The development of national history is also a process of dynastic change, and the soil of the land of China has nourished a large number of literati and Confucian heroes. After the Qing army entered the customs, a dynasty under the rule of a feudal society stepped onto the stage of history, that is, the Qing Dynasty. The ruling class of the Ming Dynasty began to be replaced by the Manchus, which also caused many problems.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were many people who resolutely resisted the Qing Dynasty, and all localities were actively organizing personnel to prepare for the restoration of the Qing Dynasty. Dynastic change is said to be a very normal thing, but it is not normal to involve the interests of its own development, and the celebrity who rushes to the front is the loyal filial piety of Zheng Chenggong at the end of the Ming Dynasty. He relied on the geographical conditions of the southeast coast to negotiate with the Qing army for more than twenty years.
The rulers of the Qing Dynasty admired Zheng Chenggong's boldness and negotiated peace three times, hoping to persuade him to submit through the affection of father and son. The first time was arrogant and rude, there was no equal position to look at; the second time was full of sincerity, only the Qing Dynasty insisted on cutting hair first to determine that Zheng Chenggong was indeed sincere and sincere, but Zheng Chenggong felt that cutting hair had to wait until the conditions were agreed; the last direct negotiation collapsed, and each time it was more disappointing than the first.
First, the national surname is Zheng Chenggong
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the southeast coast was dominated by Fujian. At that time, Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, held an official position during the Ming Dynasty, and Zheng Chenggong returned to Fujian from Japan with his mother. Zheng Chenggong was very intelligent and loved to study, especially ancient history classics, so he lived up to the expectations of the public to pass the examination, and then went to the capital of nanjing guozijian for further study, and asked famous teachers to teach his studies.
Li Zicheng, the king of the invasion, attacked the city of Beijing and declared the collapse of the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing soldiers defeated Li Zicheng under the leadership of Wu Sangui to occupy Beijing and establish the Qing Dynasty, and all the way south to collect the Daming River and Mountains. War is cruel, and the people who have perished can only obey the leadership of the new government, and who has not thought that the new regime will force the people to cut their hair to show submission.
Since then, all parts of Jiangnan have revolted against the Qing court, when Zheng Zhilong saw that the time was ripe to support the Tang Emperor with the call of anti-Qing and restoration of the Ming Dynasty, and Zheng Chenggong also responded to the new emperor's inspiration from a Confucian sheng and led the soldiers to rebel against the Qing soldiers. He was brave and good at war, and he was very popular with the ancients when he led his troops to fight, which can be described as a smooth and easy game, and was deeply appreciated by the new emperor.
Zheng Chenggong's father listened to the Qing Dynasty's letter of surrender, believing that Daming had exhausted the number of festivals, and now the Qing Dynasty's conditions were very tempting. Zheng Chenggong saw that zheng zhilong could not be persuaded, and he did not want to be a subjugated countryman, and led the old department to retreat to the southeast coast. As expected, the people led by Zheng Zhilong were directly arrested, and they trusted others so much that their wives were killed.
Zheng Chenggong, who received this news, vowed to fight the Qing court to the end. At that time, Taiwan was occupied by the Dutch, and Zheng Chenggong skillfully used raiding troops to retake Taiwan. This incident has had a profound impact on the history of the Chinese nation, although Taiwan is a land of bullets but its strategic value is extremely important, the land of nationalities will not allow others to snore, and the Zheng family began to rule Taiwan for more than 20 years.
After Zheng successfully occupied Taiwan, he took advantage of the advantages of the Taiwan Strait to occupy various parts of the southeast coast, completely realized self-sufficiency, and retained the last bit of military strength of the Southern Ming Dynasty. After the Qing Dynasty occupied most of the cities, it saw the richness of the southeast coast and could not be easily given to people, but Zheng Chenggong's bravery was unstoppable within the Qing Dynasty, and could only surrender.
Two or three times to discuss and rejected
When the Qing army entered the pass, Zheng Chenggong had already occupied the southeast coastal key areas, and the Qing rulers at that time believed that these generals would submit to the coercion of the Qing army at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and they were appeased by these generals while fighting. At that time, Zheng Zhilong was fooled, and these politicians thought that Zheng Chenggong, like his father, planned to submit Zheng Chenggong with a small reward and affection for the first time.
The rulers of the Qing Dynasty underestimated Zheng Chenggong's ability and hatred, thinking that they could use the previous method without bloodshed. Zheng Chenggong thought of his father's past lessons and was wary of the Qing court's every move, taking advantage of the other party's insincere peace, he bought grain in coastal cities and no one dared to stop him. The failure of the first peace negotiation caused the anger of the Qing generals.
The Manchu Qing disciples all fought on land and were obviously slightly inferior to water combat. Zheng Chenggong fought a major battle with the Qing army in the Taiwan Strait after the defeat of the first peace conference, and the enemy was victorious. The Qing rulers were shocked and had to rethink the peace negotiations with Zheng Chenggong. In the eighth year of the Yong Calendar, the Qing Dynasty sent a delegation of huihe, including Zheng Zhilong's old subordinates, to Fujian to begin the second peace conference.
The unpleasantness of the first peace negotiation made the Qing court pay more attention to it, and Zheng Chenggong also saw the sincerity of the Qing government and sent envoys to contact him, and he did not want to bear the reputation of filial piety for a lifetime. The price code offered by the second Qing Dynasty was very much in line with Zheng Chenggong's appetite, but the two sides had different views on the issue of shaving, and the two sides were in dispute.
The rulers of the Qing Dynasty believed that if you don't cut your hair, you are honest and under the jurisdiction of the imperial court, and only cutting your hair can prove your sincerity. But Zheng Chenggong said that as long as you agree to my request, you will immediately cut your hair to show sincerity, after all, the Qing government treated his father with false benevolence and false righteousness to deceive him, so that he was treated as if he were a prisoner of the order.
The second time, because of the problem of cutting hair, the peace conference failed, and the Qing emperor believed that Zheng Chenggong was too arrogant and arrogant, and he relied on the land of Taiwan to confront the Qing Dynasty. Long Yan was furious and was about to send troops to requisition, and Zheng Chenggong also got the news to train sailors and hoard grain to prepare for war. In the following year, the emperor sent a third envoy to negotiate peace, and he did not think that even the door was not entered, but he was rejected.
3. The Qing Dynasty recovered Taiwan
The failure of the three peace talks made the imperial court lose its desire for peaceful recovery of Taiwan under Zheng Chenggong. After The death of Shunzhi, Kangxi succeeded to the throne, the emperor did not have so much patience, directly followed the advice of his subordinates, and used the surrendered Zheng Zhilong as a bargaining chip to persuade him to surrender, and Zheng Chenggong preferred to die. Zheng Zhilong was beheaded by Kangxi, and the ancestral grave of the Zheng family was also excavated.
After Zheng Chenggong learned of these news, he died of internal and external difficulties, and at the age of less than forty years old, he handed over Taiwan to his descendants, but they did not have Zheng Chenggong's strategy and courage. Through the Qing Dynasty's divisive strategy, the people estranged from those around him and sent away the general who could lead the army to fight, and the Kinmen gate was lost under the last imperial attack, and the Zheng family left Taiwan.
4. Summary
Since ancient times, the change of dynasties has certainly led to bloody storms, all depending on whether they can obtain practical benefits, otherwise who will really be willing to surrender. Either they can't be defeated by force and are subdued; or they admire this person who has surrendered, and he is a person of high moral standing who deserves to be followed. If not, there is no equal treatment with themselves now, only to refuse.
Honesty is true for all people, and the same is true for military politics. Two groups that are not familiar with each other can only build trust with visible and tangible benefits, not empty gloves and white wolves who are not believers. Zheng Chenggong saw through this and would only refuse to negotiate peace three times.