After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1945, the contradictions between the Kuomintang and the Communists escalated due to the problem of interests, when the Nationalist army received a large amount of military assistance from the United States, occupied most of the territory of the country, and also suffered from the shadow of the former leader of the Nationalist army, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and occupied the party and government advantages in the country at that time.
In August of the same year, Chiang Kai-shek, forced by the growing demand for peace among the people at home, invited our side to Chongqing three times after the Japanese army announced its unconditional surrender, and signed the Double Tenth Agreement on October 10 of the same year.
In January 1946, Chiang Kai-shek's side had a fierce conflict over the issue of land ownership after the withdrawal of the Japanese army from the northeast, and the military conflict between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party continued to escalate in the northeast.
Because Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist army was an important ally of the United States in the Asian region, Marshall, then US President Harry Truman's envoy, came forward to demand that the Nationalists and Communists stop the civil war in early June.
During the armistice, the Kuomintang and the Communists failed to negotiate over political conflicts in northern Jiangsu, and then launched a fierce military conflict in the Central Plains of Guannei.
In the following time, the two sides talked and fought, and the reasons for the war were various, and this situation continued until October, when Marshall and the third party constantly mediated and intervened in the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communists, but they could not resolve the contradictions between the two.
In November 1946, after repeated interventions by the United States were ineffective, Chiang Kai-shek decided to unilaterally convene a constituent national convention to formulate the Constitution of the Republic of China.
In October 1947, our side launched a strategic counterattack, and the Yan'an side issued a declaration, putting forward the slogan of "overthrowing the national army and liberating the whole country".
In 1948, at the Constituent National Convention, the Nationalist Army elected Chiang Kai-shek as the The President of the Republic of China, and paved the way for the civil war with Yan'an, abolishing legal tender and implementing gold coupons, causing serious domestic inflation and leading to the complete collapse of the domestic economic cycle.
Since then, the Yan'an side has taken "the countryside encircling the cities" as its strategic policy, cooperated with the surging wave of popular anger and study, and at the same time accepted Soviet assistance and advanced standard weapons left by the Japanese army in the northeast, and launched an all-round struggle against the Nationalist army.
Until the beginning of 1949, after the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin, the military strength of the Nationalist army had completely collapsed, and at this time, faced with the incomparable situation of our army, Bai Chongxi and Li Zongren, representatives of the Gui clan within the Nationalist army, asked Chiang Kai-shek to go down to the field to negotiate peace with our army.
Due to the series of high-pressure policies implemented by Chiang Kai-shek within the Nationalist army, as well as the large-scale defection of senior officials within the Nationalist army at that time, Chiang Kai-shek was already facing a situation where no one could use it and no one dared to use it.
Seeing this situation, Chiang Kai-shek had no intention of fighting again, and at the same time, he also understood in his heart that the current decline was close to an irreparable situation, so he began to seek a way out.
He adopted Zhang Qiyun's proposal and decided to deploy his retreat route with the Nationalist army in the Taiwan area as a retreat route after the defeat of his own troops, and then he sent his close associate Chen Cheng to the Taiwan area to serve as the deputy commander of the Taiwan garrison area.
In March, Chen Cheng was reappointed as the number one in the Taiwan region, taking over the military and political power in the Taiwan region, and helping Chiang Kai-shek to operate in the Taiwan region, and Chen Cheng did not disappoint Chiang Kai-shek's high expectations, and as soon as he arrived in the Taiwan area, he carried out land reform, did his best to promote overseas economic development, and paved the way for Chiang Kai-shek's withdrawal to the Taiwan area.
After that, Chiang Kai-shek led the remnants of the defeated Nationalist army to retreat all the way to Chongqing, but the people had not yet sat still, and the two provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan announced their independence from the rule of the Nationalist army, at this time our army was approaching Chengdu, and Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to continue to lead the remnants of the Nationalist army to continue to retreat, but at this time there was no way to retreat.
Finally, on December 13, 1949, Chiang Kai-shek led his remnants and relatives to flee to the Taiwan area, and when he stepped on a plane from Chengdu Phoenix Mountain Airport to the Taiwan area, the news of his escape had reached Ye Jianying, who was then the commander and political commissar of the 15th Corps of our army.
So, how did Ye Jianying know about this news?
Originally, Chengdu Airport had contacted Guangzhou Airport before Chiang Kai-shek's plane took off, because Chiang Kai-shek's plane was going through Guangzhou at that time, and it was necessary to contact Guangzhou Airport to confirm the local weather conditions, and Guangzhou at that time had been liberated by our army, but there were still some Nationalist military personnel at the airport.
Because they had worked together, the Guangzhou airport quickly learned of Chiang Kai-shek's preparations for fleeing overseas, and this news was quickly reported, when the person in charge of the airport took over proposed: to use fighter jets to intercept Chiang Kai-shek's planes, or simply to shoot chiang kai-shek's planes down.
Faced with these proposals from his subordinates, Ye Jianying said that he needed to ask his superiors to consider the long term and not to take measures without authorization, but the request for instructions to the party organization was delayed in getting a reply, and the subordinates suggested that they should be cut down first and then beaten down.
However, Ye Jianying was convinced that there must be some concern in the lack of organizational response, so he suppressed the mentality of his subordinates, so Chiang Kai-shek was finally able to flee safely to the Taiwan area.
But why did the organization choose to let Chiang Kai-shek go?
As early as 1949, the United States intervened in China's internal affairs by continuously providing military assistance to the Nationalist army, and the United States did so on the one hand because our military's momentum at home was expanding, but at that time the United States still had a hard opponent in the international arena, that is, the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union and our army adhered to socialist development, and the Soviet Union maintained friendly diplomatic relations with our country at that time, and also provided large-scale military assistance to our country during the War of Resistance.
The United States and the Soviet Union began to compete for the status of world hegemony after World War II, and the United States naturally did not want to see another powerful socialist country rise in the international arena and shake the hegemony of the United States.
On the other hand, due to the special geographical location of the Taiwan region, the United States is worried that the Soviet Union will manipulate the Taiwan region and threaten the strategic deployment of the United States in the Pacific region.
At that time, the ideal person selected by the United States was Chiang Kai-shek, but Chiang Kai-shek's unilateral act of tearing up the Double Tenth Agreement in disregard of the ideas of the American side made the American side very disappointed in him.
However, at this time, the United States had no choice, and in order to prevent our army from interfering with the US plan to intervene in Asia, it could only continuously provide assistance to the Nationalist army, but although Chiang Kai-shek was ambitious, he was well aware of the purpose of the Americans and frequently violated the instructions of the Americans.
In the face of the large-scale rout of the Nationalist army and Chiang Kai-shek's inaction, the United States decided to abandon Chiang Kai-shek, because they learned in advance that Chiang Kai-shek had sent his close associate Chen Cheng to the Taiwan area in advance for strategic deployment, so they set their sights on Chen Cheng.
Chen Cheng, who came from the Whampoa Military Academy, has always been one of Chiang Kai-shek's most trusted confidants, but it is precisely because of the series of measures to promote economic reform that Chen Cheng has carried out in the Taiwan area that he has gained great prestige here, and the Americans are very satisfied with Chen Cheng's behavior, believing that he is one of the candidates who can replace Chiang Kai-shek, so they sent Mo Chengde, counselor at the Embassy in China at that time, to secretly lobby Chen Cheng.
Chen Cheng was quite impressed by the price offered by the Americans, but because he himself had always been loyal to Chiang Kai-shek and was moved by the lobbying of the United States, he was hesitant to make up his mind.
The United States also judged that Chen Cheng's move was due to the existence of Chiang Kai-shek, and if Chiang Kai-shek died, Chen Cheng would most likely defect and defect.
Just when Chiang Kai-shek's troops were defeated and fled to the Taiwan region, the United States urgently hoped that Chiang Kai-shek's special plane would be destroyed by our army, so that the United States could support Chen Cheng to come to power and make its plot succeed.
However, the intention of the United States has been well understood by the leaders of our army, so it was impossible to intercept or shoot down Chiang Kai-shek's special plane under any circumstances, because Chiang Kai-shek was such a heroic figure and how could he be willing to be a puppet of the Americans.
Moreover, Chiang Kai-shek is well aware of the great national righteousness and has always maintained the one-China principle; he will never let the Americans transform the Taiwan region into its own strategic point, and only such figures as Chiang Kai-shek can resist the continuous infiltration of the United States.
Facts have proved that Chiang Kai-shek's series of measures in the Taiwan area confirmed the wise and far-sighted decision-making of the leaders of our army at that time.
In 1954, in view of the direct hostile relations of the Chinese Government, the Americans were not dead-hearted, and began to seek out the Chiang Kai-shek authorities to negotiate a mutual defense treaty, sparing no effort to promote the development of the policy of dividing the territory, in an attempt to separate the Taiwan region from China's territory and further control the Taiwan region.
Although Chiang Kai-shek was defeated and left the Taiwan region, he was still able to uphold the great righteousness in his heart, repeatedly telling the Americans that the Taiwan region has been an inseparable part of China's territory since ancient times, and questioning the Americans' move is clearly an ulterior motive.
It is precisely under the influence of Chiang Kai-shek that the US conspiracy to split the Taiwan region has not succeeded, and has won several decades for China's economic development.