sequence
It is said that Kangxi pursued to become the first emperor in history. The most sacred emperor in history is Li Shimin, so he looks up to Li Shimin everywhere. Li Shimin had two major shortcomings, one of which was that he did not control his son, and the crown prince Li Chengqian actually wanted to launch a coup d'état, so that he was ridiculed by posterity. The second disadvantage was that he launched the Xuanwumen Rebellion and killed his brother before ascending to the throne.
After being emperor for thirty or forty years, Kangxi thought that he had surpassed Li Shimin in many places, so he was proud of himself and thought that he was already the Saint Emperor of the Ages. However, underneath him took place the nine sons who shocked history, violently fighting between brothers. Especially after his eldest son offered to kill his second son, Kangxi knew that he had repeated Li Shimin's mistakes, and the situation was even more severe, and it seemed that he could not surpass Li Shimin, so he was discouraged and lazy in political affairs. As a result, it also caused unprecedented deficits and corruption in the last years of the Kangxi Dynasty.
After Kangxi's death, Yongzheng and several other major ministers believed that although Kangxi was the emperor of Shoucheng, he recovered San Francisco, Mongolia, and Taiwan, and was largely an entrepreneurial business. And the merits are high, surpassing the vast majority of emperors in history. Therefore, it was decided, in accordance with Kangxi's ideals, to give him the temple name Shengzu.
Some of the above deeds are found in the Records of the Holy Ancestors and the Records of sejong, which are true. Of course, there are also folk ingredients that add oil and vinegar.
background
1. Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan
#收复台湾 and realize the great cause of the reunification of the motherland #
Zheng Zhilong was a Ming dynasty general, and Zheng Chenggong was his son. After the Qing army entered the pass, Zheng Zhilong and others led the remnants of the Ming Dynasty to resist, and even counterattacked to Nanjing for a time. However, the general trend of the Ming Dynasty has gone, and Zheng Zhilong still surrendered.
Zheng Chenggong continued to resist. His base areas were in Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, and other places in Fujian, and under the attack of the Qing Dynasty army, he was gradually defeated and retreated, and in the absence of a foothold, he led his army to cross the sea and attack Taiwan.
Taiwan had belonged to China since the Yuan Dynasty, but was occupied by Dutch invaders at this time. After the Industrial Revolution in Europe, imperialist countries encroached on land around the world, and Taiwan was only the tip of the iceberg.
Zheng successfully defeated the Dutch invaders and recovered Taiwan. In the second year of the recovery of Taiwan, Zheng Chenggong died and was succeeded by his son Zheng Jing.
2. Zheng Jing split
Zheng Jing saw that national reunification was the trend of the times, so he negotiated with the Qing Dynasty. However, the two sides were very divided and failed to achieve results.
During the San Francisco Rebellion, Zheng Jing joined the san francisco and took the opportunity to capture Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and other places. He also attacked Shang zhixin in Guangdong, forcing Shang Zhixin to join the San Francisco camp and ceding Huizhou to him.
3. Shi Lang offers advice
Shi Lang was a general in Zheng Zhilong's army, with which Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. Soon, however, he led his army away and returned to Zheng Chenggong's troops, fighting the Qing Dynasty under the slogan of opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty.
However, Shi Lang got into a conflict with another general, and Shi Lang killed him. This general was Zheng Chenggong's confidant, and Zheng Chenggong, enraged, killed Shi Lang's father and brother. Shi Lang escaped by chance, and was so angry that he and Zheng Chenggong did not share the heavens, so he led his army to surrender to the Qing Dynasty again.
The Kangxi Emperor did not take into account Shi Lang's repetition. Shi Lang believed that Taiwan must be recovered and the country must be reunified, and he knew Taiwan and Taiwan's army very well, so he wrote a plan to recover Taiwan and presented it to Kangxi. At the time of the San Francisco Rebellion and the defeat of the Qing army, the 15-year-old Kangxi thought that the time to recover Taiwan was premature, so he did not adopt it.
Kangxi Strategy
1. Personnel dispatch
In 1681, at the suggestion of the university scholar Li Guangdi, the imperial court appointed Shi Lang as the admiral of the Fujian Marine Division, and asked him to train his army to prepare for the reconquest of Taiwan.
At the same time, the governor of Fujian, Yamen, was established, and the imperial court ordered the governors Yao Qisheng and Shi Lang to jointly recover Taiwan. It was the opinion of the ministers (see Records of the Holy Ancestors) that Yao Qisheng should be involved, on the one hand, to supervise Shi Lang, who was after all the one who surrendered from the other side. On the other hand, it was also to coordinate various relations between the imperial court and Fujian Province, such as army allocation and material supply.
But then Yao Qisheng and Shi Lang had a serious quarrel, each of them did not give in, and each told the imperial court his reasons. Kangxi then ordered that Shi Lang should be the main general in the recovery of Taiwan, and Yao Qisheng would be responsible for logistics.
In fact, the quarrel between the two men is not related to whether to recover Taiwan, but to the timing of the attack, and they repeatedly quarrel between the two seasons of late autumn and early spring.
The 28-year-old Kangxi Emperor gave Shi Lang enough trust, which proved to be very wise afterwards.
2. War positioning
Unlike the pacification of San Francisco, the war to recover Taiwan was characterized by the imperial court as a local war, that is, a war in a province of Fujian Province. Other provinces and other armies provide assistance when needed.
In Fujian, governor Yamen was set up, which was a leading body integrating the military and the government, and was also aimed at coordinating the recovery of Taiwan.
3. Scratch each other
After the decision to recover Taiwan, the Kangxi Emperor cut off trade between Taiwan and the outside world, and the supply of materials in Taiwan became a problem, and prices rose. At the same time, Taiwan's harvest failed in those two years, and the grain supply was insufficient. At this time, Zheng Jing was already dead, passing the throne to his 12-year-old child Zheng Ketuan, and Taiwan's military and political power was mainly concentrated in the hands of Liu Guoxuan and others. Liu Guoxuan ordered the people of Taiwan to pay an additional 10 buckets of rice per household. However, the people of Taiwan themselves did not have enough to eat, so the people's resentment boiled over, and even a small-scale armed uprising occurred.
4. Be well prepared
Shi Lang's Fujian water division has a total of 21,000 people. Since Shi Lang was appointed as the admiral of the Fujian Water Division, he has been strictly trained, so his combat effectiveness is very strong, and his desire to recover Taiwan is also very high.
Recover the passage
1. Fighting
Yao Qisheng and Shi Lang were just a clash of ideas. After the war to truly regain Taiwan began, Yao Qisheng himself organized a 3,000-strong water army team, personally led the team, and handed it over to Shi Lang for deployment, forming a strange phenomenon of subordinates commanding superiors. This civilian official, who had not experienced a naval battle, vomited under the bumps of the sea, fainted several times, and still insisted on moving forward (see "Qing History Manuscript Yao Qisheng Biography").
The Qing army set out from Tongshan Island and, after a tentative attack, launched a general offensive on July 15, 1683. At that time, there were only non-motorized ships, and the direction of the wind at sea had a great impact on the war. The northwest wind that blew at the beginning suppressed the Qing army and could not advance. The Zheng army took the initiative to attack, and the Qing army was tired of defense, and the casualties were relatively large.
By noon, as Shi Lang had expected, the sea surface turned into a southeasterly wind. The Qing army had already held its breath, and at this moment, riding the wind and waves, ten thousand cannons were fired at the same time. Zheng Jun was beaten 7086. The Qing army attacked the Penghu Archipelago.
This time, the results of the general offensive were brilliant. Zheng Jun suffered 12,000 casualties, more than 5,000 prisoners, and more than 190 warships destroyed and captured. The Qing army killed 329 people, wounded more than 1800 people, and only a small number of damages were inflicted on ships, which could be repaired and utilized.
2. Attack the heart
This is a war of justice and injustice, a war of unity and division. The Qing army occupied the right time and place, and the Zheng army lost its way and was helpless. Therefore, after Shi Lang occupied the Penghu Archipelago, he stood still and watched Taiwan's civil unrest.
The Penghu Islands were lost, the gateway to Taiwan was opened, and Zheng Jun panicked. Some began to prepare for surrender, and some planned to go deep into the sea and flee to the Philippines. There are even those who advocate annexation to the Ryukyu Kingdom. At the beginning, there were still a certain main war faction, and under the chaos, their influence became weaker and weaker. The imperial court sent emissaries into Taiwan, on the one hand, to persuade The Zheng army to surrender, and on the other hand, to continue to fan the flames and increase the chaos in Taiwan.
In the end, Not only did Taiwan not have the strength to form a counter-offensive, but even the will to defend completely disintegrated. The situation was very favorable to Shi Lang. He added another fire and led the army to the island of Taiwan unconsciously.
Zheng Jun suddenly saw the Qing army on the main island of Taiwan, and the illusion of defense was completely broken. On September 5, 1683, Zheng Ketuan, Liu Guoxuan and others surrendered to the Qing army, and Taiwan was officially returned.
conclusion
1. National reunification is the trend of the times and the aspiration of the people. Therefore, the Qing army's war to recover Taiwan only experienced a relatively large-scale battle and a number of small battles, which solved the problem.
2. Employ people properly. Many people think that Shi Lang is like a leather ball, rolling between qing jun and Zheng jun many times, and his character is unreliable. However, Kangxi was well aware of the internal and Central reasons, broke through layers of resistance, and finally appointed Shi Lang as the main commander to recover Taiwan. Shi Lang's familiarity with the water war, Taiwan, and Zheng Jun was almost irreplaceable at that time. The end result also proved that Kangxi's trust was one of the key factors in Taiwan's return. Under kangxi's trust, Shi Lang led an army to attack, and the whole country was his backing.
3. Make proper strategic decisions. Shi Lang was a demotion general and a subordinate, but he fully blocked Yao Qisheng's military plan because he was confident. Of course, in the end, the two plans were modified, which was also a random response taken by Shi Lang according to the actual situation. And this change has received great benefits, that is, the wind direction has suddenly changed, and Zheng Jun has no prevention, thus losing the ground. Of course, he broke into the island of Taiwan in time and became the most powerful force in Taiwan's return.
4. Attack the heart first. With the feud between Shi Lang and Zheng Jun, he definitely preferred to lead thousands of troops and horses to exterminate Zheng Jun. But since he was a national general, he considered the overall situation. Therefore, after occupying the Penghu Archipelago, he used a series of offensive tactics against the Zheng Army, and the result was quite successful. This also made Shi Lang, like the Holy Ancestor, go down in history and be immortal.