Edit | Yu Bin
Produced by | Chaoqi Network "Yu see column"
During this year's National Day, I believe that many owners of new energy vehicles have experienced charging for an hour, queuing for several hours of embarrassment, related topics are also popular all over the major social media sites, the statistics of the State Grid show that on the first day of the National Day, the charging capacity of facilities along the highway exceeded 1.4 million kWh, close to nearly 4 times the usual electricity consumption, 3 days before the National Day, the total charging capacity of the State Grid increased by nearly 60% year-on-year, and the charging capacity of facilities along the highway increased by 56.52% year-on-year. The charging capacity of urban charging facilities increased by 75.23% year-on-year, and the sharp increase in electricity consumption brought a lot of service pressure to charging facilities on the one hand, and on the other hand, it was also a big test for the daily operation and maintenance and emergency service capabilities of highway management departments and charging service enterprises.
With the help of the east wind of new energy, the development of charging piles is accelerating
In the next few years, with the gradual withdrawal of traditional fuel vehicles from the market, new energy vehicles will also fly more into the homes of ordinary people, the current domestic new energy vehicle ownership has approached 7 million, of which this year's newly registered new energy vehicles reached nearly 2 million, but compared with the total number of domestic 300 million car ownership, it is obviously far from the gap.
In the next ten years, even if the total number of cars is no longer increasing, just replace the traditional fuel vehicles with electric vehicles, according to the existing proportions to convert, it also requires the number of charging piles that are at least several times larger than now to provide corresponding services, such as the data of the Shanghai Municipal Communications Commission, the total amount of charging of public and private charging piles in the city each year has been growing by leaps and bounds, and the electricity consumption in 2018, 2019 and 2020 is 200 million kWh, 402 million kWh, and 606 million kWh. Therefore, in the future, small charging piles will be like the current gas stations, all over the city and countryside, streets and alleys, which can not only ensure the normal operation of the national economy, but also an important facility to maintain the well-being of the people.
In recent years, the number of enterprises related to charging piles has shown a rapid growth trend, data from Industrial Securities shows that from 2016 to 2020, the registration growth rate of domestic charging pile enterprises every year is more than 30%, and the number of new enterprises added last year is close to 30,000, which is nearly 6 times that of 2015, and the number of enterprises increased in the first half of this year alone reached more than 20,000, an increase of nearly 160% year-on-year. Correspondingly, the total number of domestic charging piles is also constantly increasing, until now, the domestic highway supporting the charging pile service area has more than 2,000, the number of charging piles has reached more than 10,000, the total amount of charging infrastructure in the country exceeds 2 million, on average, 3 vehicles have 1 charging pile, even so, it is still difficult to alleviate the charging anxiety of electric vehicle owners.
Xiao Zhao works in Beijing, he has to spend a few hours a day to go back and forth between the third ring road and Tongzhou, in order to commute conveniently, he bought a new energy vehicle, the mileage of this car is about 350 kilometers, charged with 1-2 times a week, probably can be used for a week, the use cost is about 1 cent per kilometer, much lower than the traditional fuel vehicle, a month down the charging cost between 100-200 yuan, he feels that daily use is still more convenient, but also unlimited number, But if you run a long distance, the endurance of the car is a bit insufficient.
Especially in many places in the field of charging piles are insufficient, the distribution is not reasonable, in the place of large traffic flow, charging piles are obviously not enough, queuing charging often have to wait for one to several hours, in the process of queuing he does not dare to go to the bathroom, sometimes according to the navigation to find some of the charging piles can not be used for various reasons, some although can be used but the charging speed is very slow, charging a battery even needs to wait for a few hours, like this year's National Day in the return of the tour, friends who drive fuel cars have arrived home, their cars have not been charged, Usually Xiao Zhao will often check the power, try to charge at home before going out, try not to charge outside, Xiao Zhao smiled and said that he can pay attention to the power at any time, understand the charging pile information, and reasonably plan the route is the professional quality that an electric vehicle driver must first have.
The Matthew effect is gradually emerging, and several major problems need to be solved urgently
At present, the various enterprises engaged in charging pile services have gradually opened up the rank, there are more than 10 enterprises operating the number of charging piles in more than 10,000 units, in the head enterprises, both the national team represented by the State Grid, The Southern Power Grid, the number of operating charging piles is 196,000 units, 41,000 units, there are also star charging, special call, cloud fast charging and other private power equipment enterprises, the number of operating charging piles are 221,000 units, 227,000 units, 82,000 units, as well as Tesla, BYD and other vehicle manufacturers.
This year's capital market is also surging and investment is continuous, such as Star Charging after obtaining the B round of financing, the valuation of the enterprise is 15.5 billion yuan, Cloud Fast Charging has completed the B1 round and B2 round of financing, Trident's subsidiary Telai has introduced the strategic investment of a number of enterprises through capital increase and share expansion, as a new outlet in the field of new energy that the capital market is optimistic about, "Yu See Column" believes that the charging pile industry is encouraged by national policies and the blessing of various capitals. In the next few years will usher in a new round of explosive growth cycle, especially in recent years, the sales volume and ownership of new energy vehicles have shown a rapid growth trend, which directly affects the surge in vehicle electricity consumption and the substantial increase in charging frequency, but there are still some own and structural problems in the charging pile industry, mainly reflected in the following aspects:
First, the number of charging piles can not meet the needs of the use of new energy vehicles, in recent years, although all places are vigorously promoting the construction of vehicle charging infrastructure, but in the traffic density areas, urban hotspot areas, highways along the area, urban and rural combination areas, the number of charging piles from the actual needs and expectations of consumers There is still a certain gap.
Second, the layout of charging piles is not reasonable enough, in some remote, small traffic areas, the use of public charging piles is low, and the charging demand in hot spots is relatively large, these areas are facing the problem of insufficient number of charging piles, and the contradiction between supply and demand is particularly prominent when the traffic flow of the long holiday is suddenly increased.
Third, as an important supplement to the public charging pile, the installation rate of private charging piles in the community is not high, which is mainly due to the limited conditions in all aspects of the old community, the new community does not reserve the installation conditions according to the requirements or does not support the construction of charging pile facilities that meet the standards, and the property does not cooperate during the installation process.
Fourth, because the charging standard and charging interface have not yet been completely unified, there is still a situation where the interface between the charging pile and the new energy vehicle is incompatible, and in the first- and second-tier cities where the land is scarce and the land resources are limited, this situation will undoubtedly reduce the effective utilization rate of charging pile resources.
Fifth, there are still some charging piles due to daily maintenance is not in place, into the unusable "charging device", which will more or less affect the use efficiency of charging piles and the use experience of car owners, the current shanghai more than 100,000 public or private charging piles, long-term do not suspect zombie piles accounted for about 27%, of which more than half of the special charging piles.
In addition to accelerating the layout, it is also necessary to benefit from refined management
"Yu see column" believes that today's new energy vehicle field is overcoming various technical problems on the way forward one by one, from the dream of full popularization is no longer far away, and the biggest obstacle restricting new energy vehicles to truly enter thousands of households in the future is probably a small charging pile in our eyes, for example, according to the planning of the Ministry of Transport, by 2025, the coverage rate of domestic highway fast charging facilities will reach 80%, which does not include vigorously improving the city. The coverage of charging facilities in a wider area such as rural areas, so the follow-up construction and operation and maintenance work is still a long way to go.
On the one hand, in order to optimize and improve the efficiency of the use of charging piles, the first is to establish a unified standard, reasonable layout, scientific and perfect charging service network, the relevant departments can rely on big data analysis and auxiliary decision-making technology, master the market demand data that can solve the problems such as where to build, how much to build, etc., such as a public DC fast charging pile in Shanghai, the average daily utilization rate of a public DC fast charging pile is about 4%, which is equivalent to 1 day's use time of 1 hour, electricity consumption of about 50 degrees, and according to estimates, A charging pile can be charged about 100 degrees a day to achieve breakeven, charging about 200 degrees per day can recover the cost within 3 to 5 years, and the time to recover the cost by charging about 300 degrees per day can be shortened to less than 3 years, so the current charging pile in the city is still in a state of overall loss.
And the ratio between Shanghai's new energy vehicles and charging piles has reached 1.2:1, the daily charging transaction orders are more than 20,000, from the number of charging piles and transaction volume, the city's charging piles can basically meet the daily use needs, this aspect of the achievements in the country are counted as one of the few levels, but the average use rate of the city's charging piles as a whole can not reach the standard of balance of payments, which shows that the city's charging pile layout is not scientific and reasonable enough, there is still a relatively large room for improvement.
And like Shanghai such a first-tier city is still so, the situation in other cities is probably not optimistic, so after the establishment of the database, in addition to continuing to increase the construction of public and private charging piles and continuously optimize the layout, you can also rely on information and analysis technology to further optimize and instantly match the charging pile resources and user needs, the owner is guided to the nearest, the least queue of charging pile location, so that on the basis of existing resources, to bring the best experience to the owner.
On the other hand, for some charging piles in the case of being built and no one managing, the relevant departments can introduce some quantitative rules and measures, or with the help of corresponding technical means, strengthen supervision and management in this regard, encourage service providers to do their best to provide high-quality operation and maintenance services, and at the same time time time clear unqualified service providers and their zombie piles, to ensure that limited space resources can play the greatest role, such as 5 years ago Shanghai built a charging and replacing facilities public data collection and monitoring municipal platform, All public charging piles in the city are required to access this platform according to the requirements, and through this platform, zombie piles that cannot be used can be found and removed in time.
Now many cities have subsidies for the construction of charging piles for enterprises, subsidy standards are issued according to the number of charging piles, so some companies only pay attention to the number of charging piles, and have established a lot of low-cost AC slow charging piles, some charging piles have not even been used for electricity, so the corresponding charging pile acceptance and operation standards also need to be further improved, such as Shanghai divided subsidies into equipment subsidies and operating subsidies a few years ago, after the completion of charging piles, enterprises can obtain equipment subsidies. The standard is equivalent to 30% of the purchase cost of the equipment, during the operation period, the enterprise can receive operating subsidies, the standard is 2 corners per kilowatt hour of electricity for public charging piles (1000 hours per year), and 1 corner of electricity per kilowatt hour for special piles (2000 hours per year).
In May last year, Shanghai canceled 30% of the equipment subsidy, so that the focus of the subsidy of charging piles from heavy construction to heavy operation, and Shanghai also stipulates the scoring criteria for operation, the score of 60 points, 75 points or more or more enterprises can get subsidies of different grades of 2 corners, 5 corners or 8 corners per kilowatt hour, such a set of combination punches down, it basically puts an end to the phenomenon of only building without maintenance or fraudulent subsidies, but also can force enterprises to find ways to improve the level of operation and service quality.
In addition, it is worth mentioning that with the rapid development of battery technology in recent years, electric vehicles with long mileage have gradually become the mainstream of the market, if the AC slow charging pile is used to charge the car, it will take at least a few hours to more than ten hours to charge the car, almost no one will have the patience to wait in public places for so long, so the current utilization rate of AC slow charging pile facilities is extremely low, such as 20% of the DC fast charging pile in Shanghai City contributes more than 90% of the charging capacity, The charging efficiency of 1 DC fast charging pile is about equal to 15 AC slow charging piles, so accelerating the elimination of these low utilization rate AC slow charging piles can save valuable urban land space resources and further improve the overall utilization rate of urban charging piles.
epilogue
With the continuous improvement of the penetration rate of new energy vehicles, the number of charging piles is insufficient, uneven distribution, maintenance is not in place and other issues are becoming increasingly prominent at present, which may become the biggest unfavorable factor for the full popularization of new energy vehicles, only when we effectively solve the charging problem of electric vehicles, can we on the one hand let car owners use it comfortably, rather than worrying about the remaining power from time to time, on the other hand, it can also make more people who have not yet purchased new energy vehicles feel at ease. Thus laying a solid foundation for the full popularization of new energy vehicles.