History has its own life, it is like a person, both easy-going and self-respecting. ——Yu Qiuyu
In June 1929, more than 4,000 officers and men of the 7th Mixed Brigade of the HuangYin River Defense Army of the Sichuan Army revolted in Pengxi County, Sichuan, forming the First Route Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in Sichuan and establishing the first Red Regime in Sichuan. The leader of this uprising was Kuang Jixun, who was then the brigade commander of the 7th Mixed Brigade, and Kuang Jixun also became a middle and senior officer on the Kuomintang side of the second uprising, second only to the later founding marshal He Long (who was the commander-in-chief of the Second Front army of the National Revolutionary Army and the commander of the Twentieth Army at the time of the Nanchang Uprising).
At that time, he was the commander of the 7th Mixed Brigade of the Jiang defense army, Kuang Jixun
Kuang Jixun, born in 1897 in Sinan County, Guizhou Province, attended a private school for three years as a teenager. In 1916, Influenced by revolutionary ideas, Kuang Jixun chose Togawa Congrong, a year when he was 19 years old. Because of his bravery in combat and good at strategy, in just a few years, he was promoted from an ordinary soldier to platoon commander, company commander, battalion commander, and regiment commander, and in 1925 he was promoted to the commander of the fourth brigade of the second division of the Jiangfang Army. In 1923, in order to resist Wu Peifu's invasion of Sichuan, Kuang Jixun's department was assigned to the command of Liu Bocheng, a famous general of the Sichuan Army at that time. During his time with Liu Bocheng, Kuang Jixun not only made greater progress militarily, but also came into contact with Marxism-Leninism and gained a deeper understanding of it. At the end of 1926, Kuang Jixun gloriously joined the Communist Party of China.
On June 29, 1929, under the leadership of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee, Kuang Jixun, then commander of the 7th Mixed Brigade of the Jiangfang Army, led more than 4,000 people to raise the banner of "The First Route Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in Pengxi County, Sichuan" and declared an uprising. The rebel army captured the county seat of Pengxi and established the first red regime in Sichuan, the "Pengxi County Soviet Government". Later, due to the multi-way encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang army, the disparity between the enemy and our forces was too great, and the rebel army was defeated.
Commemorative map of the Pengxi Uprising
After the failure of the uprising, Kuang Jixun was escorted by the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee to work in the Shanghai Party Central Committee in the autumn of 1929, and became a famous general under the leadership of Zhou Enlai. While working in Shanghai, Kuang Jixun joined the "Hoe Gang" led by Chen Geng and personally killed the traitor Bai Xin. Later, at one chance, Kuang Jixun, armed with two guns, taught The leader of the Green Gang in Shanghai, Jin Rong, a lesson with a precise marksmanship, and saved the Party Central Committee a major trouble in Shanghai.
Two-gun General Kuang Jixun
In the spring of 1930, Kuang Jixun was sent by the Party Central Committee to Honghu Lake as the commander of the Red Sixth Army. Under the leadership of military commander Kuang Jixun and political commissar Zhou Yiqun, the Red Sixth Army repeatedly surprised soldiers, won victories one after another, and opened up a large area of revolutionary base areas. The Red Sixth Army also rapidly grew from more than 5,000 people to more than 12,000 people in a very short period of time. Later, according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Kuang Jixun handed over the Red Sixth Army, which he had personally developed, to the commander of the regiment, He Long, and in November 1930, he came to work in the Eyu-Anhui Revolutionary Soviet Zone.
Zhou Yiqun, political commissar of the Red Sixth Army
In January 1931, the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was established, with Kuang Jixun as the commander, Yu Dushan as the political commissar, and Xu as the former chief of staff, with more than 12,500 people in the whole army. After serving as a military commander, Kuang Jixun resolutely implemented the strategic principle of "developing outward and seeking opportunities to annihilate the enemy in the course of the movement" put forward by the CPC's Eyu-Anhui Special Committee. Under the joint research and discussion with other leaders Zeng Zhongsheng, Xu Xiangqian, Cai Shenxi, and others, the Red Fourth Army formulated three new tactics, namely: first, the tactic of encircling points to attack reinforcements; second, the tactics of tunnel blasting; and third, the tactics of drifting. Under the rational use of the new tactics, Kuang Jixun commanded the Red Fourth Army to win victories in the battles of Mojiaolou, Xinji, and Shuangqiao Town, and completely smashed the first encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang army.
Xu Xiangqian, then chief of staff of the Red Fourth Army
In April 1931, the Kuomintang dispatched 130,000 heavy troops to launch a second encirclement and suppression campaign against the Eyu-Anhui Soviet Region. In the face of the enemy's large troops pressing in, Kuang Jixun led the main force of the Red Fourth Army to the east into western Anhui, and in the Battle of Dushan Town on April 25, he defeated the 46th Division of the Kuomintang Army in one fell swoop, annihilated more than 2,000 enemy troops, and captured more than 1,800 long and short guns. At this time, the Kuomintang army found that the main force of the Red Fourth Army was in western Anhui and hurriedly assembled in western Anhui, while Kuang Jixun led the main four regiments of the Red Fourth Army to quickly advance west to return to the revolutionary base area in Eyubian, and on May 9, he defeated the kuomintang army Li Yunheng's division of the lone army moving south in Huwan, killing and wounding more than 1,400 enemy prisoners, capturing more than 1,000 long and short guns, and winning the second anti-"encirclement and suppression" struggle in the revolutionary base area of Eyu-Anhui.
In July 1931, Kuang Jixun was expelled and attacked for resolutely resisting Zhang Guotao's left-leaning wrong line behavior, and was removed from his post as commander of the Red Fourth Army and demoted to the commander of the Red Thirteenth Division. Under such circumstances, Kuang Jixun still did not care about personal gains and losses, put the overall situation first, actively cooperated with the main forces in combat, and repeatedly repelled the enemy's encirclement and suppression of the base areas.
In September 1931, the Red 25th Army was established in Mabu, western Anhui Province, and Kuang Jixun was appointed as the commander of the army. On November 10, the Red Twenty-fifth Army and the Red Fourth Army were merged to form the Fourth Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Xu As the former commander-in-chief and Kuang Jixun still serving as the commander of the Red Twenty-fifth Army.
After the establishment of the Red Fourth Front, Kuang Jixun led the Red Twenty-fifth Army to participate in the Battles of Shang (Cheng) Huang (Chuan) and Sujiabu, and made important contributions to smashing Chiang Kai-shek's third "encirclement and suppression" of the revolutionary base areas of Eyuwan.
In June 1932, the fourth encirclement and suppression began. Kuang Jixun led the first unit of the Red Twenty-fifth Army and the county independent regiment, and less than 3,000 people, under the wrong instructions of Zhang Guotao, to hold the county seat, because the enemy was outnumbered, Huoqiu County was easy to attack and difficult to defend, and was finally breached by the Kuomintang army. In this battle, Kuang Jixun was shot with seven knives, and several Red Army soldiers desperately defended him and took him out of the city. Zhang Guotao heard that Kuang Jixun had lost Huo Qiu, so he wanted to take this opportunity to shoot him for the crime of losing the city and lost land, and under the intercession of Xu Xiangqian and other comrades-in-arms, Kuang Jixun was able to save this life, but the post of military commander was revoked and Cai Shenxi took over.
In December 1932, when the Red Fourth Front army was moving westward to Xiaohekou in Chenggu County, southern Shaanxi, Kuang Jixun, Zeng Zhongsheng, Yu Dushan, and others waged a resolute struggle against Zhang Guotao's paternalistic style and the erroneous line of "left leaning", and prepared to reflect Zhang Guotao's erroneous behavior to the central authorities, forcing Zhang Guotao to convene a meeting of cadres at and above the division level on December 10, at which Kuang Jixun promoted Wang Ming's "left" mistakes, implemented a patriarchal leadership style, and the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign against Zhang Guotao. After the defeat, the endless and endless westward transfer and other issues were severely criticized. This incident laid the groundwork for the later killing of Kuang Jixun.
In December 1932, the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces was established in Tongjiang County, Sichuan Province, and Zhang Guotao appointed Kuang Jixun as its chairman. After serving as chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of Sichuan and Shaanxi Province, Kuang Jixun immediately dispatched thousands of cadres from the Red Fourth Front to carry out the agrarian revolutionary movement in northern Sichuan, and at the same time prepared grass-roots party organizations and Soviet power at all levels.
In May 1933, Kuang Jixun led the 12th Division of the Red Fourth Army to participate in the Battle of Kongshanba, making outstanding contributions to smashing the "three-way siege" of the Sichuan-Shaanxi revolutionary base area by the Sichuan Army. Soon after, Zhang Guotao arrested Kuang Jixun, then chairman of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Provisional Revolutionary Committee, on charges of "Kuomintang reorganization faction" and "rightist", and in June 1933 secretly killed him at the age of 36 in Hongkouchang, Tongjiang County.
Kuang Jixun Martyrs Memorial Hall
Although Kuang Jixun's life was short, he was infinitely loyal to the party, obeyed the party's arrangements, worked hard and complained, and made outstanding contributions to the construction of the army and the cause of the liberation of new China.