After the founding of New China, the Kuomintang's "Second Model Prison" in Beiping was taken over by the Ministry of Public Security and renamed the "Beijing War Criminals Management Center", also known as the Gongdelin War Criminals Management Center. The captured Kuomintang military, political, and special officials were basically reformed in Gongdelin.
There were many former Kuomintang officials in Gongdelin, and the most well-known one was Du Yuming, who was also a typical example of successful transformation. On December 4, 1959, Du Yuming, Wang Yaowu, Zeng Guoqing, Song Xilian, Zheng Tingji, Zhou Zhenqiang, Lu Junquan, Chen Changjie, Yang Botao, and Qiu Xingxiang, a total of ten people, became the first batch of people in Gongdelin to be pardoned.
When it came to reading Gong Delin's amnesty for war criminals, Du Yuming was the first in line. Many people have taken this as a basis to conclude that Du Yuming is the highest rank and rank among the Gongdelin war criminals, which is actually wrong. In terms of the position at the time of capture alone, there were several people who were similar to Du Yuming, and if you add seniority, military rank, and other considerations, Du Yuming is really not the first person to be a war criminal.
Gong Delin was the only real general
Wang Lingji
In the entire Liberation War, there were more than a thousand captured Kuomintang major generals (including major generals), but there was only one real general, that is, the Sichuan warlord Wang Lingji.
Wang Lingji was extremely senior in the Sichuan Army, and even Liu Xiang, Yang Sen and others had to call him a teacher. However, in the melee of the Sichuan warlords, Houlang defeated Qianlang, and Wang Lingji, who had lost his own arms, successively defected to Yang Sen, Liu Xiang and other descendants.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Wang Lingji served as deputy commander of the 9th Theater and chairman of Jiangxi Province. In May 1940, Wang Lingji was awarded the rank of lieutenant general plus the rank of second-class general, and on July 31, 1946, he was officially promoted to the rank of general of the army.
Since there was a quota for the second-level generals of the Kuomintang army, chiang Kai-shek had the special idea of creating a "lieutenant general plus the rank of general" under the condition that the original second-level general was full, and when the second-level general retired, these "plus the rank of general" could be discussed as substitutes for seniority. For example, there was the "first protégé of Tianzi", Hu Zongnan, the first-term student of Huangpu, who was most heavily used by Chiang Kai-shek during his time on the mainland, and was only "lieutenant general plus general" before fleeing to Taiwan.
In the War of Liberation, who were the Kuomintang generals who fought against the People's Liberation Army? Taking the four major "suppression generals" as an example, Wei Lihuang, commander-in-chief of the northeast "suppression general", fled on the eve of the liberation of Shenyang, and after returning home, he was held responsible for the defeat in northeast China and put under house arrest; later, after Chiang Kai-shek stepped down and Li Zongren came to power, he was able to flee to Hong Kong and return after the founding of New China; Fu Zuoyi, commander-in-chief of the "suppression general" in North China, led a peaceful uprising in Beiping and accepted reorganization; Liu Zhi, commander-in-chief of the "suppression general" in Xuzhou, left the front line early and handed over the mess to his deputy Du Yuming, and later ran to Indonesia to become a teacher. When Chiang Kai-shek learned of this, he felt too humiliated, so he recalled him to Taiwan for retirement; Bai Chongxi, commander-in-chief of the Central China "Suppression Army, later the military and political chief of Central China), after losing his old gui unit, fled to Taiwan by plane, and from then on he fell to Pingyang and was deceived by Chiang Kai-shek.
Of the four commanders who fought against the Platon On the front lines, two later served in the people's government and two ran to Taiwan. Other Kuomintang generals, Chen Cheng, after successive defeats in the northeast, were sent to Taiwan by Chiang Kai-shek long ago, and He Yingqin, Gu Zhutong, Yan Xishan (who fled by plane on the eve of the liberation of Taiyuan) and others who were not fighting on the front line also fled to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek, while Cheng Qian, Tang Shengzhi, and others revolted by electricity.
It can be seen from this that in the War of Liberation, it was quite difficult to capture a real general of the Kuomintang army, that is, when he liberated the great southwest and captured Hu Zongnan alive, he was only a lieutenant general.
Even this real Wang Lingji was already a retired second-class general when he was captured, and of course, the retired general was also a general.
Who has the highest military rank? Not Tang Yao
Song Xilian
Among the war criminals of Gongdelin, who had the highest military rank when captured? There is now one of the most widely circulated accounts: Tang Yao, who was captured at the time, was the deputy commander-in-chief and chief of staff of the Kuomintang army, and the highest rank among the captured Kuomintang generals. This statement is actually wrong.
This statement about Tang Yao first appeared in the memoirs of Shen Drunk (Gongdelin war criminal, former director of the Yunnan station of the Secret Bureau). However, if Tang Yao, the deputy commander-in-chief of the army, can be counted as the highest military position, then was Fan Hanjie demoted by Chiang Kai-shek?
Fan Hanjie was already deputy commander-in-chief of the army before he was sent by Chiang Kai-shek to serve as deputy commander-in-chief of the Northeast "Suppression Command" and director of the Jinzhou Command Post.
In fact, the deputy commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang army was at the same level as the deputy commander-in-chief of the four "suppression generals" and later the deputy commanders-in-chief of the military and political affairs in the southwest, northwest, and central China. And these deputy commanders and deputy commanders are much more important than a simple deputy commander-in-chief of the army if they are also the provincial chairman or the commander of the corps.
At the same time, it should also be considered that Tang Yao was captured on January 23, 1950, and he was promoted to deputy commander-in-chief of the army for only a few months. Capturing a Tang Yao's gold content is not as good as capturing a corps commander Huang Wei or Liao Yaoxiang.
Among the war criminals in Gongdelin, the highest ranking military ranks were Du Yuming, Fan Hanjie, Song Xilian, and others who had served as deputy commanders of the "Suppression General."
Some people also believe that Song Xilian has the highest military rank, because before he was captured, he served as the director of the Appeasement Office of the Sichuan Xiang'e Border Region and the chairman of the "Supreme Decision-making Committee" of the Sichuan Xiang'e-Eqian Border Region. But don't forget that at that time, the highest military and political organ of the Kuomintang in the southwest was the Southwest Military and Political Governor's Office, and even Hu Zongnan was only a deputy chief who acted as a deputy chief, so the upper limit of Song Xilian's two titles was also deputy chief. The deputy military and political chiefs in the later period of the Kuomintang were actually similar to the previous deputy commanders-in-chief of the "Suppression General".
Therefore, Du Yuming, Fan Hanjie, Song Xilian, Tang Yao and others, if you discuss who is strong, then you can discuss it, if you say who has the highest military rank? Looking at the position alone, it is completely a level.
Who has the highest positions in the local area?
Wang Yaowu
If Du Yuming, Fan Hanjie, Song Xilian, and others of the Huangpu Phase I discussed who had the highest military position when he was captured, then Wang Yaowu, a third-term student of Huangpu, would probably be tempted to say: When I was a member of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee, what were you doing? (In the Battle of Xiangxi in 1945, Wang Yaowu led his troops to kill and wound 28,000 Japanese troops, and after the war, the 40-year-old Wang Yaowu was elected as a member of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee for his merits.)
Among the Huangpu III students of the Kuomintang army, I am afraid that no one is more capable than Wang Yaowu. Compared with Du Yuming, Song Xilian, and The First Phase, Wang Yaowu's military ability is at least equal to that of these two people, and as for the level of dealing with the world and engaging in politics, it is far better than Du and Song.
Before wang Yaowu was captured, he held many titles, including chairman of the Kuomintang Shandong Province, director of the First Shandong Command, commander of the Shandong Provincial Security Command, commander of the Second Appeasement District, and director of the Shandong Appeasement Unified General Command.
Wang Yaowu was not the only provincial chairman of the Kuomintang who was captured, but Wang Yaowu was a military and political leader, and his power was unmatched by the chairman of other provinces. Because Wang Yaowu has many titles, he has a lot of nominal power, such as this "director of the Shandong Appeasement Unified General Headquarters", he can command several appeasement areas, and then this "Shandong Provincial Security Commander", so that Wang Yaowu in addition to the regular army, all the miscellaneous troops in Shandong are also under his command.
However, these titles are "nominally very powerful", because since Wang Yaowu became the chairman of the province, most of Shandong has been liberated areas, and with the passage of time, Wang Yaowu has less and less territory under his jurisdiction, and later it has become "to lay down the city of Jinan and capture Wang Yaowu alive".
Wang Yaowu did not hold a military position of the rank of deputy commander-in-chief of the "Suppression General", but he was the chairman of Shandong Province and a member of the Central Executive Committee. This is also why many people believe that Wang Yaowu is the person with the most "gold content" in Gong delin.
Who has the oldest qualifications
Once expanded
In the Gongdelin, Wang Lingji's seniority is undoubtedly the oldest, but if it is not a miscellaneous card, who has the highest seniority among the captured Chiang Kai-shek's concubines? Then, it can only be Zeng's expansion of feelings, which is the person who even has to call "brother expansion" when dai Kasa, the head of the military command secret service, meets.
Zeng Guangqing's position at the time of his capture was that of chairman of the Kuomintang Sichuan Provincial Party Department; this position is not small, after all, it is the number one of the party departments in a province, but when it is big, it is not particularly big, for example, in the Battle of Jinan, while capturing Wang Yaowu, it also incidentally arrested a Member of the Kuomintang Shandong Provincial Party Department, Pang Jingtang.
However, we must take into account the bumpy career of zeng, who had been in office for more than a decade when he was captured. At that time, Zeng Expanded His Feelings, but among the Huangpu students of the Kuomintang camp, he was a mixed-up person.
In the first phase of Huangpu, the early Zeng Expansion could grow up much faster than Du Yuming and Song Xilian. If you look briefly at Zeng's resume, in 1926 he was the director of the political department of the 20th Division, in 1927 he was the secretary of Chiang Kai-shek's entourage and the secretary of the Huangpu Alumni Association, and soon after he was the director of the political department of the Nanjing Central Military Academy. At the same time, Du Yuming was only a company commander.
In October 1928, Zeng Guangqing was posted with the rank of lieutenant general in the army and served as the military commissioner of the Military Commission in Sichuan, and when he arrived in Sichuan, the warlords of all walks of life greeted him with a smile and regarded him as the big red man around Chiang Kai-shek. At this time, Hu Zongnan, who was promoted very quickly in the first term of Huangpu, although he was already a major general and brigade commander, but his rank was still worse than Zeng's expansion.
By November 1931, Zeng Guangqing was elected as an alternate executive member of the Fourth Central Committee of the Kuomintang, becoming the first person Whampoa to enter the Kuomintang Central Committee.
Then, why did such a "high-profile" Zeng Expanding Sentiment become only the chairman of a provincial party department in 1949?
It can be said that the "Xi'an Incident" changed the career paths of many people, such as Hu Zongnan, Song Xilian, and Dai Kasa, who showed great loyalty, and were vigorously promoted by Chiang Kai-shek afterwards. Zeng Guangqing is the "unlucky egg" who miscalculated the situation.
After Chiang Kai-shek was detained in the "Xi'an Incident," Zeng Guangqing believed that the "principal" was definitely going to be handed over to Xi'an, so in order to save his life, he agreed to Zhang Xueliang's request and made a speech supporting the "Xi'an Incident" on the radio as the big brother of Huangpu.
After Chiang Kai-shek returned to Nanjing, he hated Zeng's performance to the bone and asked Dai Kasa to imprison Zeng. Zeng Kuanqing's popularity in the Huangpu clan was not bad, dai Kasa and Hu Zongnan both called him "expanding brother", under the guarantee of Dai and Hu, Chiang Kai-shek agreed to release Zeng Kuanqing, but never reused it again.
Therefore, although zeng's position when he was captured was not particularly high, after all, he had the aura of the former "huangpu first person", and in terms of seniority, in the Huangpu students of Gongdelin, if he wanted to say second, then no one was the first.
Why is Du Yuming's gold content the highest?
Du Yuming
In terms of military ranks, in addition to Wang Lingji, who had the rank of general, Gong Delin and Du Yuming's lieutenant general rank grabbed a large number of them; in terms of seniority, Du Yuming was purely one step at a time; when Song Xilian, who was three years younger than Du Yuming, was the commander-in-chief of the 11th Group Army in 1941, Du Yuming was still hovering in the post of commander, and even Wang Yaowu's promotion was faster than Du Yuming's; on the position before he was captured, Du Yuming was comparable to Song Xilian, Fan Hanjie, and others.
However, Du Yuming still ranked first among the Gongdelin war criminals, not only on the amnesty list, but also appeared as the number one war criminal in Gongdelin.
In fact, careful analysis shows that the gold content of the captive Du Yuming is indeed higher than that of other war criminals in Gongdelin. First of all, Du Yuming was the one who commanded the most troops among gongdelin's war criminals. In October 1945, Du Yuming, as the commander of the Northeast Security Command, led the Kuomintang army to fire the first shot to seize the northeast, and he commanded the elite units of the Kuomintang such as the New First Army (Sun Liren), the New Sixth Army (Commander Liao Yaoxiang), the 52nd Army (Commander Zhao Gongwu), and the 71st Army (Commander Chen Mingren). In the Battle of Huaihai, although Du Yuming was the deputy commander-in-chief of Xuzhou's "Suppression General", he actually replaced the commander-in-chief Liu Zhi in the middle and late period to exercise his powers, and the Battle of Huaihai was a major decisive battle in which the Nationalists and Communists suffered the greatest casualties.
Du Yuming was Chiang Kai-shek's "fire brigade leader", and in the middle and late period of the Liaoshen Campaign, Chiang Kai-shek once wanted him to replace Wei Lihuang, but the speed of the collapse of the Northeast Nationalist Army made this idea unrealized; in the Battle of Huaihai, the collapse of three corps of Du Yuming's group in Chen Guanzhuang (Qiu Qingquan Corps, Li Mi Corps, sun Yuanliang Corps) represented the loss of Chiang Kai-shek's elite troops. Du Yuming's capture and Chiang Kai-shek's descent were carried out almost simultaneously. The Du Yuming clique was Chiang Kai-shek's last straw, and after its destruction, Chiang Kai-shek's army was not to be seen in number, but there was no elite.
Therefore, the rank, military rank, seniority, etc. are not the highest Du Yuming, but he is the number one Kuomintang war criminal in Gongdelin. Du Yuming, who was pardoned, also received a new life, and in his later years he was very concerned about the reunification of the motherland.
On May 7, 1981, Du Yuming died of illness at the age of 77. After Du Yuming's death, he became the only two Huangpusheng (the other being Zheng Dongguo) who was also mourned by both sides of the strait. Du Yu's happy life next night is gratifying, after all, a famous anti-Japanese general can have a good ending, which is the best.