The merit cannot be resisted, and the work cannot be concealed.
Many people who have read the novel "Red Rock", watched the movie "Eternal Life in the Fire", and the TV series "Liberation of the Great Southwest" have left a deep impression on the artistic image of "Two-Gun Old Lady". But if you carefully examine the relevant deeds of this image, there is indeed a dazzling feeling, northeast Anti-Japanese, Eastern Sichuan guerrilla, and finally shot, how is this life trajectory connected?
It is not surprising that this sense of chaos arises, because in the artwork, there is more than one famous "two-gun old lady" of that era. The two-gun old woman who shot the traitor Fu Zhigao and was very happy in "Red Rock" and "Eternal Life in the Fire" is based on Chen Lianshi, Deng Huizhong, Liu Longhua and other female members of the Communist Party's Huaying Mountain guerrilla group. The two-gun old woman in "Liberation of the Great Southwest" is based on Zhao Hongwenguo, a guerrilla leader who was anti-Japanese and anti-communist in the later period.
Hate the buds of the invaders
Zhao Hongwenguo was a Manchu yellow flag bearer, born in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province. Her original surname is Hong, and Zhao Zi is the husband's surname after marriage. Before the Japanese invasion, the Zhao family was considered a solid family and had presided over the establishment of a local primary school.
At the time of the "9.18" great change in 1931, Zhao Hongwenguo had already passed the age of Huajia, but their family still threw themselves into the action of resisting the Japanese Kou. Her third son, Zhao Dong, ran around, giving speeches and propaganda, and finally pulled up a "young iron-blooded army"; Mrs. Zhao herself sold her property for funds, personally purchased items for the team, and used her own mansion as a stronghold to collect Japanese and false intelligence.
In the book "People's War" written by Israel Epstein, the details of Mrs. Zhao's purchase of weapons and delivery of supplies for the Predator Army are recorded. Born in Poland, Epstein has long written reports for the United Press, The New York Times and other media, adhering to the third-party perspective of sympathy for China's anti-aggression war, and the author also has deep respect for the behavior of this Chinese old lady.
In 1934, the Japanese army discovered that the Zhao family mansion was an important stronghold of the Predator Army, so a fire burned the sixteen ancestral houses of the Zhao family to ashes. In August of that year, zhao hongwenguo's family of six, who were temporarily living in Zhao jiabaozi, were arrested by the Japanese puppet army and imprisoned; at the same time, the Zhao family was arrested, and more than 300 villagers were implicated.
During his imprisonment, the Japanese and puppets coerced and seduced Mrs. Zhao and sought "cooperation", but Zhao Hongwenguo was unusually stubborn and unmoved. If it were not for the fact that Zhao Dong had caught the traitor Jiang Renjie at this time and forced the Japanese and the puppets to exchange hostages, the end of the old lady Zhao would most likely have been secretly executed by the puppet army.
The family business was destroyed, nine died in their lives, and the Zhao family's hatred for the Japanese Kou was further deepened. After escaping from prison, Zhao Hongwenguo continued to devote himself to the cause of resisting aggression, and his son Zhao Dong later became the commander-in-chief of the Anti-Japanese Iron Blooded Army. By the time the War of Resistance broke out in 1937, the force had grown to more than 20,000 men and had achieved the feat of shooting down a sun plane for the first time.
Actively resist japan and resist cultural aggression with education
In the action of resisting the invasion of the Japanese army, the mother and son of Mrs. Zhao attached great importance to the role of propaganda, culture and education. Zhao Tong was able to speak eloquently, often giving public speeches and publicizing, evoking people's hatred for the Japanese and patriotic blood. Zhao Hongwenguo also bought printing machines and printed a large number of anti-Japanese propaganda materials and disseminated them widely.
In addition, in the anti-Japanese iron-blooded army they formed, students accounted for a large proportion and had a high cultural quality. At that time, the educational environment in The Northeast was not optimistic, and the Kwantung Army implemented enslavement education in the three eastern provinces, prohibiting elementary school students from learning Chinese, but must learn Japanese.
In order to resist aggression on the battlefield of education, the Predator Army also attached great importance to the teaching of culture, and Zhao Hongwenguo also took out his family property, rebuilt the Zhao Jiabaozi Primary School damaged in the war, and personally taught Chinese at the school. Later, for the safety of his family, Zhao Hongwenguo took his family to Beiping and continued to publicize the anti-Japanese resistance and collect guns and ammunition. Years of persistent anti-Japanese actions have made her famous, and people always refer to her as "Old Lady Zhao".
However, at this time, whether Zhao Hongwenguo already had the nickname of "Two-Gun Old Lady", there is no strong evidence. Whether it is the northeast period, the Beiping period, or the later south to Wuhan, the west into the capital, the media propaganda and photos of "Old Lady Zhao" have left a lot, but the "double gun" explicitly mentioned is basically completely impossible to find. Therefore, some people also believe that zhao Hongwenguo is good at double guns, which is actually the artistic processing of the movie "Dawn Gunshot", but with the spread of her deeds, people inevitably confuse historical truth with artistic creation.
It was also during this period that the troops led by Zhao Dong were incorporated into the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region of the Eighth Route Army, and Zhao Dong was appointed commander of the independent fifth detachment, and Zhao Hongwenguo's position was chief of staff. However, the joint anti-Japanese stance did not bridge the huge differences in the two concepts, and after that, the Mother and Son of the Zhao family fled Chongqing one after another, and the swords and soldiers turned against each other, and the seeds had been planted at this moment.
Transformed, under the command of the Kuomintang
In 1938, Zhao Dong broke with the Eighth Route Army and fled with only a dozen of his cronies. At that time, Zhao Hongwenguo was honored as a guest of honor by the National Government in Wuhan, and the inscriptions of the Three Sisters of the Song Clan, He Xiangning and other celebrities in the female circles praised her as "the model of women in the country" and "the mother of the nation", Chen Jiageng and Lu Zuofu deeply welcomed her, Feng Yuxiang praised her as "a heroine among women", and Bing Xin and Tao Xingzhi co-edited "Old Lady Zhao" to praise her contributions in the War of Resistance.
After zhao's mother and son went to Chongqing, they were personally received by Chiang Kai-shek. According to legend, Jiang Gong once wrote an inscription for Mrs. Zhao as "Mother of guerrillas", and there are rumors that the two became brothers and sisters. In addition, Jiang gave Zhao Tong the title of major general commander of the "Second Road Appeasement General Headquarters of the Jireliao Border Region" (both in rank and rank, much larger than the commander of the detachment appointed by Nie Rongzhen), and he immediately entered the party and government class of the Central Training Corps for training.
However, at the end of 1939, Zhao Dong died in the battle with the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army in the context of friction between the Kuomintang and the Communists, and his sister Zhao Zhili was also killed. At this point, the hatred between Mrs. Zhao and the CCP escalated to the highest point, but there was no direct conflict. After that, Mrs. Zhao devoted herself to the care and return of the martyrs of the Anti-Japanese Army, and in 1948, the newspaper had a report entitled "The Mother of the Guerrillas Has Meritorious Resistance to Resist The War of Resistance is Now Hungry", which shows that her own life is not satisfactory.
However, when a million male divisions crossed the river and attacked and defended the situation, Jiang Gong remembered this old lady known as the "mother of guerrillas". Chiang Kai-shek appointed his fourth son, Zhao Lianzhong, as "commander of the Second Road Appeasement Column of the Southwest Anti-Communist Guerrilla Army", and gave them money and guns to pull the troops and fight guerrillas.
Five days before the liberation of Chongqing, Chiang Ching-kuo personally received them; even before Chiang Kai-shek went to Taiwan, he still did not forget to leave a handwritten message to Zhao Hongwenguo, asking her to "rise up the spirit of resisting Japan, carry forward the guerrilla experience, and expand the anti-communist army in Sichuan, Dianqian... Rejuvenate China and establish new merits."
With the revenge of losing her son and daughter, and the support of Jiang Gong, Mrs. Zhao quickly recruited troops in Chongqing and began to carry out activities in the red and white field of Shifang, Sichuan. As for this old lady who had anti-Japanese seniority and united front experience, He Long, commander of the Southwest Military Region, specifically instructed her to do her best to win and not let her embark on a dead end. To this end, the People's Liberation Army has sent people to persuade many times, promising not to blame the past, and often leaving room for contact and fighting, and not chasing and fighting hard.
However, Mrs. Zhao once again proved her hard-line style, and the bandit style she practiced was completely put herself in opposition to the people- her son and son-in-law were willing to choose the path of surrender and uprising, and it was she herself who resolutely refused. Not only that, but she also killed more than 200 grain collectors and peasant masses close to the Communist Party in 10 days, and instigated the killing of representatives of the People's Liberation Army who negotiated with the Kuomintang 16th Corps.
In 1950, in the battle to lead a team to attack the county seat of Shifang, Mrs. Zhao absconded in defeat and was quickly captured by the bandit forces. Because of her popularity, Premier Zhou called from Beijing, hoping that Nian nian would be able to keep people under the knife for the sake of the anti-Japanese and state-owned merits. However, she was too angry with the local people, especially the more than 200 families behind the victims, and was eventually sentenced to death and executed.
After Mrs. Zhao's mother and son were executed, Chairman Mao personally instructed them to treat their families well, and Zhao Lianzhong's wife and children were released and later went to Hong Kong without a trace. Throughout Zhao Hongwenguo's ups and downs in his life, there was merit in resisting Japan, and there was nothing to criticize in the general national righteousness; however, during the civil war, he was confined to Jiang Gong's "grace of knowing and encountering", stubbornly stood on a chariot that went against the tide of history, and even more, raised a butcher's knife against the peasant masses who were also Chinese. The merits and demerits of this have to be divided into two to be clear.