This year marks the 1,000th anniversary of the birth of Wang Anshi (1021-1086).
There are two popular sentences among the literati of the Song Dynasty, one of which is: "The Article of Dongpo is wonderful." The other sentence reads: "Jing Gong is absolutely wonderful in the world." The former praised Su Dongpo's article as the best in the world, and the latter praised Wang Anshi's absolute sentence as the best in the world.
Speaking of the last sentence, most people will think of Li Bai, Wang Wei, Wang Changling, Liu Yuxi, Du Mu and so on in the Tang Dynasty. Of course, they are all masters of chinese history, so who is it for the Song Dynasty after them? Counting your fingers, I'm afraid it's just Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You, and Yang Wanli. Among them, Wang Anshi is the earliest recognized master of absolute sentences, and can also be said to be the first master of the two Song Dynasties after the Tang Dynasty masters.
There are five absolute and seven absolute sentences, and most people are longer than the seven absolutes but not longer than the five absolutes, such as Wang Changling, Liu Yuxi, and Du Mu, and there are many famous articles, and the five famous articles are relatively few. In the Tang Dynasty, those who achieved outstanding achievements in the five and seven masters were the first to recommend Li Bai and Wang Wei, and Yu was not arrested. The situation in the Song Dynasty was similar, Su Shi, Lu You, Yang Wanli and other seven famous articles are many, five absolute few, and the five absolute and seven can be written brilliantly, outstanding achievements and many famous articles, when the first to recommend Wang Anshi. The Ming Dynasty poetry critic Hu Yinglin once said: "The introduction of five or seven words is absolute, the contemporary common push, and the special work wins the ear." ”
Although Wang Anshi was a master of poetry in the Song Dynasty, and his ancient style and rhythmic poems were both good at all aspects, and there were many excellent works in the Seven Laws and Five Laws, and his achievements were also very high, judging from the surviving Poems and Notes of the Song Dynasty, the most talking pieces involving his poems were still mainly concentrated on his absolute sentences, almost 78 out of 10. For example, Wang Zhifang said in his "Poetry of Wang Zhifang": "Jinggong's small poems are interesting in heaven", and cites Wang Anshi's five absolutes: "I can't bear to look at each other, and the twilight tide is flat." If you want to work together more, Yuemingzhou Nagisa. The poem commented, "This is a natural pleasure." "Originally at the water's edge dock was to send off friends, the result of looking at each other, even can not bear to break up, but hand in hand under the moon walk, together to enjoy the moon night under the scenery of the continent, the machine is not out, natural and interesting, ancient is rare. His "Nanpu" poem: "Nanpu goes with the flowers, and the way back to the boat has been lost." Dark incense is nowhere to be found, and the sunset paints the west of the bridge. "In just two crosses, the plot is tortuous, vivid and confusing, and it is also very interesting.
Wang Anshi's Book of "The Will of the Lengyan Classics" Volume (Partial)
When it comes to the plum blossom poems of the Song Dynasty, the Song people always like to compare Lin Kui and Wang Anshi with the two poems, in fact, Lin Kui's "Thin Shadow Horizontal Horizontal Water Is Shallow, Dark Fragrance Floating Moon Dusk" Is beautiful, but it is the Seven Laws, Wang Anshi's "Plum Blossom" is five absolute: "There are several plum branches in the corner of the wall, and Ling Han opens alone." Haruka is not snow, for there is dark incense to come. Both of them write plum incense in "dark incense", which is similar to the same work. However, Wang Anshi's absolute is closer to Wang Wei's absolute flavor. The two poems are classics written about plum blossoms and have been circulated to this day. In addition, Wang Anshi's "On the River", "In the Mountains", "Moling Daozhong", and "Title Qi Anbi" are all five masterpieces, all of which are between Wang and Meng, "Fang Qi wears people's clothes", "Mai Sheng Yi Xi Yun", "away from love is crossed by the flute, blowing through the chaotic mountains", "Attentive will be white hair, get off the horse and illuminate Qingxi" and other sentences, all of which are high-profile and elegant, meaning timeless and admirable.
Speaking of Wang Anshi's seven masterpieces, the first thing that always comes to mind is "a thousand doors and thousands of households on the day of the dawn, always exchange the new peach for the old charm" in "The First Day", or the famous sentence "Spring Breeze and the South Bank of the Green River, When will the Bright Moon Shine on Me" in "Berthing Guazhou". Of course, these poems are popular, the tone is loud, and they have their own advantages, but the best of them are not here. The sentences in "Spring Night" that "spring color is annoying and can't sleep, and the moon moves on the railing" are obviously better, while the seven absolutes such as "North Mountain" and "Mr. Yin Wall of The Book Lake" are obviously better. In particular, in the two sentences in "North Mountain", "Count the fallen flowers and sit idle for a long time, slowly search for herbs to return late", Ye Meng can be "but see Shu idle and idle with it... Its intention is also profound." Later, on this basis, a Mr. Donghu wrote two sentences: "The fine drop of plum flowers can be counted, and the slow walk of herbs is late", and smugly titled himself in the poem: "Jing gong absolute sentence wonderful world." The old man's sentence, the evil of the occasional? The evil of stealing? Later generations thought that this was not stolen, but after all, it was written under the inspiration of Wang Anshi's wonderful sentence. According to Hu Yinglin's "Shi Xue", four of the seven poems of the Song Dynasty were masterpieces that were "commonly known" at that time, and one of them was Wang Anshi's "North Mountain".
Yang Wanli is most famous for his absolute sentences, and is a master of absolute sentences in the Southern Song Dynasty, but he also has to admit in the "Chengzhai Poetry": "Five or seven words are the least, and the most difficult to work, although the author is also difficult to four sentences are all good." The Late Tang Dynasty and Jiefu worked best here. After citing The Absolute Sentences of Li Shangyin and Du Mu, he quoted Wang Anshi's Four Songs and Seven Absolutes, thinking that "not reducing the Tang people." I also thought that "the water world firewood is half open" a song, "four sentences are good". Although Hu Yinglin believes that Wang Anshi's "seven words are absolute, and the Song tune is forked", in the author's opinion, his sentences such as "a water protecting the field will be green, and the two mountains will be lined up to send green", "When the sunny day is warm and the wind is full of wheat, and the green yin and the grass is victorious over the flowers", all of which are quite similar to Tang yin, especially in the late Tang Dynasty, not similar to the Song tone, really do not reduce the Tang people's absolute sentences, comparable.
Wang Anshi's "Passing Thesis"
In ancient China, there was also a kind of six-word sentence, the author was few, Wang Wei, Liu Changqing, Liu Yuxi were all masters of them, and there were not many works. Wang Anshi is also a master of it, the Song Dynasty Cai Juhou "History of Poetry" recorded, the Sanzu Mountain Golden Bull Cave landscape is extremely beautiful, Wang Anshi special inscription six unique poems: "The water is swill and goes north, and the mountains are surrounded by jingjing." Looking for a source of poverty, he could not find it, but he hoped to return empty. Later, when Huang Tingjian came here, he also imitated Wang Anshi's six poems, and some people commented: "Although the language is strange, it is not as natural as jinggong." Hu Yinglin also believes that Wang Anshi's poem is "transcendent and transcendent, unique from the Song style." However, it is rare." Su Shi, who was a Hanlin Day, invited his disciples to gather at the Taiyi Palace, saw the two poems written by Wang Anshi, chanted them again and again, and then said to Huang Tingjian: "Only your pen is within reach of the seat." Even if it is reachable, there will be no Jinggong's freedom. ”
Although he once held a prominent official position, Wang Anshi still maintained the habits of many literati, liked to visit and visit the former residences of celebrities, and left some poetic works wherever he went. For example, he had come to Shanghai before his death, and when he visited Huating, he wrote poems such as "Cold Cave Spring" and "Lu Ji Zhai", and the "Wang Wen Gong Anthology" was not yet contained, even as Wang Anshi's poems, they were quite precious. What's even better is that when he was in Songjiang, he also wrote a famous seven-piece poem, which is the second of the two songs of "Songjiang": "When you come, it is like going to the sky, and when you want to come, you are already confused." Only the Matsue Bridge was launched, and the ruthless long was sent to the boat. The poem deliberately uses the words "when coming", "going", and "coming", which appear repeatedly to show the frequency of sending guests, containing the feeling of sending people to farewell, but with a light tone, outlines the unique style of the Songjiang River at that time when the water and sky are colorful, and the boat crosses the bridge. There are not many famous poems written in Songjiang in ancient times, but this can be compared with Liu Changqing's "Songjiang Alone" and Liu Yuxi's "Songjiang Sending Places to The Prefecture Xi Envoy Jun", which are equal to each other.
It is precisely because Wang Anshi has achieved outstanding achievements in the field of absolute sentences, and can control the five, six, and seven absolutes, and has many famous articles, so he has won a round of applause from the people of the dynasty. Zeng Jihu's "Poetry of Boat Zhai" said: "The absolute sentence is two wonderful, Du Muzhi of the Tang Dynasty, and the Jing Gong of this dynasty, these two people." Although this statement is biased, it also shows the lofty status of Wang Anshi's absolute sentence in the eyes of the people of this dynasty. Yan Yu was also unequivocal, and said clearly in the "Canglang Poetry": "The gong absolute sentence is the highest, and its pride is higher than that of Su and Huang." It is also believed that Wang Anshi's absolute sentence has achieved the highest achievement among the Song people, and its good absolute sentence is above Su Shi and Huang Tingjian, which can be described as a hammer.
Because Wang Anshi has a lot of absolute sentences written in his later years, he has no hesitation and ambition and fierce ambition when he was a teenager, and most of them are his life's perception or open-minded and detached side, although the realm is high, sometimes accompanied by some leisure and leisure, so Yang Wanli once said humorously: "The mid-levels of absolute sentences should be eaten." ”
Author: Sun Qin'an
Editor: Wu Dongkun
Editor-in-Charge: Shu Ming
*Wenhui exclusive manuscript, please indicate the source when reprinting.