Speaking Manchu, learning paper-cutting, kicking stone balls, and performing Taiping drums...... In the Manchu Middle School of Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, various "fancy classrooms" make the highlights of characteristic ethnic education frequent.
Qinglong Manchu Middle School is the only minority middle school in Qinhuangdao City, with the proportion of Manchu teachers and students accounting for more than 90% of the school's total enrollment.
In recent years, the school has actively responded to the ethnic policy concept of "promoting all ethnic groups to hug each other like pomegranate seeds", and on the basis of ensuring students' daily curriculum learning, it has paid attention to excavating Manchu cultural resources, innovatively exploring and developing education with ethnic characteristics, actively developing a rich and colorful school-based curriculum, and opening up a new practical path to promote the all-round development of students.
Learning Manchu –
In-depth exploration of national culture
"Sean Baikby. Alas, bykbi ahb. Mosa Itgo Moda Ancient Faula Ab. Ise-Ge Ning, Uta Xin, Botamu, Jiningo. Jagetan. This text is not gibberish, but translated into Chinese, it is, "What's the matter with you? It's been a long time since we've seen each other. yes, I'm going to see you today. That's great. "This is a Manchu language school where students are practicing conversations in Manchu.
Students practice Manchu conversation in a Manchu class.
There are more than 40 Manchu students in the Manchu language school at Qinglong Manchu Middle School, and they have a lot of interest in their own national language. As the times changed, fewer and fewer people could speak Manchu, and the Manchu language almost died out in daily communication. In the eyes of the school students, as a Manchu, it is still necessary to know some basic Manchu conversations.
Students wear national costumes for Manchu language learning.
In the Manchu Folk Hall on the east side of the Manchu Language School, several students are reciting the commentary, and because they have performed well in the Manchu Language School, they have been selected as docents of the Folk Customs Hall. The little docents told the people about the history, culture and folk customs of the Manchu people in both Manchu and Chinese, which has become a major feature of the Manchu middle school.
Li Shaojun, the instructor of the Manchu language school, is a Manchu who has had a strong interest in the culture, history and language of his people since he was a child. In order to inherit the national language of Manchu, Li Shaojun first studied systematically with native Manchu speakers in Sanjiazi Village, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, which is known as the "living fossil of Manchu in the world", and later went to Hebei Normal University for Nationalities in Chengde for special Manchu language training, which laid a solid foundation for the teaching of the school.
Li Shaojun told reporters that in today's society, although the Manchu language has less and less practical value in communication, it carries the profound historical culture and national quality of the Manchu people, and is the most concentrated embodiment of the Manchu people's rich traditional culture and unique way of thinking for thousands of years. The most direct teaching result of the Manchu language school is to make the students interested in history, and their grades in literature and history subjects are generally very good.
Manchu art –
Subtly improve literacy
In a classroom at Qinglong Manchu Middle School, teacher Xing Meihong is leading the students of the paper-cutting club to learn Manchu paper-cutting techniques.
Born in the specific cultural background and living environment of the Manchu folk, the Manchu paper-cut has an exaggerated and peculiar shape, which concentrates on reproducing the traditional production and life scenes of the Manchu people, the ancient cultural traditions and the folk customs of the year.
The paper-cutting club carries out characteristic paper-cutting teaching.
The "Manchu Wedding Customs" series of paper-cuts placed at one end of the classroom is Xing Meihong's most recent work. According to her, the Manchu paper-cutting techniques are divided into two kinds: "cutting" and "carving", "cutting" requires profound basic skills, "carving" is relatively simple, she basically lets students practice "carving" techniques first.
Students are using Manchu paper-cutting techniques to create.
The students held knives in their hands and carefully carved them on the paper according to the lines, and the strength, depth, and turning had unique doorways. After a class, a Manchu characteristic paper-cut with the theme of gourd was presented in front of everyone.
"Through paper cutting, I learned more about my own people. "Zhang Xinran, an eighth-grade student, has been a member of the paper-cutting club for more than half a year, and paper-cutting has brought her a lot of happiness. In the interview, the reporter learned that through the practice of Manchu characteristic paper-cutting, the students not only have a deeper understanding of Manchu history and culture, but also imperceptibly exercise endurance, concentration and concentration.
The school organizes a paper-cutting competition every year on the occasion of the New Year, so that students can communicate and learn from each other and make progress together. "By learning Manchu paper-cutting, students have become more in love with the excellent traditional Chinese culture. Xing Meihong said.
Characteristic Education——
There's something for every student
On the school playground, Manchu sports such as squatting and spinning tops are in full swing.
Squatting is offered in the physical education class.
Keju, also known as "kicking stone ball", is developed from the ancient Keju sport in the mainland. The player kicks the ball with the sole of his foot to roll the ball forward, and the score is calculated based on the situation when the ball hits the opponent or his own ball. Because the rules of the game are similar to billiards, squatting is also known as "snooker with kicks".
The spinning top originated from the "Bingga" in the Northeast. The defender spins the top on the floor to make it spin steadily, and the attacker throws the top and knocks the defender's top out of bounds. The gyro team of Qinglong Manchu Middle School has represented Hebei Province in the National National Games for five consecutive years, winning 14 gold medals, 11 silver medals and 9 bronze medals. "People's Daily", "Hebei Daily" and "Qinhuangdao Daily" have all reported. CCTV's "Rural Collection" column team made a special trip to the school for an interview, and made a feature film to be broadcast on CCTV Channel 7. Qinglong Manchu Middle School has also been jointly established by the Hebei Provincial Department of Education, the Sports Bureau and the Bureau of Ethnic and Religious Affairs as the "Hebei Province Ethnic Minority Traditional Sports Project (Gyro) Training Base", "National Sports Project School" and "Ethnic Culture and Education Characteristic School".
Zhang Xuegang, principal of Qinglong Manchu School, told reporters that at present, the two national sports of squatting and spinning top have corresponding majors in colleges and universities, which are more conducive to students' further education and employment while promoting traditional national culture.
The reporter learned that Qinglong Manchu Middle School, which was founded in 1978, has always had a tradition of carrying out Manchu characteristic education. However, with the development of society and changes in the school situation, some special education has been stagnant during this period. In recent years, combined with the fact that most of the teachers and students are Manchus, the school has tried to appropriately increase the education with ethnic characteristics on the basis of the students' daily education.
Students collectively perform Manchu Taiping drums.
In order to boost the enthusiasm and confidence of the teachers and students of the school, Zhang Xuegang also led the resumption of the Manchu Taiping drum performance. The Manchu Taiping Drum is a collective project, which is difficult to create and has a long training cycle. In order to organize and practice the Manchu Taiping drum, Zhang Xuegang not only bears the pressure in the school, but also seeks the understanding of the students' parents. "Many parents believe that participating in extra-curricular activities will affect students' normal learning, but practice has proved that participating in some extra-curricular activities reasonably will promote students' learning. Zhang Xuegang said, "On the surface, extracurricular activities will delay some time for students, but in fact, through the correct guidance of teachers, it can stimulate students' potential, improve students' mental state, and make them more active and enthusiastic about learning and living." ”
Students practice the Manchu Taiping drum.
At the Qinhuangdao City Sports Meeting in the spring of 2023, more than 100 students from Qinglong Manchu Middle School participated in the large-scale performance "Taiping Drum", which was not only highly praised by all sectors of society, but also won the Outstanding Performance Program Award.
Today, every student at Qinglong Manchu Middle School can find their favorite Manchu cultural and sports programs. Through the study of these projects, they have a better understanding of the history and culture of their hometown, enhance their love for their hometown and motherland, and develop their qualities in all aspects.
The principle of "four determinations"——
Inside and outside the classroom complement each other
How to complement each other's learning and club activities with ethnic characteristics is a problem that Qinglong Manchu Middle School has been exploring. To this end, the school creatively introduced the "four determinations" principle.
The so-called "four determinations" means that there is a certain place, there is a special venue for special activities; the second set of teachers, each activity has a special teacher in charge; the third set of plans, each club activity must have a corresponding plan; four fixed courses, the relevant courses must be repeatedly scrutinized before they can be officially launched. Through the principle of "four determinations", the school has carried out a series of club activities with Manchu characteristics.
In recent years, in the context of the "double reduction" policy, many schools have launched extended services. Qinglong Manchu Middle School brings together students who are particularly interested in Manchu culture and allows them to participate in club activities during extended service hours. This creative practice has made Qinglong Manchu Middle School rated as "Hebei Province After-school Extended Service Demonstration School".
Through the development of national characteristic education, the students of Qinglong Manchu Middle School have undergone significant changes. "The students' spirit is there, and under the influence of education with national characteristics, their national pride and national self-confidence have been continuously enhanced. The students' tolerance and concentration have also improved significantly, and more importantly, the students' comprehensive literacy has been improved. Zhang Xuegang said.
In recent years, Qinglong Manchu Middle School has been rated as "National Advanced Art Education Unit" and "Hebei Province Excellent School of Invention and Creation", and has been rated as "Advanced Collective of National Sports Work" at the provincial and municipal levels for many times.
"Inheriting the excellent traditional Chinese culture is an important mission of school education. The experience of Manchu middle schools in innovating and carrying out education with national characteristics has enlightened us that the culture with national characteristics is full of wisdom and strength, which is the driving force and source for us to continue to move forward. Yue Yonghua, deputy county magistrate of Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County, secretary of the party group and director of the County Education and Sports Bureau, said.
Reporter: Chen Yinyu
Correspondents: Cui Ling, Liu Zhuo
Editor: Li Zhicai
Editor-in-charge: Liu Fuqing
Supervisor: Wang Qing