Go, go to Beijing to catch the exam: keep a cool head in the face of victory, the chairman is really a great man of eternity!
Xibaipo, the holy land of revolution
On January 31, 1949, Peiping was peacefully liberated and the Pingjin Campaign ended, and the Party Central Committee headed by Mao Zedong decided to set the capital of the soon-to-be-established new China in beiping.
Beiping has a very long history as the capital of a regime, long before the famous ancient capitals of Chang'an and Luoyang. As early as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was the capital of the Yan State, and then it was the capital of the Liao State, after the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao, it was called the Zhongdu, which was also the capital of the Jin Kingdom, and more than a hundred years later, the Yuan Dynasty unified China, and the capital was the capital, and the location of the capital was basically in the Beiping area. The capital of Beiping really became a big country during the Ming Dynasty, after Ming Chengzu Zhu Di took power from his nephew, moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, Tianzi Shubian, a very strategic move that allowed the Ming Dynasty to maintain stability for at least two hundred years.
Since then, people have become accustomed to Beijing as the capital of China, and the subsequent Qing Dynasty entered the customs and still fixed the capital in Beijing, and after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the capital of the Beiyang government was still Beijing, and it was not until many years later that the Nationalist government moved the capital to Nanjing. Beijing has only ended its history as the capital of a great power and changed its name to Beiping.
Forbidden city
Now, the three major battles have ended, the Chiang family dynasty has exhausted its strength, and the newborn China is ready to emerge. Mao Zedong and the Party Central Committee decided to make the capital beijing. In March, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee, which is of great significance in the history of the Party, was held, and the resolution was made: the focus of the Party's work should be strategically shifted, that is, from the countryside to the city. This is a turning point of great epoch-making significance, which means that Mao Zedong's strategy of "encircling the city from the countryside" with great forward-looking significance has been successfully completed many years ago, and now we are going to march into the city!
On March 23, 1949, Mao Zedong led the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from Xibaipo Village, Pingshan County, Hebei Province, to Beijing. Xibaipo is the de facto third "red capital" after Ruijin and Yan'an, and since leaving Yan'an in 1947, the Party Central Committee has been stationed in Xibaipo to direct the national liberation war for more than two years.
Before leaving, Mao Zedong said to Zhou En: "Today is the day to enter Beijing, go, go into Beijing to rush to the examination!" ”
Zhou Enlai responded: "We should all be able to pass the exam, not return." ”
Mao Zedong said: "If you retreat, you will fail." We should never let Li Zicheng, we all hope to get good results in the exam. ”
Li Zicheng, the king of the invasion
It is extremely rare that the two supreme leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China kept their heads cool when they were about to win a nationwide victory and did not get carried away by this great victory unprecedented in Chinese history. There are too many examples in history of failure to maintain sanity in the face of victory, and the expansion of the mind that leads to tragic defeat. From Chen Sheng, Wu Guang, to the Huangchao Uprising, from Li Zicheng's Great Shun Dynasty to Hong Xiuquan's Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, there has never been a shortage of similar reincarnations in history, which are repeated every few hundred years.
In fact, at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC Central Committee a few months ago, Mao Zedong very predictably sounded the alarm bell for the whole party in a timely manner ideologically, reminding the whole party to prevent the arrogance and complacency that would arise with the nationwide victory; at the same time, he also put forward new topics and tasks for the CPC as the ruling party; and demanded that the vast number of cadres of the whole party must continue to keep a sober mind and maintain the fine tradition and style of arduous struggle after winning the great victory.
Mao Zedong said: "Because of victory, the pride in the party, the mood of self-esteem as a hero, the mood of pausing and not seeking progress, the mood of coveting pleasure and not wanting to live a hard life anymore, may grow." At the same time, he also pointed out: "We must ensure that comrades continue to maintain a modest, cautious, non-arrogant, and impatient style, and that comrades continue to maintain a style of arduous struggle." ”
Guo Moruo
Faced with the possibility of being attacked by the enemy's sugar-coated shells, Mao Zedong said unusually firmly: "We will not do Li Zicheng!" On the way to Beijing, he mentioned a very famous article: "Jiashen Three Hundred Years Festival".
This is the handwriting of Guo Moruo, Mao Zedong's comrade-in-arms and literary friend, an outstanding cultural warrior, and a cultural figure who can be as famous as Lu Xun. The "Three Hundred Years of Jiashen Festival" was first written in 1944, when it was the three hundredth anniversary of the fall of the Ming Dynasty, Guo Moruo had the feeling to write this eloquent article, intending to analyze the historical reasons and lessons of how Li Zicheng, who destroyed the Ming Dynasty, did not keep a clear head in the face of victory and eventually died. Mao Zedong greatly appreciated this article, and Yan'an serialized it in the "Liberation Daily" and asked all party members to study it carefully as an important document for rectification.
When a nationwide victory was about to be won, Mao Zedong put forward this article precisely to remind the broad masses of party members and cadres that we must keep a sober mind in the face of victory and that we should not be Li Zicheng. After entering Beijing, Li Zicheng was carried away by the temporary victory, forgetting that although he occupied Beijing and the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself, there were still powerful remnants of the Ming Dynasty, especially the Qing cavalry under the leadership of Dolgun, who was looking at the tiger outside Shanhaiguan under the leadership of Dolgun, and wanted to enter the customs at any time to establish national rule. At this time, above the throne of the Forbidden City in Beijing, a sword of Damocles was hanging high, and it would fall at any time, making the person sitting on the throne look different!
The first pass in the world: Shanhaiguan
But Li Zicheng could not see this, and after invading Beijing, Li Zicheng's peasant rebel army became a ragtag bunch of people who were initially poor and rich, short-sighted, greedy for pleasure, and plagued the people, completely unaware that the remnants of the Ming Dynasty might make a comeback, let alone that Dolgun outside Guanwai was a vicious wolf that could pounce at any time. Once Wu Sangui opened the gate of Shanhaiguan and the Manchu iron horses swarmed into the pass, Li Zicheng was immediately helpless, and the million-strong army suddenly collapsed, not only ceding the emperor's throne that was not yet hot to Dorgon, but finally giving up his own life, and the lament of The Nine Palaces Mountain in Hubei became the song of the most famous rebel leader in history.
Mao Zedong's re-mention of Li Zicheng and the re-mention of the "Three Hundred Years of Jiashen Festival" were aimed at warning all comrades in the party that the alarm bells would sound for a long time and seize the national power, but the Long March had completed the first step, and everyone must guard against arrogance and impetuosity, and meet new challenges with an entrepreneurial mentality.
Koshin 300-year festival
On the afternoon of the day of departure from Xibaipo, Mao Zedong and the central authorities arrived at Gaobeidian and listened to ye Jianying, the first mayor of Beiping, on the arrangements for entering Beiping, and Zhou Enlai personally inspected the preparations for entering The Pingli Column. On the morning of March 25, Mao Zedong and other central leaders stepped onto a special train into Ping, and at 8 o'clock in the morning, with the order of Zhou Enlai, the train slowly started. The train, carrying Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, and other leaders of the CPC Central Committee, rolled forward and passed through Fengtai Station, Guang'anmen Station, and Xizhimen Station, and arrived safely at Tsinghuayuan Station at 11:00 a.m.
In the afternoon, Mao Zedong and other leaders held a military parade at Xiyuan Airport, marking the official entry of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China into Beiping. On the evening of the same day, Xinhua News Agency issued a broadcast to the outside world: Chairman Mao of the Party Central Committee arrived in Beiping in victory! After this, Chairman Mao's temporary office was not set up in Beiping City, or in the Shuangqing Villa in Xiangshan, and later moved to Zhongnanhai. After the official capital of New China, Beiping changed back to its original name Beijing, and the ancient city began to breathe new vitality.
Artistic image of the five secretaries