Jingzhou, the destruction of Guan Yu, that Sun Quan discovered Lu Xun's top talent and began to reuse it, and Lu Xun also began to shine, especially in the Battle of Yiling, which defeated Liu Bei, making Lu Xun's great name spread all over the world, Chen Shou wrote in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu , Lu Xun's Biography": "Liu Bei is a hero in the world, and he is afraid of the first life, Lu Xun is strong in spring and autumn, his prestige is not written, he destroys it, and he is not as good as he wants." To give both the strategy of Qixun and the knowledge of power, so it is also a big thing. ”
Chairman Mao had been familiar with the Three Kingdoms all his life, and he also had a relatively high evaluation of Lu Xun, and he greatly appreciated him, especially the Battle of Yiling, which was very highly evaluated.
In his article "Strategic Problems in China's Revolutionary War," Chairman Mao wrote: "There are very many examples of victories in the history of Chinese warfare in which this principle has been combined, and the battles of Chenggao in Chu and Han, the Battle of Kunyang in the New Han Dynasty, the Battle of Guandu in Yuan Cao, the Battle of Chibi in Wuwei, the Battle of Yiling in Wushu, the Battle of Shuishui in Qin and Jin, and so on are all famous battles in which the strengths and weaknesses of the two sides are different, and the weak ones give way first and then attack the others later, and thus they are victorious. ”
It can be seen that Chairman Mao juxtaposed the Battle of Yiling commanded by Lu Xun with the Battle of Chenggao of chu and Han, the Battle of Kunyang of the New Han Dynasty, the Battle of Guandu of Yuan Cao, and the Battle of Chibi of Wu Wei, all of which are successful examples of "winning more with less and defeating the strong with the weak."
Regarding this great war, Chairman Mao once criticized Liu Bei, saying: "During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei was not good, and he was still the old man who took command. He was certainly not Lu Xun's opponent. He also said: "Initially Lu Xun was a mid-level officer under Lü Meng, and later after Lü Meng became the commander-in-chief, Lu Xun knew himself and knew the other, and he was very good at fighting." ”
In January 1941, the Anhui Incident, which shocked China and foreign countries, caused many people to strongly demand that the Kuomintang reactionaries be punished and avenge the New Fourth Army. Chairman Mao made an analysis from the perspective of the overall situation, holding that the main contradiction at present is still the anti-Japanese resistance, the others are secondary contradictions, and it is necessary to maintain the anti-Japanese united front; therefore, he had a long talk with everyone, saying: "During the Three Kingdoms period, Jingzhou was lost, the Shu army attacked Eastern Wu, and the Eastern Wu general Lu Xun burned the camp for seven hundred miles and was defeated, and the reason for this was that Liu Bei did not handle well the relationship between the main contradiction and the secondary contradiction and did not grasp the main contradiction in his strategy. ”
When Chairman Mao read the "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, WuShu, and Lu Xun's Biography," he read it very carefully and made many annotations.
Before the Battle of Yiling, Lu Xun made a careful analysis of the strength of the enemy and us, and he believed that the Shu army was attacking, long-distance fatigue, logistical supply difficulties, and difficult to maintain for a long time, so he decided to adopt the policy of waiting for work to drag down the Shu army.
At that time, many generals did not understand and insisted on going to war, And Lu Xun said: "Liu Bei is well-known in the world, and Cao Cao is worried. Now in the realm, this strong pair also. The kings and the kingdoms of the Netherlands shall be reconciled, and they shall be reconciled, and they shall report what they have suffered; and they shall not be obedient, nor shall they be so-called. Though the servant is a student, he is ordained to the Lord. Therefore, the state has made the kings and kings look forward to each other, and the servants have the size to be called, and they can bear the burden of humiliation. Leave it at your own pace, and you will not be able to resign! Military orders are constant and must not be violated. ”
After Chairman Mao saw this passage, he commented: "This Sima Yi is the enemy of Kong Mingzhizhiye. This means that Lu Xun's move, like Sima Yi's move against Zhuge Liang, has great wisdom.
After the victory at the Battle of Yiling, many generals had different opinions, believing that they should take advantage of the victory to pursue and take Liu Bei in one fell swoop. However, Lu Xun advocated that the poor should not be chased, and that they should receive what they see.
For Lu Xun's practice, most historians in previous dynasties have given affirmation, such as the Qing Dynasty scholar He Zhuo, who believes: "After the great victory, the arrogant pawn will be lazy, retrospective and upward, and it is difficult to give back, and once there is a defeat, the previous achievements will be abandoned." ”
After seeing this evaluation of He Zhuo, Chairman Mao commented: "He Zhuo's evaluation is reasonable. ”
In the Collected Interpretations of the Three Kingdoms, vol. 58, The Biography of Wu Shu and Lu Xun, the Battle of Yiling is recorded as follows: "(Lu Xun) each held a spear and attacked it with fire. One momentum was formed, and the various armies were attacked at the same time. Beheaded Zhang Nan, Feng Xi, and Hu Wang Sha Moke and other leaders, and destroyed more than forty of their battalions. ”
Many historians have commented on this description, such as Qian Zhenyong, who is known as one of the "Four Great Confucians of Jiangnan", commenting: "Lu Xun broke the ancestors, and there was no other strange strategy, only making the soldiers each hold a spear ear." The first lord and the camp, all cut down the mountain for it, so it is easy to fire; if the earth and stone are for it, why should it be inferior? ”
Chairman Mao did not agree with Qian Zhenjun's appraisal and commented: "Soil and stone cannot last long, and there is not enough grain." It is advisable to go out of the Lishui River Basin and go straight out to the west of the Xiangshui River, because grain is in the enemy's land, and a mobile war is fought, so that the enemy is scattered, and the response is overwhelmed, and it can be broken by each one. ”
Next to this commentary, Chairman Mao added: "Although the number of troops that Sun Quan dispatched to defend against Liu Bei was small, because Lu Xun, who had outstanding military ability, commanded well, on the basis of a more realistic analysis and judgment of the enemy and us, he adopted the policy of avoiding his sharp edge and attacking his laziness, luring the enemy to go deep and attacking people from behind." Actively defend, look for favorable opportunities, change passive to active, seize and exploit the weaknesses of the other side, break the enemy in one fell swoop, and win victory. ”
Chairman Mao's analysis, which has both a strategic height and an environmental analysis, as well as a realistic consideration of the strength of both sides, is far from being comparable to that of "great Confucian" Qian Zhenhao.
In this passage, Chairman Mao also highly affirmed Lu Xun's military ability, believing that Lu Xun's "good command" was the key factor in achieving this victory.
(References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, History of Mao Zedong's Reading, Analysis of Mao Zedong's Reading Notes)
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