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Source | The historical record is not so
In order to use less and more grams, the Qing Dynasty adopted a national strategy of balancing mutual control
The Qing Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history, and it was also the second unified empire besides the Yuan Dynasty to unify the grasslands, the Central Plains and the Western Regions, and the reason why the Qing Dynasty was able to replace the Ming Dynasty by entering the border in the northeast was the fierce combat strength of the Eight Banners. However, just as the so-called world is easy to fight and difficult to defend the world, the Manchus are after all ethnic minorities compared to the Han, how can they rule hundreds of millions of Han chinese with hundreds of thousands of Manchus, as well as the vast Mongolian steppe and the remote western plateau? The Manchu Qing court adopted a strategy of balance and containment, first of all, to implement the strategy of marriage and Tibetan Buddhism for the Mongolians, who were also nomadic people, so that the heads of the Mongol princes became the relatives of the Ai xinJueluo family, and the blood ties became an alliance, forming a situation in which the Qing Dynasty was the son of heaven and the Mongols were the princes. The promotion of Tibetan Buddhism has brought Tibet and Mongolia into contact, and second, the use of religion can improve Mongolian folk customs and make it less courageous and combative.
Eight Banner Army
On the one hand, the Treatment of the Han people is to carry out armed suppression, forcing the Han people to shave their hair and change their clothes, as a symbol of military prestige, on the other hand, they take the initiative to learn from the Han people about the advanced points in culture and system, such as promoting Confucianism, opening up science and taking scholars, inheriting the system and laws of the Ming Dynasty, in order to subdue the world's scholars. In this way, in this chess game of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchus and Mongols stood at the top of the pyramid of interests, followed by the han chinese scholars, and most of the common people became the lowest level of the pyramid, the objects of exploitation and suppression by the ruling clique.
In order to maintain the balance of this ruling situation, after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, on the one hand, it declared "Manchu and Han integration", on the other hand, it strictly banned Manchu-Han marriage, as well as intermarriage between flag people, to avoid excessive ethnic integration and break the strategy of balance and containment, so it was necessary to maintain the organizational independence of the Eight Banner Army and the privileges enjoyed by the children of the Eight Banners for generations. The Yongzheng Emperor and the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty repeatedly emphasized that "the Eight Banners are the foundation of the country".
The Qianlong Emperor
The social welfare of the Manchus is significantly higher than that of the Han Chinese
Throughout the 268 years that the Qing Dynasty ruled the Central Plains since entering the Customs, the Manchus had various privileges relative to the Han, such as the Manchus were more likely to be officials than the Han in politics, pay attention to the "Manchu and Han different punishments" in the law, commit the same crimes in general, the Manchu punishment was lighter than that of the Han, and the Manchus who were the children of the Eight Banners could not work or pay taxes, and the state instead provided them with land and real estate, in addition to their livelihood, their livelihood was also fully responsible for the state, they could receive money and grain on a monthly basis, and there were other subsidies in case of red and white affairs.
The Eight Flags children smoked opium
In the early days of the founding of the Qing Dynasty, these Eight Banners disciples were still brave and good at war, invincible, but the country inherited peace for a long time, the war subsided, they lost their place of use, and by the end of the Qing Dynasty, their combat effectiveness was not as good as that of the Han people, such as the Xiang Army that pacified the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Huai Army that suppressed the Twist, and the Beiyang Six Towns New Army trained by Yuan Shikai later, etc. were all better than the Eight Banners, but despite this, these Eight Banners disciples still lay under the blessings of their ancestors and enjoyed privileges under the blessings of their ancestors. Live a life of leisure and be proud of it. They have nothing to do all day, men play tea, thrush, play tickets (non-professional actors engage in opera performances), gamble, fight crickets, fly kites, play musical instruments, sit in teahouses, and are busy eating, drinking and having fun all day long. Compared with the Han people who need to struggle and work hard, especially the Han people at the bottom, it is a world of difference!
Eight Flags Children Rack Birds
In the eyes of the Han people, these Eight Flags disciples are huge parasites crawling on the country, and their idle and carefree life is all obtained by exploiting the people's fat and people's anointing of the Han people.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchus changed their surnames to avoid disasters
Finally, in 1911, a gunshot in Wuchang ignited the cannon fire of the Xinhai Revolution, the whole land of China was like a mighty spring breeze, a long drought and Ganlin, under the slogan of "expelling the Tartars and restoring China", the Han people raised the banner of anti-Manchu platoon, the eight flag disciples who had been a mighty blessing also lost all kinds of privileges with the collapse of the Qing government, and the manchu identity also lost its former pride and pride, but became the object of everyone's shouting, and many Manchus changed their surnames to Han in order to avoid disasters. Concealing their Manchu identity, there were only 80,000 Manchus in the modern hukou.
The last emperor puyi after the abdication
Not only did the ordinary Manchus change their surnames, but those Manchu nobles betrayed their ancestors and changed their surnames because they were afraid of their hearts, and even the Ai Xinjue Luo clan also changed to Jin, Ai, Luo, Zhao, Zhao, zhao and other Han surnames. In addition, the noble surname Guarjia was changed to the Guan surname, and the famous actresses Guan Zhilin and Guan Xiaotong were Guarjia. The Niu Hulu clan was changed to Lang, Liu, Zheng, Yang, Lang, Shao, Fu, Xu, Jiang, Qian, Jin and other Han surnames, and the famous pianist Lang Lang was the Niu Cobalt Lu clan. The Shu Mulu clan was changed to Xiao, Xu, Shu and other Han surnames. The Herschel clan was changed to The Han surnames of Ying, Gao, Kang, He, and Suo. He was changed to Tang, Tan, Shu, Song, Bang and other Han surnames. Tong Jia changed to Tong, Tong, Tong, Dong and other Han surnames, and the famous actor Tong Dawei is Tong Jia. The Yehenara clan was changed to the Han surnames of Na, Nan, Ye, Bai, Wu, etc., and the Yehenara clan was the surname of Empress Dowager Cixi, and the most people changed it, for reasons that are self-evident. The famous female singer Na Ying is yehenara.
Empress
The descendants of the Manchu nobles said the reason for changing their surnames
The famous director Yingda is Herschel, so the full name is: Herschel Indah, he once said in a talk show that when the Qing Dynasty just fell, the Manchus changed their surnames, especially the Manchu nobles changed their surnames for survival needs, and the royal nobles at that time were the objects of everyone's shouting, so in that sensitive and chaotic period, the Manchus were afraid and had to change their surnames.
After the founding of New China, the chaos of the past has become the past, the ethnic policy implemented by New China is the policy of equality, in a good environment, the Manchu people began to recognize their ancestors one after another, in 1982 the census of the Manchus was 4.3 million, in 1990 it was 9.82 million, an increase of 128% in just a few years, which is 10 times the national population growth rate, most of which are the Manchus restored their true ethnic identity. Today, there are more than 10.41 million Manchus (2010 census data), of which the surname Aisin Kyora has reached 300,000 to 400,000.
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