There are many opinions about the reasons for the demise of the Ming Empire, and later historians, when mentioning its direct causes, will mention the peasant revolt at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the rise of the Later Jin (Manchu Qing) in the north.
The Tusi Rebellion that occurred in the southwestern Sichuan-Qian region (known in history as the "Rebellion of Luxury", and later known as the "Azhe Rebellion") was rarely valued and mentioned by historians.
But if we really turn this page of history, we will find that this mutiny that lasted fourteen years (from the first year of the Apocalypse to the seventh year of Chongzhen) affected the local forces of ethnic minorities in Sichuan and Qian provinces, and it was the last straw that crushed the Ming Empire.
I. "Century Emperor, Millennium Toast" A local separatist regime that lasted in 1474
The leader of the rebellion, the Shui Xi'an clan, from the first year of the Shu Han Jianxing (223) to the thirty-seventh year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1698), the shi chang Shui Xi, a total of 1474 years.
Deep roots in the water west. The history is long, the four parties are married, the troops are the strongest, and the region is the largest.
In the past, the southwest suppressed rebellion, and the Ming Dynasty all relied on Shuixi.
As far as the Rebellion of Yang Yinglong, which had been the propaganda of Bozhou for more than 20 years since the Early An Rebellion, was concerned, without the An clan and the mediocre Qian soldiers alone, Guiyang would have fallen long ago.
Northwestern Qianxi bordered sichuan and Yunnan provinces, roughly equivalent to the jurisdiction of the Qing Dynasty's Guizhou DadingFu, and ruled over a large area of land including present-day Bijie, Dafang, Qianxi, Zhijin, Nayong, Jinsha and other counties.
At least in the Yuan Dynasty, Mu'ougou's power had crossed the Yachi River in the upper reaches of the Wu River and extended eastward to the area of present-day Guiyang, but the center of rule was west of the Yachi River, so Mu'ougou was also known as Shuixi, and the Ming Dynasty, according to the old practice of the previous dynasty, gave the ruler of Shuixi the title of Guizhou XuanweiSi Xuanwei Envoy.
The Ming system, XuanWei envoys from sanpin, as the highest grade of toast, Zhu Yuanzhang also edicted that "Guizhou Xuanwei makes Misty Cui rank above each Xuanwei envoy", which shows the important position of Shuixi Toast.
Since Emperor Ming Yingzong gave the surname, Shuixi Junchang began to adopt the Han surname - An, and implemented the Yi and Han dual name system, so it was also called Shui Xi'an.
The Yongning Clan was a toast of Yongning, Sichuan (present-day Luzhou, Sichuan, along the Jiang'an Hejiang River), and was married to the Shuixi'an clan for generations, belonging to the relationship of cold lips and dead teeth, one loss and one death.
Second, the "four most" trace the source and start a fire
Shuixi Toast sits on four "Guizhou's Best": the earliest establishment, the longest hereditary, the most extensive area, and the greatest influence.
Tracing back to the roots, Shuixi Tusi began in the third year of The Han Dynasty 's lord Jianxing (225 AD) and ended in the thirty-seventh year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1698), from the first Jiji (Qi Qi) to the eighty-fifth An Shengzu, from the initial barbarian chief, The King of Luodian to the Shuixi pacifying envoy, the title of Liu geng, which lasted up to 1474 years.
1. The ancestry of Shuixi Toast can be traced back
Originating from the Luoshi clan in Kunming, the world lives in the Luoyi Mountains, with the mountain passage as the industry, day by day, living in a group.
According to its genealogy, the first generation of this clan was Mu Qi Qi (i.e., Zhu Ming of Shi Zai), and the second was Qi Qi Huo.
According to its naming custom, the father's name is before the crown, and the real name is after, which coincides with the West.
In the history of Shuixi, Ji Huo is a groundbreaking hero who created a thousand-year-old toast kingdom.
2. Seven captures of Meng, laying the foundation
The first major event that made Shuixi go down in history was to assist Zhuge Liang in capturing Meng.
The historical deeds of Zhuge Liang's seven captures of Meng are well known, and Ji Huo did not make an enemy of Meng Huo, but took the initiative to donate military food, cut down mountain passages like his ancestors, helped Wang Shi solve problems, assisted Zhuge Liang in subduing Meng Huo, and maintained the stability and tranquility of the party.
As a result, he was crowned king of Luodian and obtained a large territory in western Guizhou. The imperial court ordered him to live up to his land, to undertake the heavy task of maintaining the stability of the party, and at the same time laid the foundation for the original foundation of the Shuixi Toast.
3. From the ghost lord to the ghost country
From the Second Jihuo to the Nineteenth Erbe, they lived in the west of the water.
By the time of the Thirty-eighth Aza, the Thirty-ninth Ardor, and the Forty-40th Ata, the local folk worshipped ghosts, gathered tribes every year to sacrifice ghosts, and publicly promoted the most powerful tribe as ghost lords, and the fifty-third generations stole the name of Luo Shi Ghost Lord.
Starting from the Later Han Dynasty, through the Three Kingdoms and Two Jin Dynasties, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, the Luo Shi Na Tu raided the lords, multiplied and grew.
In the fifteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty, that is, in 1278 AD, the lord of the Luo clan ghost kingdom, Ah Ju, was entrusted with the title of appeasement envoy, and the toast system was officially implemented in the Shuixi region.
The Court of the Great Yuan Dynasty was bounded by the Wujiang River and was divided into two parts, Shuidong and Shuixi, and the Luo ghost lord still lived in Shuixi, which was called Luoshi Ghost Kingdom.
The "History of Ming" has the following record: "(Shui Xi'an) shi had soil in Shuixi, and Xuan Wei made Xia Cuiqi also descend, and later became an an clan"
"An's territorial water west, Song's territorial water east".
Third, the Ming Dynasty system, the combination of anti-strike
In the fifth year of Ming Hongwu (1372), Shuixi Xuanfu made Xia Cui and Shuidong Xuanfu tongzhi Song Menggu (later given the name Qin) into the imperial raiding post, and were listed as the main and deputy Xuanwei envoys.
Shuixi and Shuidong were both in Guizhou (present-day Guiyang).
After Song Qin's death, Xia Cui was old and was appointed by Song Qin's wife Liu Shuzhen (or Liu Ranzhu) and Xia Cui's wife, Huan Xiang, respectively.
Shuixi Dynasty Toastmaster was externally known as Xuanfu Envoy or Xuanfu Envoy, who was a conferred official of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, and internally called himself "Tho Mu" (or Fun Curtain), and his wife was called "Naiye" (一作德), the largest slave owner and supreme ruler in the whole territory.
It consists of nine pulls, nine verticals, and thirteen streams of earth houses and soil eyes, forming a set of well-established administrative systems that rule the people of all ethnic groups throughout the territory.
The whole territory is thirteen streams, each of which is placed by a Mu Mao as a du, filled by the Tho Mu Zhi Sect, and a Mu Kui town, just like the han Dynasty feudal state.
Tho Mu set up official villages in each of the rivers, the cultivators were official households, and the lower-level officials were granted land, which was cultivated by the people of all ethnic groups, forming a slave system.
From the day Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Empire, in the southwest, his biggest dream was to "change the land and return to the stream."
Concentrating all power in the hands of the Ming government, in the second year of the victory of Pingnan (hongwu fifteen years), Zhu Yuanzhang's Pingnan army set up guards in Bijie, Chishui, Qixingguan, Heizhang (Hezhang), Wadian and other places in An's Shuixi sphere of influence on the way back, so that Fu Youde controlled Shuixi with a large number of troops, saying that "the land of mist and green must be determined by 100,000 people."
Luxury incense endures humiliation and bears heavy burdens and safeguards national unity
After Shuixi returned to the Ming Dynasty, the relationship between the tribute and horses became increasingly close to the imperial court, and its power was greatly expanded.
The place is 4,000 miles, and the victorious soldiers are 480,000.
The strength of Shuixi Tusi's power aroused the suspicion of local officials of the Ming Dynasty.
In the 16th year of Hongwu, the Ming Dynasty and Guizhou commander Ma Yu (一作馬晔), wanted to invite Bian Gong, and used the excuse of naked tarts to provoke and prepare for conquest.
Focusing on the unification and stability of the country, Xiang Xiang sued Jinjing the following year, and was willing to serve in the development of the Western Province and the protection of the world.
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang recalled Ma Yu to punish the crime and gave him luxury incense.
Therefore, she led the people to open the post roads in Dongziqiao (present-day Shibing, Guizhou) and Xida Wusa (present-day Weining, Guizhou), and lilongchang Jiuyi, which further strengthened the connection between Shuixi and the Central Dynasty, and gradually developed the remote northwestern region of Qian.
Ming Ting decided to lose 30,000 stones per year.
Fourth, the toasts of the post-luxury era
Emperor Mingying gave the surname "An":
Shuixi Toast has a name and no surname since ancient times, which is different from Han culture.
The Seventy-second Toast Dragon Shop (Ichijo Longfu) went to see Emperor Mingyingzong and asked for his surname, replying that there was no surname.
Therefore, Emperor Yingzong gave his original place as Anxi (an yizhi), and gave the surname An, and since then, Shuixi has taken An as his surname.
With Wang Yangming's timeless story:
Wang Yangming, because he offended the magnates, was demoted to Guizhou Longchang Yicheng, and at that time, Guizhou was miasma and the environment was relatively harsh.
An Guirong, the seventy-fourth toastmaster of Guizhou at that time (a descendant of Lady Xiang), had great respect for Mr. Yang Ming, and knowing that Mr. Yang Ming's living conditions in Longchang were difficult, he sent people to send meat, rice, gold, drapery, and kurama to Yang Mingdong to help Mr. Yang Ming solve his needs for food, clothing, shelter, and transportation, and also sent people to carry water and cut firewood for Mr. Yang Ming, which can be described as thoughtful.
Except for the oil, salt, and rice left by Mr. Yang Ming, the rest of them were politely thanked, but the two became friends.
An Guirong was worried that Shuixi Yi was the heart of the imperial court and was unfavorable to himself, and was ready to subtract Shuixi Jiuyi, and Mr. Yang Ming wrote to him to analyze the drawbacks, so that An Guirong realized and gave up the plan to reduce the yi.
Shuidong Miao chieftains Aja and Aza gathered a crowd to rebel and force Guiyang, An Guirong did not send troops to stop it, and Mr. Yang Ming again wrote to An Guirong, stating the stakes and persuading him to send troops, quelling a great chaos.
Mr. Yang Ming was also invited by Xuan Consolation Envoy An Guirong to compose the "Record of the Elephant Ancestral Hall" for the elephant shrine restored by the Yi people in Shuixi.
"The mountain of Lingbo has an elephant shrine. The dwellers of the Miao Yi under it, the salty gods and the shrines." "Xuan Wei An Jun, because of the request of Zhu Miaoyi, the new ancestral house, please remember it."
Mr. Yang Ming pointed out through this article that "there are no uneducated people in the world."
Assisted the imperial court in suppressing the rebellion of Yang Yinglong in Bozhou
When Yang Yinglong, the toastmaster of Bozhou, rebelled against the imperial court, the seventy-ninth anjiangchen of Shuixi was guilty, and since Shuixi and the Yang clan of Bozhou were also in-laws for generations, the position of Anjiangchen inevitably wavered.
Guo Zizhang, who was the governor of Guizhou at the time, was a man of foresight and foresight, who made An Jiangchen make meritorious contributions to his sins, turned the enemy into me, and cut off the Yang clan's support.
In this vicious battle with heavy casualties, mountains of corpses, and "the water of the Wujiang River does not flow", the officers and troops won a difficult victory and finally eliminated the Yang clan.
Shui Xi, who had not been assisted by the abuse, was also saved, temporarily avoiding the fate of ruin like Bozhou.