December 19, 2021 is the 1,000th birthday of Wang Anshi, a politician, writer, thinker and reformer during the Northern Song Dynasty.
Portrait of Jing Gong, Su Shi's authentic handwriting, Huang Tingjian's calligraphy, famous inscriptions... With the opening of the "A Thousand Years of a Moment - Special Exhibition on the 1000th Anniversary of Wang Anshi's Birth", a piece of national treasure-level cultural relics was assembled and carried out for the first time in the Jiangxi Provincial Museum. As the first celebrity-themed original exhibition in the new museum of Jiangxi Province, the exhibition brings together fine products from inside and outside Jiangxi Province, covering more than 150 inscriptions, calligraphy, ancient books, and tuoben. Among them, the original "Su Shi XingShu Dongting Zhongshan Erfu Scroll" borrowed by the Jilin Provincial Museum was only exhibited for 20 days, and the "Qi Yingsheng Hui map" borrowed by the Liaoning Provincial Museum was the first time to go out to participate in the exhibition.
"Starting from a new curatorial idea, the exhibition content integrates the latest academic achievements and important exhibits, closely follows Wang Anshi and his circle of friends, unfolds with eight important nodes in Wang Anshi's life, with his life deeds, academic contributions, social impact, and historical status as the main line, supplemented by major events, track maps, relationship tables and other exhibition techniques, to increase the interest of the exhibition and show Wang Anshi's magnificent life picture." Mao Jing, the curator of the exhibition, introduced, "We hope that through the exhibition, the audience will recognize a Wang Anshi with flesh and blood, temperature, feelings and pattern. ”
Wang Anshi (王安石) (19 December 1021 – 21 May 1086), courtesy name Jiefu, was a Chinese poet. A native of Linchuan, Fuzhou (present-day Fuzhou, Jiangxi). Politician, writer, thinker, and reformer of the Northern Song Dynasty in China.
In the second year of the Qing calendar (1042), Wang Anshi entered the priesthood and the first. He has successively served as a judge in Yangzhou, Zhixian in Yinxian County, and Shuzhou In prison, with remarkable political achievements. In the second year of Xi Ning (1069), he was promoted by Emperor Shenzong of Song to the position of Governor of the People's Republic of China, and the following year he paid homage to the chancellor and presided over the change of law. Due to the opposition of the conservative faction, Xi Ning resigned in the seventh year (1074). A year later, he was used again by the Divine Sect, and he immediately resigned and retired to Jiangning. In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1086), the conservatives gained power, the new laws were abolished, and Wang Anshi died of illness at Zhongshan at the age of sixty-six. He was given the title of Taifu (太傅) and King Shu (太傅) and The title of "Wen" (文), and was known as Wang Wengong (王文公).
Wang Anshi immersed himself in the study of scriptures, wrote books and lectures, and created the "Jinggong New Learning" to promote the formation of the Song Dynasty's style of doubtful classics and ancient studies. Philosophically, he used the "Five Elements Theory" to expound on the generation of the universe, enriching and developing the ancient Chinese naïve materialist thought; his philosophical proposition "New Old Divide" pushed the ancient Chinese dialectics to a new height.
In literature, Wang Anshi has outstanding achievements. His prose is concise and concise, short and concise, the argument is clear, the logic is rigorous, there is a strong persuasiveness, give full play to the practical function of the ancient text, ranked among the "Eight Greats of the Tang and Song Dynasties"; his poems "learn du to get his skinny and hard", good at reasoning and rhetoric, in his later years the poetic style is subtle and deep, deep and unhurried, with a style of fengshen and distant rhyme in the Northern Song Dynasty poetry circle, known as "Wang Jing Gong Body"; his lyrics and writings are nostalgic for the ancient, the artistic conception is empty, and the image is faint and simple. There are works such as "Linchuan Collection" that have survived.
Ouyang Xiu praised him for "three thousand poems of Hanlin Wind and Moon, and two hundred years of official articles", Su Shi called him "a magnificent text, enough to decorate the Ten Thousand Dynasties; an outstanding trip, enough to move the four directions", Huang Ting insisted that he was "a great man of the first life", and Zhu Xi commented on him as "a high-level article".
Wang Anshi is known for his "moral articles", but the changes he presided over have been fiercely attacked. Sima Guang believed that the new law "invaded officials, caused trouble, solicited profits, refused advice, and complained"; the empress dowager Cao Shi also cried to Emperor Shenzong, "Wang Anshi is talented and learned, but there are many people who complain, so it is better to temporarily come out." ”
For nearly a thousand years, Wang Anshi has been arguing endlessly about his administration. It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that Liang Qichao fully affirmed Wang Anshi that he reopened the enthusiasm for evaluating Wang Anshi.
Liu Zijian, an expert on Song history, said in "The Transformation of Song Dynasty China: Wang Anshi and His New Deal", "In the long course of China's history, few people are as important as Wang Anshi, the outstanding reformer and most controversial politician of the Northern Song Dynasty. The unconventional nature of the reforms he presided over, the thoroughness of their implementation, and the scope of their coverage are almost unprecedented, and no reform has been comparable to that of the last century. ”
On December 19, 2021, the "A Thousand Years of a Moment - Special Exhibition on the 1000th Anniversary of Wang Anshi's Birth" was opened at the Jiangxi Provincial Museum, as the first celebrity-themed original exhibition in the new museum of Jiangxi Provincial Museum, bringing together fine works from inside and outside the province, covering more than 150 inscriptions, calligraphy, ancient books, and tuoben. It is reported that this exhibition makes full use of the research results of Wang Anshi in previous generations, such as the relevant expositions of Scholars such as Li Fu, Cai Shangxiang, Liang Qichao, Deng Guangming, and Qi Xia, to extract and extract and remove the false and the true. At the same time, it also integrates many new archaeological achievements, such as Wang Anshi's father Wang Yi, brother Wang Anren's epitaph rubbings, and the tombstone of Mrs. Wu' great-grandfather, these new archaeological discoveries have filled the relevant gaps in Wang Anshi's research field.
Ming "Wang An Stone Statue Axis", Wang Anshi's "Tombstone of Mrs. Zeng Gong Wu", micro-engraved "Drunken Pavilion Record" silver medal, "Takioka Que Table Tuoben", "Su Shi Xingshu Dongting Zhongshan Erfu Scroll", Ming "Qi Yingsheng Huitu", Huang Tingjian's writing and book "Xu Chunzhong's Epitaph", "Wang Chunzhong's Epitaph" and other national treasure-level cultural relics are exhibited in the exhibition. In addition, there are also some rare and precious cultural relics, such as the tombstone of Kumamoto, a famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the epitaph of the famous general Wang Shao.
Wang An stone statue axis Ming Dynasty facsimile Collection of Jiangxi Provincial Museum
This stone statue of Wang An is a facsimile of the Ming Dynasty, depicting a seated statue of Wang Anshi with a helmet-style hat. In the first year of Emperor Zhezong's reign (1086), Wang Anshi died, and Sima Guang advocated that he be given a "generous gift to Shangyi You" and posthumously presented to Taifu. The edict was drafted by Su Shi, then a Zhongshu She. The inscription on this figure is the full text of The Edict written by Su Shi (苏轼) "Gifting Wang Anshi Taifu".
There are three kinds of wang anshi image, one of which is a statue of public service, which is found in the "Portraits of Sages and Celebrities of the Past Dynasties" in the South Kaoru Hall of the Forbidden City; the other is a helmet-style hat statue, painted by Wang Anshi Ancestral Hall in the fifth year of Emperor Huizong Chongning (1106) when the Ancestral Hall of Wang Anshi was completed in Fuzhou Capital; the third is a statue of a square scarf in regular clothes, which can be found in the Qing Dynasty's "Evening Laughing Hall Painting Biography" and "Mustard Garden Painting Biography".
Epitaph of the Great-Grandfather Wu of the Northern Song Dynasty, collected by the Nanfeng County Museum
Tombstone of the Great-Northern Song Dynasty's Great-Duchess Wu Tuoben
This is the epitaph of Wang Anshi's great-mother. Zeng Gong's biological mother, Wu Shi, is a native of Jinxi, Fuzhou. Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong had a great friendship, so he wrote an epitaph for his mother. The wang, zeng, and wu families were all members of the Jiangxi Wang clan of the Song Dynasty, and intermarried for generations. Among the Zeng clan of Nanfeng, the three brothers Zeng Gong, Zeng Bu, and Zeng Mu and their cousin Zeng Fu entered the list of jinshi in the second year (1057) of the second year of Emperor Renzong Jiayou. Zeng Gong's mother Wu shi was the aunt of Wang Anshi's mother Wu, that is, Zeng Gong was Wang Anshi's cousin. Later, Wang Anguo married Zeng Gong and Zeng Bu's sister, and Wang Anshi's daughter married Zeng Bu's son Zeng Lu.
The epitaph finally reads: "In the 100th year of the Song Dynasty, there was a famous person in the south of the river, who was the son of the lady, and buried the lady here." Yu Shu! "Wang Anshi abandoned the four or six body and came out with prose, the text is sincere and earnest, full of good expectations for friends.
Tombstone of Wang Yi of the Northern Song Dynasty Excavated in 2009 from the Jiangning Development Zone of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, collected by the Nanjing Jiangning District Museum
Northern Song Dynasty Wang Yi Epitaph Tuoben
In October 2009, Wang Yi's epitaph was excavated from the southern foothills of the General Mountain in Jiangning District, Nanjing, and the epitaph cover was engraved with "The Tomb of the Prince", which read: "An Shi is a friend, so he came to tell □ □", and it can be known that the epitaph was written by Wang Anshi and his friend Sun You.
Wang Yi (993–1038), father of Wang Anshi. In the eighth year (1015) of the Great Zhongxiang Fu, he was the master of Jian'an. He successively served as a judge of the Linjiang Army, Zhixingan, Zhishaozhou, and Tongjue Jiangning Province, and the official to the capital of the capital, Wailang, died in office.
Northern Song Dynasty Su Shi Xingshu Dongting Zhongshan Erfu Scroll on Paper Ink Hand Scroll (Partial) Jilin Museum Collection
This is Su Shi's calligraphy work in his later years. "Dongting Spring Color Fu" and "Zhongshan Song Mash Fu" (hereinafter referred to as "Dongting Zhongshan Erfu") were written by Su Shi in the seventh year of Yuan You (1092) and the eighth year of Yuan You (1093). In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), when Su Shi was relegated to Lingnan, he was stranded in Xiangyi (襄邑, in modern Sui County, Henan) in heavy rain on the way, and then wrote these two books as long volumes. Both of them are based on wine and jokes, which together reflect Su Shi's depressed and lonely mood in his detention at that time. The whole volume is 28.3 cm in length and 306.3 cm in width, with a total of 684 characters before and after, which is the largest number of words in Su Shi's inkblots, and its penmanship is majestic, elegant and elegant, which is the crown of its remaining ink.
The originals will only be on display for 20 days (Note: If you want to enjoy the original Su Shi's handwriting, please visit the museum before January 9, 2021)
Ming Dynasty Qi Yingshenghui Diagram Silk Colored Hand Scroll Liaoning Provincial Museum Collection
"Qi Yingsheng Will Chart" is the first time to go out to participate in the exhibition. During the Yuan Feng period, Luoyang gathered a large number of scholars and masters who were far away from the court because of their opposition to the change of law, including 13 people, including Fu Bi, Wen Yanbo, and Sima Guang, who met with wine and met regularly, which was sometimes called "Luoyang Qi Ying Hui".
The characters in the painting are, from left to right, in the front row: Zhang Tao, Zhao Bing, Fu Bi, and Sima Guang. Sima Guangjing sat behind the desk, holding a pen in his right hand. On the table, the paper is spread out, and there is ink in the stone. On Sima Guang's right-hand side, Fu Bi sat with his hands on each other's sleeves, watching from the sidelines. This painting depicts the scene of the Northern Song Dynasty scholars gathering and drinking tea, and also presents their idle and wanton appearance, not willing to leave the state of political life.
Huang Tingjian of the Northern Song Dynasty wrote and wrote xu Chunzhong's epitaph The collection of Huang Tingjian Memorial Hall in Xiushui County
Huang Tingjian of the Northern Song Dynasty wrote and wrote the epitaph of Wang Chunzhong in the collection of Huang Tingjian Memorial Museum in Xiushui County
Both epitaphs were written and written by Huang Tingjian. Xu Chunzhong is the son and cousin of Huang Tingjian's aunt, and the epitaph is entitled "Jinhua Huang Tingjian", which is rare in Huang Tingjian's self-titled inscription, and his epitaph was written by Huang Tingjian in the seventh year of Song Zhezong's reign (1092) when Ding Mother was worried about staying at Shuangjing. This stele fully embodies Huang Tingjian's opening of the strange, beautiful and thin, ups and downs of the style of calligraphy, for Huang Tingjian's calligraphy masterpiece.
Wang Chunzhong (王淳中), a native of fenning (present-day Xiushui) in the Northern Song Dynasty, was a jinshi in the fifth year (1053) of Emperor Renzong of Song, an official of Hangzhou Sihu who joined the army, a native of Taoyuan Ling of Dingzhou, and a writer of Zuolang. The full title of the "Epitaph of Wang Chunzhong" is "The Epitaph of the Purple King Jun" of the Song Dynasty Fenglang Zhihuan Prefecture Army and the Inner Stewardship persuasion of the peasants to borrow the Purple King's Epitaph" (1087), which was written in the second year of the reign of Emperor Zhezong of Song (1087).
Zeng Gong's epitaph is Tuoben, Collection of Jiangxi Provincial Museum
Zeng Gong copied the stone yan in the collection of the Jiangxi Provincial Museum
Zeng Gong Iron Lantern Collection of Jiangxi Provincial Museum
Zeng Gong, zi gu. Southwest Jiangxi Feng people. Northern Song Dynasty essayist, historian, and politician. One of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Prose". Zeng Gong became acquainted with Wang Anshi in his early years, and after becoming a protégé of Ouyang Xiu, he recommended Wang Anshi to him. The Zeng and Wang families have been in-laws for generations, and the friendship is deep. During the Xining period, although Zeng Gong favored the change of the law, he did not agree with some of the measures, and differences of opinion led to contradictions. The friendship between the two lasted into their later years, from mutual admiration, mutual praise, mutual argument to differences of opinion, estrangement, and then to the exchange of letters and poetry in their later years.
Northern Song Dynasty Takioka Tsukumoto Ouyang Xiu Wrote and Book 1945 Tuo, Yongfeng County Museum Collection
The Takioka Table is a tomb watch made by Ouyang Xiu at the time of his father's death sixty years ago, which recalls his father's filial piety and benevolence, his mother's diligence and frugality, and together with Han Yu's "Sacrifice twelve Lang Wen" and Yuan Ming's "Sacrifice Sister Text", it is called the three famous sacrifice texts in ancient China. The inscription is engraved in letters, the font is new, strong and powerful, and it is the largest inkblot passed down by Ouyang Xiu, which has important historical, artistic and research value.
Northern Song Dynasty Royal Immortal Pattern Square Gold Belt Collection of Jiangxi Provincial Museum
Northern Song Dynasty officials wore regular clothes above the court, also known as public uniforms, round neck and wide sleeves, robes long and feet, straight feet and hard heads, leather belts, and udge boots. In order to show the dignity and inferiority of the grade, the distinction is shown by the color of the clothing, the material of the leather belt, the fish or not, and the material.
The Song Dynasty formed a complete belt system, a set of 13 belt plates, including 9 square pins, 1 peach-shaped pin, 1 tail, and 2 buckles. The whole set of belt plate gilt gold and silver, the belt plate uses the hammering process popular in the Song Dynasty to decorate the high relief floral pattern, square hammer, peach shaped hammer and tail decoration. The belt plate is excavated from the tomb of Guo Zhizhang in the Northern Song Dynasty, which is the highest level and most exquisite Song Dynasty belt plate seen at present, which is of great value for the study of the politics and costume system of the Song Dynasty, and can be called "the first belt of the Song Dynasty".
Northern Song Dynasty Yuanyou Party Monument Tuoben Qing Dynasty Tuoben Liaoning Provincial Museum Collection
During the reign of Emperor Huizong, Cai Jing listed 309 people in the "old party" including Sima Guang, Wen Yanbo, Su Shi, Su Rui, and Huang Tingjian as traitors, and carved stone names to promulgate the world. A year later, Emperor Huizong ordered the destruction of his monument. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong rehabilitated the Yuan yu party. Later generations re-engraved his monument as usual for historical witness. Two extant pieces, both of which are re-engraved by later generations, are re-engraved by Shen Wei in the fourth year (1211) of the Southern Song Dynasty Emperor Ningzong Jiading.
A Thousand Years in a Flash - Special Exhibition on the 1000th Anniversary of Wang Anshi's Birth
Exhibition time: December 19, 2021 - March 19, 2022
Venue: Exhibition Hall 1, First Floor, Jiangxi Provincial Museum
(This article is compiled from the Jiangxi Provincial Museum and other related materials)