What is history: it is the echo of the past to the future, the reflection of the future on the past. - Hugo
In the last years of the Ming Dynasty in China, a new force rose in the northeast Jurchen, in 1616 AD, Nurhaci unified the Jurchen tribe, established the Houjin regime, and later the Emperor Taiji changed the name of the country to Daqing, when the Eight Banner Soldiers of the Qing Dynasty were very powerful, especially good at field combat, and always threatened the north of the Ming Dynasty, during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, China appeared in the Xiaoice River period, many places grain production decreased, grain harvest, resulting in the rise of rebel armies everywhere, including Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong and others, and later Li Zicheng attacked the city of Beijing and established the Dashun regime. Wu Sangui, who was defending Shanhaiguan, surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and Dolgun led the Qing army into the customs.
After the Qing army entered the customs, the Shunzhi Emperor moved the capital to Beijing City, since then the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty as the ruler, but at that time the Qing Dynasty ruled only the northern region, the Eight Banners Iron Horse still had to go all the way south, in the process of unification, the Qing army basically did not encounter much resistance, but there was a city that made the Qing Dynasty pay a heavy price, not only died 3 princes, but also lost 18 generals, 75,000 soldiers were all killed, this war is the famous Jiangyin Eighty-one Days, and the defense of the city is the Ming loyal minister Yan Yingyuan.
In 1645 AD, the Qing Dynasty implemented a shaving order throughout the country, requiring no hair to be left, hair without hair, many Han people could not understand, because ancient China pays attention to human skin, by the parents, do not dare to damage, the beginning of filial piety, this is the words in the "Filial Piety Classic", and the Qing army ordered the shaving order, many people said: the head can be broken, the hair must not be shaved, so they began the anti-Qing struggle under the call of Jiangyin Classic Shi Yan Yingyuan, many ordinary people spontaneously resisted the Qing army, and soon the number reached about 200,000. The Qing Dynasty did not pay attention to these soldiers and horses.
After all, in the eyes of the Eight Banners disciples, they are invincible, invincible, where they pass, no grass is born, no city can stop their iron horses, on the first day of June 1645 AD, the Qing Dynasty gathered 240,000 troops, more than 200 cannons began to besiege the city, the war reached a white-hot at the beginning, and the Jiangyin military and civilians were single-minded, everyone disregarded life and death and fought with the Qing soldiers, this war fought for a full 81 days, the Qing army killed three princes, and 18 generals, adding up to 21, More than 75,000 troops were killed or wounded.
Later, the Qing soldiers finally broke through Jiangyin City, in order to vent their anger, the Qing army launched a terrible slaughter of the city, except for children under the age of 13 who did not kill, all men, women and children were all beheaded, and more than 100,000 people in Jiangyin all committed suicide and martyrdom, and some women did not want to be captured by the Qing army, preferring to commit suicide by throwing themselves into the well, after the war, there were only 53 people left in Jiangyin City, and this war was also the most tragic battle after the Qing army entered the customs.