Recently, the Department of Culture and Tourism of Guangdong Province announced the list of recommended projects in the eighth batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage representative projects. A total of 12 representative intangible cultural heritage projects in Guangzhou have been selected.
Guangdong Province announced a total of 42 newly selected projects and 73 expansion projects. The reporter learned from the Guangzhou Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center that 12 of them in Guangzhou are Hakka Mountain Song (Guangzhou Hakka Mountain Song), Lion Dance (Guangzhou Awakening Lion), Carp Dance (Conghua Aquarium Dance), Cantonese Embroidery (Guang embroidery), Chinese costume making technology (nail gold embroidery skirt making technology), Cantonese wax flavor production technology, Liangguo production technology (Cantonese liangguo production technique), Traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment (muscle bone homotherapy), acupuncture (Lingnan flying needle therapy), traditional Chinese medicine preparation method (two-day oil production technique), Guangfu tea drinking customs, Dragon Boat Festival (Chebei Dragon Boat Scene).
Traditional music
Hakka Mountain Song (Guangzhou Hakka Mountain Song)
Hakka mountain song is a folk song sung by the Hakka people in the Hakka dialect, is the oral literature of the Hakka people, it is rich in the language characteristics of the Hakka people, the local life atmosphere is strong, is an independent branch of folk songs. Hakka mountain songs evolved with the formation of hakka folk lineages, and the lyrics are similar to bamboo branch words, influenced by Jiangnan Wuyin. In the Ming Dynasty, Hakka people came from northeast Guangdong, and Hakka mountain songs also followed, began to be sung in Yangcheng, and integrated into the cultural characteristics of Guangfu. Hakka mountain songs are sung in Yuexiu District, Tianhe District, Huadu District, Huangpu District, Zengcheng District and Conghua District in Guangzhou.
Traditional dance
Lion Dance (Guangzhou Lion Awakening)
After the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, with the migration of the Central Plains to the south, the lion dance culture was introduced to the Lingnan region. It is now popular in Guangdong and Guangxi, and spread to Southeast Asia and Chinese-inhabited areas. Awakening the lion is a cultural activity that integrates martial arts, dance, music, etc. Performances can be divided into three categories: wen lions, martial lions and leo cubs. Wen Lion performs meekly and kindly, Wu Lion shows bravery and fierceness, and Leo Is a young lion, who is cute and cute, and generally performs with Wen and Wu Lion. Skills include going out of the cave, going up the mountain, patrolling the mountain to meet the lion, picking green, entering the cave and so on. Since ancient times, the awakening lion is considered to be an auspicious thing, and whenever there is a festival or a major event, there will be a lion awakening to help it, which will flourish for a long time and be passed down from generation to generation.
Carp Dance (Conghua Aquarium Dance)
The Aqua Dance is a folk dance that is passed down from the Caotang Society in The Hot Spring Town of Hua District. There are ponds in many places in Caotang Society, and farmers spontaneously organize teams to perform aquatic dances with fish, shrimp, crabs and mussels as the main body in order to pray for smooth wind and rain and abundant grain. Rich in color and diverse forms, the Aqua Dance is usually invited by neighboring villages to attend the activities of praying for the arrival of festive and auspicious and lucky, and is now a mass cultural and entertainment activity, often performing in teams during the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and celebration gatherings. The aquarium dance has been circulating in the local area for more than 200 years, and has high historical value, humanistic value and artistic appreciation value, and is deeply loved by the people.
Traditional fine arts
Cantonese embroidery (Cantonese embroidery)
Guangdong embroidery refers to the folk embroidery craft that spreads in Guangzhou and its ancient territories of Nanhai, Panyu, Shunde and other places, and is one of the four famous embroideries. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the rise of Guangzhou's international trade status, a large number of embroidery products have been exported. Wide range of embroidery varieties are complete, according to embroidery materials, there are mainly four types of velvet embroidery, gold and silver thread embroidery, thread embroidery and bead embroidery. Wide embroidery stitching method is changeable, needle steps are uniform, can skillfully use the texture of stitching silk expression image, pay attention to embroidery stitching technology; a wide range of themes, especially good at expressing Lingnan style objects, such as lychee, red cotton, birds, etc.; rich in color, full composition, strong decoration.
Traditional craftsmanship
Chinese costume making technique (nail gold embroidered skirt making technique)
The technique of making gold embroidered skirts is the technique of hand-making wedding dresses using the gold and silver thread embroidery method of wide embroidery. During the Ming Dynasty, Guangzhou already used nail gold embroidery to make dresses; in the Qing Dynasty, nail gold embroidery gradually shifted from palace tribute to folk wedding dresses. The technique of making gold embroidered skirts and gowns, including gold embroidery and skirt making. Nail gold embroidery is a unique embroidery method of Extensive embroidery, mainly gold and silver thread, paved or stacked on silk red satin, and then used embroidery threads of different colors to nail the gold and silver threads firmly, in order to express the color, light and shade of the object and its characteristics, stitching method includes flat embroidery, winding embroidery, convex embroidery based on seven categories of sixty kinds. The whole set of skirts is generally composed of nine embroidery pieces of different parts, and the composition themes are diverse, mostly based on dragons and phoenixes, lined with auspicious patterns such as pomegranate flowers, auspicious clouds, and carp.
Cantonese-style wax flavor making technique
Cantonese-style wax flavor selection of superior materials, exquisite craftsmanship, beautiful appearance, with lustrous color, mellow and fragrant, delicious taste, thin and crisp skin and sweet, resistant to storage characteristics and deeply loved by the public. The Cantonese-style bacon production process is quite strict: pork selection only uses hind leg meat and fatty meat, and the wine is made of pure rose dew wine, which is strictly controlled by "filling (full), pouring evenly, and tying tightly". In addition, self-dried soy sauce and dark soy sauce are also used to make the wax taste really have the taste, flavor and aroma. The production of sausages can be subdivided into several processes such as meat cutting, enemas, drying, and finished products.
Cold fruit making technique (Cantonese-style cold fruit making technique)
Cantonese-style cold fruit is a licorice cold product with various fresh fruits as the main raw material. During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, Guangzhou has formed a cold jam business industry. Cantonese-style cold fruits can be made by soaking, cooking, fermenting and drying, and are divided into dry and wet methods. After making the cold fruit, it generally maintains the whole fruit, and the surface is dry or salty. Its taste is sweet, or sweet and sour, or slightly salty, the flavor of the original fruit is still there, it can quench thirst, appetize and consume food, and has the effect of nutrition and health care. Cantonese-style cold fruits have the characteristics of long fragrance retention time, natural ingredients and rich varieties.
Traditional medicine
Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment (Musculoskeletal Therapy)
Musculoskeletal therapy is an effective TCM diagnosis and treatment method explored by the Lingnan TCM group in the process of diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal diseases, and is an important branch of the Lingnan TCM bone injury school. The therapy originated from the traditional bone injury technique of traditional Chinese medicine, laid the foundation of He Zhulin, the representative figure of Lingnan Orthopedics in the Republic of China period, and the inheritance and development of Deng Jinfeng, and was comprehensively and systematically summarized and improved by Xu Xuemeng, and has now been passed down to the fifth generation. Guided by the theory of "equal emphasis on bone and muscle", the musculoskeletal therapy method attaches importance to the diagnosis and treatment of bones and joints while paying attention to the prevention and treatment of the surrounding tendon and flesh tissues of the affected part, emphasizing the need to carry out the overall treatment of musculoskeletal co-treatment as soon as possible, forming the core content of the three aspects of the three-position "positive" chiropractic technique, the musculoskeletal co-treatment exercise method and the internal and external treatment.
Acupuncture (Lingnan Flying Needle Therapy)
Lingnan flying needle therapy is based on the four major elements of "theory, law, square and technique", emphasizes the overall concept of acupuncture, takes the opening of the second pulse of Ren Dou as the treatment method, inherits and develops three characteristic acupuncture techniques, focusing on the frustration of the fingers, the elasticity of the fingers, the flipping force of the wrist, the swinging power of the arm, of which the flipping force of the wrist is the essence, and the flying needle uses a very characteristic flip wrist rotation technique to quickly and painlessly stab the needle into the body treatment part, so as to achieve the purpose of shallow thorn tempering, opening up ren dou, and straightening out the three focal points. A large number of clinical cases have proved that the efficacy of intractable diseases such as cerebral palsy, stroke hemiplegia and facial paralysis in children is remarkable.
Traditional Preparation Methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Two-Day Oil Making Technique)
Ertian Oil was created by Wei Shaobo in 1915, and its name is derived from "Early Learning Qionglin". The two-day oil product is a brown-red clear liquid, brown through red, with mint aroma, lingering fragrance; suitable for mosquito bites, colds and flus, boats and cars dizziness or heat stroke abdominal pain and other symptoms, with swelling and itching, refreshing the mind, dampness and pain relief and other functions. On the basis of retaining the ancient method of Lingnan black oil, Baiyun Mountain Constellation Two-Day Oil ensures the maximum reduction of the ancient black oil process and its utility by formulating two-day oil quality standards and updating the preparation process, which improves the overall quality level of the product and reflects the effective combination of traditional Chinese medicine technology and modern technology.
folk custom
Cantonese tea drinking customs
The custom of drinking tea in Guangfu refers to a series of life customs with morning tea drinking as the core that originated, developed and spread in the Guangzhou area and radiated to the Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong and Macao regions and overseas Canton cultural areas. With the emergence of the predecessors of modern tea houses during the Xianfeng Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, "Yili Hall" and "Erli Hall", the custom of drinking tea in Canton gradually became a common practice. People go to the tea house to drink tea, accompanied by dim sum, Feng Zemei dim sum fragrant cake, Jane is "one cup and two pieces". At present, the tea house industry in Guangzhou is very prosperous, and the famous tea houses are Tao Tao Ju, Lian Xiang Lou, Guangzhou Restaurant, Panxi Restaurant, etc., and cantonese-style tea is very exquisite, with thousands of varieties. In addition, tea ceremonies and customs such as asking for tea, pouring tea, performing "tea percussion ceremony", uncovering the lid and renewing the water, and stamping the dim sum single seal are also formed. The custom of drinking tea in Guangfu is unique in China's food culture system and is one of the main manifestations of Cantonese culture.
Dragon Boat Festival (Chebei Dragon Boat View)
Dragon boating is a traditional water folk custom associated with the Dragon Boat Festival. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the official and non-governmental Dragon Boat Race in Guangdong was already common. In 1994, the Guangzhou Municipal People's Government officially designated the Dragon Boat Festival as the Dragon Boat Festival. At present, the traditional folk dragon boat activities are mainly spread in Tianhe District, Liwan District, Haizhu District, Panyu District, Zengcheng District, Huangpu District and other places in Guangzhou. Guangzhou dragon boat customs (from April to May of the lunar calendar every year) mainly include dragons, green picking, taking advantage of the scenery, fighting marks, eating dragon boat meals, sending dragons, etc., dragon boats are made of teak or Pontianak wood, about 20 meters to 30 meters long, including dragon heads and dragon tails, and are equipped with gongs, drums, bunting flags, luo umbrellas, etc.
Text/Guangzhou Daily, Xinhuacheng reporter Bu Songzhu correspondent Chen Hao
Photo: Courtesy of Guangzhou Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center
Guangzhou Daily New Flower City Editor: Xie Yufen