Xuan De plotted against Eastern Wu and Lu Xunzhi to defeat the Shu army
Zhang Lan
The Battle of Yiling was the last of the Three Kingdoms and a famous successful example of active defense in Chinese history.
In 219, Eastern Wu captured Jingzhou and killed Guan Yu, and the two countries once again formed a vendetta. In 221 AD, in order to retake Jingzhou and avenge Guan Yu, Liu Bei personally led a large army to attack Eastern Wu despite the persuasion of others.
Sun Quan had no choice but to resist the Shu army on the one hand, and on the other hand, he submitted to the King of Wei to prevent the enemy from both sides.
The Shu army was strong and fierce, and the Eastern Wu Army was defeated and retreated, and the Shu army was like a broken bamboo, advancing two or three hundred miles. Sun Quan appointed Lu Xun as the governor of the capital, with full authority to command the battle, Lu Xun analyzed the Shu army's strength, financial strength, and geographical climate, and ordered the generals to close the pass everywhere, firmly guard the pass, and not take the enemy lightly.
Lu Xun watched from the mountain and saw the Shu army roaming the mountains, and he said to the generals: Liu Bei raised his troops to the east, won more than ten consecutive battles, and his vigor was full of vigor. The royal policy should be observed to see how it changes. Now he is galloping between the plains and the wilderness, and he is proud of himself, but I cannot hold out, and he will not be able to fight, but he will move between the mountains and trees, and I should win with a strange plan.
Liu Bei saw that Eastern Wu was unable to hold out, and led his troops from Wuxia to Xiaoting, to the mouth of the river, seven hundred miles connected to more than forty villages, all by the stream, where the trees were lush. It was the autumn moon, and the sky was dry.
Lu Xun saw that the Shu army had slackened off and was no longer vigilant, so he ordered his generals, each holding a handful of thatch, containing sulfur smoke and smoke, and each bringing fire to Liu Bei's camp and setting fire to the wind. This is the famous "fire company camp". The Shu army was defeated, and Liu Bei led his troops to the White Emperor City.
In the Battle of Yiling, Lu Xun was good at correctly analyzing the military situation, boldly retreating to lure the enemy, concentrating his energy, attacking from behind, taking advantage of his lack of preparation, and skillfully attacking with fire, and finally enabling the Wu army to turn from defense to counter-offensive, and successfully won the battle. Lu Xun was just a scholar, and in the eyes of many doubts, he fought a beautiful battle, fully demonstrating his superb command art and military ability. It also proves to others the fact that "the latecomers are on top" and changes people's directional thinking.
Liu Bei and Guan Yu are brothers and sisters, and Guan Yu's death fills him with hatred, and in the face of hatred, people have zero IQ. Zhao Yun, Zhuge Liang, and others persuaded each other many times, but he did not listen to a word, insisted on going his own way, and personally led the troops to battle. To go to war with anger was the advance of his defeat, that is, he was wrong from the beginning.
At that time, the Shu army was relatively strong, Liu Bei had the confidence of victory, and ventured forward, more than ten victories, which made the army's heart more excited, and Liu Bei himself was a little excited. However, he did not know much about the art of war, did not examine the geographical advantages, and did not change the operational deployment in time when the Wu army stubbornly resisted, and in the rugged area where the troops could not be stretched, he connected seven hundred miles, camped and set up a village, and "wrapped up dangers to block the soldiers." This is a major taboo in the art of war. It was precisely because of this mistake that Lu Xun burned the company camp and turned the defense into a counter-attack, and won the victory.
Luo Guanzhong praised Lu Xun and said: Sit in the tent and talk about the soldiers, according to Liutao, arrange incense bait to catch whales. Three points is how handsome it is, and it is Jiangnan Lu Xungao.
Liu Bei "used soldiers to be old", but "it is better to be a yellow-mouthed widow!" ”
The Battle of Yiling dealt a heavy blow to the newly established Shu Han regime, losing not only a large number of soldiers and financial resources, but also the death of many soldiers. Liu Bei's heart was haggard, new wounds and old hatreds, accumulated into diseases, and finally died the following year, and his death made the Shu kingdom crumbling. There were many rebellions in china, and it took Zhuge Liang nearly five years to rebuild his army and quell the rebellion.
In the nearly forty years after the war, the territory of the three countries remained basically unchanged, the Shu and Wu kingdoms were rebuilt, and the situation between the three kingdoms was stable. Therefore, this battle is considered to be one of the dividing points between the three kingdoms before and after.
About the Author:
Zhang Lan, post-70s, primary school teacher, literature lover.