On January 18, 1919, the victorious powers of the First World War held a meeting in Paris, known in history as the "Paris Peace Conference", and China, as one of the victorious powers, attended the meeting, at which the representatives of the Beiyang government formally proposed to cancel the privileges of the great powers in China, cancel the "Twenty-one" unequal treaty concluded between Japan and Yuan Shikai, and return the rights of Shandong that Japan had taken from Germany during the war.
As the saying goes, "weak countries have no diplomacy", even if our country is a victorious country, under the control of imperialism, they rejected all the regulations proposed by our representatives, and not only that, they forced our representatives to sign a declaration transferring all german rights in Shandong to Japan.
For many reasons, the Beiyang government decided to sign the "agreement", and the news spread to China, and the students were shaken.
Beijing students, workers, patriotic groups from all walks of life, called the Chinese delegation one after another, angrily denouncing the shamelessness of the Japanese and firmly opposing the signing of the agreement by the Chinese representatives.
On May 1, peking university, Beijing higher normal school and other student representatives held an emergency meeting at the Xizhai dining hall of Peking University, and they decided to hold an extraordinary general meeting of all students in the auditorium of Peking University Law And Science on May 3.
At the meeting on May 3, with the consent of the student representatives, the assembly formulated four ways to oppose the signing of the agreement by the Beiyang government:
(1) Unite all walks of life to strive for unanimous efforts;
(b) to electrify the Envoy to Paris and insist on not signing the contract;
(3) Electrifying the provinces to hold demonstrations in commemoration of the National Shame on 7 May 1919;
(4) On the morning of May 4, representatives of beijing higher normal schools, Peking University, China University, and 13 other schools held a meeting at the Fazheng College and decided to hold a rally and demonstration in front of Tiananmen Square in the afternoon.
On May 4, a vigorous student movement broke out, and they marched into the streets with slogans such as "Swear to die and fight to return Qingdao", "Abolish the Twenty-one Articles", "Boycott Japanese goods", "Rather refuse to crush jade than be completed", and other slogans.
In the face of the interception of the military and police, the students rushed to the front desperately, and Xu Shichang, the president of the Beiyang government, ordered the suppression, and the students were not afraid to compromise.
In just a few days, the movement triggered by Beijing students extended to students across the country, Tianjin, Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou and other places, and formed student federations to march and demonstrate in the streets.
Workers' strikes across the country, student strikes, businessmen strike, and the Beiyang government ordered a crackdown, but it triggered a new wave of protests.
As a result, the representatives of the Beiyang government did not attend the meeting to sign, but the great powers insisted on acknowledging the document that China transferred Germany's rights in Shandong to Japan, despite the resistance of the Chinese students.
This "May Fourth Movement" has passed 102 years since today, and whenever I read that period of high passion and humiliating history, there is always a voice in my heart telling me: May Fourth is youth, and the torch has been passed on for a hundred years.
In the student movement, there were many outstanding student leaders, and they all became very influential people, such as the one we want to introduce today, he was the student leader of Peking University, in the May Fourth Movement, he was drafted by the Beijing Student Federation "Declaration on the Beijing Student Circle", his name is Xu Deheng.
Xu Deheng is a native of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, born in 1890, when he was a teenager, Xu Deheng was very intelligent, in the first year of private school, he finished reading the "Three Character Classic" and "Kindergarten Qionglin", and the next year, he began to study the "Book of Poetry" and "Zuo Zhuan" and so on.
At the age of 19, Xu Deheng was admitted to Jiujiang Middle School, where Yang Bingsheng, a geography teacher who had studied in Japan, and Wang Heng, a picture teacher, had a great influence on him.
In 1915, Xu Deheng was admitted to Peking University, where he became acquainted with Li Dazhao and others, at the same time, he also got acquainted with Deng Zhongxia, Mao Zedong and other classmates, the new cultural movement led by Hu Shi was in full swing at this time, Xu Deheng was deeply shaken, participated in it, and publicized revolutionary culture to the masses.
In 1919, Xu Deheng participated in the May Fourth Movement as a student leader, and before the march, he was commissioned by the Beijing Students' Federation to draft the "Declaration of the Beijing Student Community".
After the May Fourth Movement, Xu Deheng went to France to work and study, and what he did not expect was that here, he met the love of his life, her name was Lao Junzhan.
Lao Junzhan is a native of Changsha, Hunan, born in 1900, the Lao family has a very high status in Changsha, Lao Junzhan's grandfather Lao Chongguang was the governor of Liangguang, for this reason, Lao Junzhan's life from childhood is very good, but she did not squander, to waste, but to choose the future of life with her own thoughts.
In 1918, when Lao Junzhan was studying at Hunan Zhounan Middle School, he was deeply influenced by the principal Zhu Jianfan to carry out the women's liberation movement, where Lao Junzhan also met a close friend of his, she was later known to our party, Cai Chang.
Lao Junzhan also participated in the May Fourth Movement, and was also a member of the Xinmin Society founded by Chairman Mao, and at the end of 1919, she went to Paris, France, to study, mainly in science and mathematics.
In 1921, Cai Yuanpei went to Europe, met Lao Junzhan and introduced her to Xu Deheng, Cai Yuanpei said that he hoped Xu Deheng could help Lao Junzhan learn French, and Xu Deheng immediately agreed to come down.
Xu Deheng originally had a wife, but his wife died in 1915, Xu Deheng was very sad, unwilling to mention marriage again, so he also changed his own word to "Chu monk", once, when he wrote to Lao Junzhan, he added the word Chu monk, Lao Junzhan looked at it, changed the monk to "sheng", she confessed her admiration to Xu Deheng.
In 1924, Lao Junzhan was admitted to the University of Paris to study science, here, she had a very well-known physics teacher, she is Marie Curie, the great Marie Curie is deeply respected by scientists around the world, and she personally trained few students, the only Chinese student, is Lao Junzhan.
In 1925, through the mediation of Cai Yuanpei, Xu Deheng and Lao Junzhan were officially married, and after marriage, they had a daughter named Xu Luxi.
In the 1930s, when Xu Deheng was invited to teach at Peking University, he met a good friend Deng Yijing, the two had a good relationship, often walked back and forth, and the children of the Xu family and the Deng family also knew each other.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the children of the Deng family went to southwest United University to study, and after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he returned to the Department of Physics of Peking University as a teaching assistant, where he met a beautiful and quiet girl named Xu Luxi.
Love began like this, this Deng family child, is our household name of the great scientist, Deng Jiaxian.
In 1950, Deng Jiaxian, who returned from studying in the United States, threw himself into the scientific cause of the motherland, and three years later, through the matchmaking of his eldest sister Deng Zhongxian and Xu Luxi's mother, Lao Junzhan, Deng Jiaxian married Xu Luxi.
In 1958, Liu Jie, deputy director of the Second Machine Department, approached Deng Jiaxian and said: "The state wants to put a 'cannon battle,' and he asked Deng Jiaxian if he wanted to participate in this highly confidential work."
Deng Jia first said I would.
After that, Deng Jiaxian devoted all his energy to the cause of nuclear physics in the motherland, and for this reason, he was unfortunately exposed to nuclear radiation.
When the newspaper successfully exploded in 1964 was published, Xu Deheng was communicating with Yan Keats, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and when he saw this exciting news in the newspaper, he proudly said to Yan Keats: "This loud sound in the East really shocked the world... Brother Keats, you are the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who has such a great ability to get the atomic bomb out, the people of the whole country have to thank him! ”
Yan Keats was happy for Xu Deheng's surprised expression of "in the dark" and said excitedly: "You, still ask me?" You should ask your son-in-law, he is the chief designer of the theoretical design of this atomic bomb! ”
Hearing Deng Jiaxian's name, Xu Deheng was very pleased: "If you have a son-in-law like this, what regrets do you have for your husband?" ”
Because of the secrecy of the work, Xu Luxi never knew the specific work of her husband, but she supported it unreservedly, and on June 24, 1986, with the consent of the Central Military Commission, Deng Jiaxian's "work" was finally "out of the water", and the People's Daily and the People's Liberation Army Daily published a long report on the front page of Deng Jiaxian.
This long-form report introduces the glorious years when Deng Jiaxian and his lover Xu Luxi spent 28 years in anonymity, worked hard, and dedicated his life to the motherland in order to develop China's atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and other nuclear weapons.
The people of the whole country were shaken.
A month later, Deng Jiaxian died of severe bleeding from the terminal stage of cancer, and before he died, Xu Luxi held her husband's hand tightly, and she said sadly: "Jiaxian, your blood is gone!" ”
When he learned of Deng Jiaxian's death, his father-in-law Xu Deheng was deeply saddened: "I am extremely sad that Jiaxian has passed away! ”
To all the scientists who have contributed to the new China, the highest respect!