The spring culture of the Han chinese
Sun Qingsong
Spring, all things stupidly and raw also. Spring and Autumn. The Ram's biography says, "The Spring One, the end of the opening up of heaven and earth, the head of all life, the place of the elephant, the beginning of the four hours." "Spring and sunshine, heaven and earth traffic, the revival of all things, the handover of yin and yang, suitable for cultivation and planting, so the people say: "The plan of the year lies in spring."
In ancient times, due to low productivity, people appeared powerless in the face of nature. The first few large tribes of the Han people, such as the Yan Emperor, the Yellow Emperor, the Emperor Huan, the Emperor Zhao, the Fuxi, etc., lived in the Yellow River and Yangtze River Basins for a long time. They live by the river, moving from water to grass, and make a living by fishing, hunting and gathering. At that time, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, the climate was warm, the sun was abundant, the grass and trees were fertile, and people could hunt and collect fruits in the forest, listen to the wailing of wild animals, birds and insects. However, in the winter, the cold wind gathered, the snow fluttered, and the ancestors who relied on the bark to shelter from the cold in the grass huts could not resist the invasion of nature, and often people froze and starved to death. They gathered together tremblingly, longing for the river to open the ice, the fish to jump into the waves, the warm sun to shine on the earth, and the flowers, birds, grasses and insects to come back to life. They waited and looked forward to the arrival of spring with vague memories. Therefore, when our ancestors created the word "spring", they understood the meaning in pictograms, which were exquisite and vivid and interesting. The spring character first appeared in the oracle bone work "", lin ri shape tun sound, indicating the germination of grass and trees. Seal book spring work "", from the grass from the sun. Grass, also born in the spring. How much hope did a "spring" word pin on the ancestors?
It is precisely because spring is inseparable from people's labor life, the ancestors of the Han nationality on the one hand defined it scientifically, but also put a mysterious veil on it, through various sacrificial activities, looking forward to the abundant grain, happiness and auspiciousness. In the old days, on the day before the establishment of spring, villages and villages would hold spring festival activities. The elderly in the village presided over the ceremony, burned incense and offered offerings, and people knelt on their knees to pray. There is a person who dresses up as the "God of Sentence Mang" and whips the "spring cow" that symbolizes farming, called "fighting spring". To this day, the countryside has a custom of playing spring every year. "Spring plate" is the day of spring, every household with vegetables, melons and fruits plated, each other to give each other blessings. In Du Fu's poem "Li Chun", "Spring Spring Plate Fine Lettuce, Suddenly Remembering the Time of the Two Beijing Plums", describes the matter of the farmer Li Chun Chun Plate. "Mulberry shadow oblique spring society scattered, family support intoxicating home" is the poet Wang Cha wrote the grand scene of "Spring Society". The Spring Shrine is dedicated to the land god on the fifth day after the establishment of spring. Spring is warm and icy, the earth is full of life, and the farmers always have to meet and worship the gods and set up a feast to celebrate. "Chun Zen" is also called "March 3", is the day, men, women and children put down the agricultural work, all go to the pond and river to play in the water, it is said that in this way to win the favor of the spring god, to eliminate disasters for themselves. The Spring Festival is also a lunar new year, which is the grandest and most grand festival of the Han people, with the new year's day of the summer calendar, that is, the first day of the first month of the first month as the "Spring Festival". During the festival, all the doors are pasted with spring couplets, and some places are also called door pairs, spring stickers, couplets, all of which are written on red paper and pasted on the door, taking more auspicious and joyful content. The old custom of spring festival is to provide for the ancestors to go to the grave, burn incense, set off firecrackers, eat reunion dinner, etc., although the vicissitudes of the past thousand years, some customs are still prevalent. Whether at home or abroad, where han People live, it is necessary to celebrate the Spring Festival.
Turning over the vast Chinese historical classics, the records and descriptions of spring are like clouds weaving, and the eyes are overwhelmed. The Han people's love and nostalgia for spring has a long history, and for thousands of years, it has been integrated into the psychology and behavior of the entire nation as a branch of the mainstream of Han culture, and has unique characteristics in the world national cultural park. Legend has it that Eve first created four people, two men and two women, with different personalities. A woman known as "Spring", beautiful and moving, Shu Ya is quiet, speaking slowly and slowly. A woman known as "Xia", with a fiery temperament and a bitter smile. A man known as "Autumn", honest and generous, not smiling, willing to dedicate. A man known as "Winter", cold and ruthless, overbearing. Eve placed the four people in the four seasons, because she loved the spring girl the most, so she put spring first, summer and autumn in the center, and winter second. Perhaps because of this beautiful legend, it has since made the "Spring Girl" written by the literati inker more poetic.
It is reported that there are eight Han people with the word "chun" in their names, especially "Changchun, Lichun, Ivy, Yuchun, Laichun, Yongchun, Qingchun, Chunqing, Fuchun, Sichun, Fengchun, Zhaochun, Yanchun, and Mingchun" as the most. Famous people in ancient and modern times include Li Chun, a bridge expert in the Sui Dynasty, Chang Yuchun, the founding general of the Ming Dynasty, Li Fuchun, a revolutionary, and so on. In her "Dream of the Red Chamber", Cao Xueqin takes "pity, exploration, and welcome" as the verb, supplemented by the word "spring", and deliberately portrays the three female figures of "xichun, exploring spring, and welcoming spring", which can be described as unique in the name of the character. Ancient and modern shops with the word "spring" in the door number, there are many, as for the trademark of wine and tea with "spring", there are more. According to the statistics of the industry and commerce department, at present, there are "spring" in the names of industrial and commercial enterprises on the mainland, accounting for 5% of their total. There are also community names, word brand names, place names, mountain names, water names, flower names, grass names, medicine names, etc., and the word "spring" is like a bright star. The gentleness of spring extends to "spring heart, nostalgia, love spring, dip spring, and provoke spring", alluding to the heart of love between men and women.
It can be seen that the liquid of spring culture has long been infiltrated and accumulated in the body and mind of the Han people, and it has matured with the history of Chinese civilization for 5,000 years, and has become a blossoming fairy in the Langyuan of Mainstream Chinese culture. From the sub-history scriptures to the poetry, calligraphy and painting, many literati and inkers in ancient and modern times have been in love with Linchun, with spring wing zhi, Linchun lyrics, and their beautiful sentences have been far-reaching, although they have been heard for thousands of years. The earliest record of spring events is Bu Ci, and Wing Chun poetry begins with the Book of Poetry. The Book of Poetry. The Daejeon recites the busy scene of preparing for ploughing and sowing in the spring. "The field is married, and both sow and are disciplined, and they are prepared for things." Take me as the qin, carry the southern acres, and sow a hundred grains. Both the court and the master, the great-grandson is Ruo. "The fertile field has a lot of crops, choose the seeds and repair the farm tools, and when the preparation is finished, I will start to use my farm tools to cultivate in Nanshan." Sow all kinds of seeds, and you will surely get what your master wants. Through the Chu Ci and Han Le to the Wei jin dynasty, by the Tang and Song dynasties, the poems, songs, and texts of writing spring had developed to the glorious peak of art. Du Fu'er listened to the spring night and gently chanted: "Good rain knows the season, when spring is happening." Dive into the night with the wind, and the moisturizer is silent. "One dive and one thin, the writing is long,ggedent, and the aftertaste is swirling." Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn" also writes about spring wind and spring rain, but he adds a touch of sadness to the blowing off a few flowers and leaves at night: "Spring sleep is not aware, and birds are smelled everywhere." The sound of wind and rain at night, how much flowers fall. Bai Juyi borrowed "grass" Song Chun: "Away from the grass on the original, one year old and one withered." Wildfires burn endlessly, and spring winds blow again. "Although the vitality of the weed is strong, it will only come back to life until the spring. Liu Yuxi wrote in a poem "Bamboo Branch Words" that the girl's love when she stepped on the spring, using a clear metaphor for love: "Yang Liu Qing QingJiang level, smell the Lang River singing." The sun rises in the east and the rains in the west, and the road is clear but sunny. "Su Shi's" bamboo peach blossom three or two branches, spring river plumbing duck prophet. "Bai Juyi's" sunrise river flowers are red than fire, and the spring river is as blue as blue. The "spring breeze of Mengjiao" is proud of the horseshoe disease, and the Chang'an flowers are seen in one day. The "Southern Tang Dynasty Li Hou Lord's" Ask jun can have a few sorrows, just like a river of spring water flowing eastward. "They have become the song of Chinese literature and art for eternity." For the praise and singing of spring, it is by no means a literati and inker, and many leading figures in history often borrow spring chants. In 1914, the 16-year-old Zhou Enlai published a poem in the Nankai School Newspaper entitled "Spring Day Occasionally Formed": "Cherry blossoms are red and strange, and willow leaves are green by the pool." In the sound of swallows, acacia for another year. Expressed his praise for spring and his longing for his loved ones.
Among the ancient prose masters, there is no one who writes spring by hand, such as Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Louji" of the Song Dynasty: "To Ruochun and Jingming, the waves are not alarming." Up and down the sky, a million acres. Sand gulls soar and scales swim. Shore Zhi Tinglan, lush green. Although Fan Zhongyan has never been to Dongting Lake, a beautiful picture depicting Dongting Lake jumps out of the paper. Among the masters of modern literature, those who write spring are like clouds, and Lu Xun, Lao She, Ba Jin, Zhu Ziqing, etc. have written immortal works of spring. "The ground is tender green, and even the pines that do not change their leaves are particularly delicate." The peach and blue-white buckets of large miscellaneous flowers are still clear in front of the eyes, and they can become colorful smoke mist in the distance. (Lu Xun: "Patching up the heavens") "Spring is like drunk, blowing through the spring clouds, revealing a crescent moon and a pair of spring stars." The willow branches on the riverbank swing lightly, Chunwa sings love songs, and the fragrance of tender pu is scattered in the heating of the Spring Festival Gala. I listen to the flow of water..." (Lao She: "Crescent Moon") "The spring of the following year finally came. The earth gradually changed color with the spring breeze. Spring brings life, joy, flowers, birdsong, warmth, new green, and many other things. (Ba Jin: "Spring") Spring has become a painting, a poem, a song, a symphony that reverberates among the blue sky and white clouds under the pen of the masters.
Thousands of years of cultural accumulation and life practice, in the Chinese language appeared countless conventional sentences, these idioms in turn guide people's labor and life. Listen, spring wind and rain, spring wind triumphant, spring wind full of faces, spring life and autumn killing, spring bright and bright, spring and autumn fruit, spring prayer autumn newspaper, spring and Jingming... Spring culture has endowed the Han people with a hardworking, brave, gentle and kind character, and enabled them to always live in harmony with nature, and the ideas of "yin and yang" and "unity of heaven and man" have become the cultural precursors of sustainable development in the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
The Ying point, Hirahara Countyn,