Author: Xia Xingxing Source: "Party History Collection"
Deng Fa, this name is mysterious and magical for people nowadays. In the "Eternal Monument" broadcast by Xinhua News Agency, Deng Fa's name was mentioned again, calling him "one of the famous leaders of the mainland workers' movement." Those who have read Snow's "Journey to the West" will not be unfamiliar with this name, he was called "the leader of the Chinese Red Army secret service" by Snow, and the famous Li Kenong and Pan Hannian were his subordinates.
1. In the bloody storm, Deng Fa remained in danger and became the leader of the labor movement
Deng Fa, formerly known as Wuzhao, was born on March 7, 1906 in Yunfu County, Guangdong Province. His father, Deng Xingqi, and his mother, Ou Shi, only lived by renting a few acres of thin land from the landlord, and their lives were often unsustainable, so they had to occasionally do small business to support the poor family. At the age of fifteen, he went out with his fifth brother Deng Fang to Guangzhou, Hong Kong and other places to make a living, and successively worked as a handyman in hotels, steamship companies and foreign ships. During this period, he became acquainted with Su Siu-ching, a workers' leader who often traveled between Hong Kong and the province. Under the influence of Su Zhaozheng, Deng Fa gradually understood the truth of the revolution. From then on, he was determined to fight for the emancipation of the working class all his life. So, he joined the seafarers' union and the foreigners' union.
In the spring of 1922, the first upsurge of the Chinese workers' movement began. In January of that year, Deng Fa participated in the Hong Kong seamen's strike and became an active member of the workers' movement. On June 19, 1925, the world-famous provincial and Hong Kong strikes began, and Deng Fa was the backbone of this general strike. He was elected to the Provincial-Hong Kong Strike Committee and served as the leader of the workers' pickets, making an outstanding contribution to the victory of the strike. In October of the same year, he joined the Communist Party of China and continued to lead the workers' movement. In the summer of 1926, when the Northern Expedition began, Deng Fa, then the leader of the Northern Expedition Youth Working Group of the Kuomintang Guangdong Provincial Party Department, assisted Chen Yannian, Deng Zhongxia, Su Zhaozheng and others in organizing propaganda teams, transport teams and ambulance teams, and followed the Northern Expeditionary Army to the Central Plains, providing strong logistical support.
▲In the spring of 1922, Hong Kong seafarers went on strike.
In the spring of 1927, Deng Fa returned to Guangdong and served as the secretary of the branch of the Guangdong Oil Federation of Trade Unions of the Communist Party of China. After the test of protracted revolutionary struggle, his revolutionary experience has become richer and richer, and his quality in the face of danger is praised by his comrades. On April 15 of that year, the reactionaries in Guangzhou, following Chiang Kai-shek, carried out a massacre of communists and workers' activists, and the reactionary military and police searched for Deng Fa everywhere. He ordered his comrades to move immediately, but he himself fled through the window after burning the documents. When the enemy met Deng Fa, he saw him quietly painting a portrait of a child with a paintbrush in his hand, thinking that he was a painter!
In December 1927, Deng Fa participated in the famous Guangzhou Uprising and served as the deputy commander of the 5th District, commanding the oil workers to fight. For a time, the rebel army established the Soviet power in Canton, but due to the disparity in strength between the enemy and us, the uprising quickly failed. At this time, Deng Fa took the initiative to lead the workers' Red Guards to the vicinity of the Long Causeway in Guangzhou to block the enemy, cover the retreat of the rebel troops, and bravely and tenaciously fought a bloody battle with dozens of times the enemy. At around 3 p.m. on December 13, after the successful completion of the blocking mission and the remaining three Red Guards remained, Deng Fa's unruly quality in the face of danger was once again fully revealed: everyone split up and hidden, and dispersed to preserve the strength. Subsequently, he ran to No. 5 Archway Lane, Sipailou, Guangzhou, and hid in the house of his fourth uncle, Deng Beishui, and the enemy was very anxious to chase him. As soon as he entered the house, he commanded: "Now the enemy is searching everywhere, don't be afraid, the enemy has not seen me come in, as long as you are calm, you will be fine." He asked his cousin Deng Liancai to give him a bowl of cold water to drink, settled his mind, and asked the fourth uncle to find a few old prescription papers, and poured some dirty water from the spittoon to Deng Liancai's bedside, covered it with some ashes, and pretended that the "patient" had vomited. Then, he himself lay on Deng Liancai's bed and pretended to be sick.
When everything was dealt with, in less than half an hour, the reactionary military police searched for it. As soon as they entered the door, a few enemies with guns asked fiercely: Is there any Communist Party coming in? If the Communist Party is collected, it will be killed immediately. At this critical moment, Deng Fa was very calm and pretended to be very sick. An enemy tried to approach his bed and touch him with his hands, but when he found a pile of "sick" and "vomited" dirt in front of the bed, and saw that this "patient" did not look like he was pretending to be sick, he immediately covered his mouth with his hand and quickly exited the room. Then, after saying a few words, "It is forbidden to harbor the Communist Party," they searched elsewhere. In the evening, the reactionary army went from house to house and killed people everywhere. For safety, Deng Fa's brother moved him from No. 5 Torii Lane to his home. It is very dangerous to go out at this time. In order to avoid the enemy, Deng Fa asked his brother to hurry back to the canteen of the Public Security Bureau (his brother was at the Provincial Public Security Bureau at that time) to get a large "wind lantern" printed with the words "Public Security Bureau". However, not long after entering the house, he heard the sound of the enemy searching next door, and Deng Fa had an idea: he hung the "wind lantern" printed with the words of the Public Security Bureau on the door, opened the door, and the two brothers stood by the door, causing the appearance that the people from the Public Security Bureau were searching the house. In this way, when the enemy searched the door, he saw that there was a "wind lantern" hanging in front of the door, and thought that someone from the public security bureau was searching the house, so he ran to search other people's homes. At the critical juncture, Deng Fa was not afraid of danger, calm, and escaped with the cooperation of his family.
▲ Young Deng Fa.
In February 1928, Deng Fa was ordered to return to his hometown in Yunfu to hide, which was not an easy task. In Guangzhou at that time, the reactionaries set up sentry posts everywhere, searched for Communists, and killed them as soon as they were caught. Huiyunfu had to take a boat to the Xijiang River, and the enemy searched the station and dock the most at that time. In order to avoid the enemy's severe search, Deng Fa used the "charcoal" skills he had learned, disguised himself as a person who painted "charcoal", took the tools of "charcoal" and several "charcoal" he had painted in the past (there are two of them in the Yunfu Martyrs' Museum), put on a pair of flat glasses, pretended to go to the countryside to paint "charcoal", avoided the enemy's strict search at the dock, and successfully returned to his hometown Yunfu County. While hiding in his hometown, he also wrote an article about the Canton Uprising, which was later published in Red China. The people of his hometown did not forget Deng Fa and established a key middle school - Deng Fa Memorial Middle School on June 3, 1996.
In the summer of 1928, Deng Fafeng was transferred to Hong Kong to work, and embarked on a new journey, successively serving as the secretary of the Taikoo Dockyard Branch of the Communist Party of China, the head of the Organization Department of the Hong Kong Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, and presided over the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Branch of the Communist Party of China. In the autumn of the same year, Deng Fa was elected as a member of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and a representative of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions in the south, and later successively served as the secretary of the Hong Kong Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, the secretary of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, and a member of the Standing Committee of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and head of the Organization Department.
2. Become the "head of the secret police of the Chinese Communist Party"
In September 1930, Deng Fa attended the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Shanghai and was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. This year, he and Chen Huiqing, who had fought side by side for many years in underground work and established a deep relationship, were happily united in Hong Kong.
In the winter of 1930, Deng Fa was transferred to Fujian to serve as secretary of the special committee of the Communist Party of China in Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi and secretary of the Military Commission. During this period, he spared no effort to establish a secret communication line from Guangdong to the Central Soviet District. Lu Weiliang, who worked beside Deng Fa in those years, recalled: "Comrade Deng Fa went directly from Hong Kong to Hugang, Yongding County, western Fujian, to serve as secretary of the Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee. He instructed me to escort Comrade Ye Jianying through Hong Kong, Shantou, Chenghai, and Tai Po before finally arriving in the Soviet area. Comrade Deng Fa was very happy. At this time, Comrade Deng Fa not only directly asked me to go to Hong Kong frequently to liaise with me, but also brought back the responsible comrades, opened up a secret underground transportation, and appointed me as the head of the Tai Po traffic station. During this period, Deng Fa, as the supreme leader of western Fujian, erroneously led the anti-"Social Democratic Party" incident, causing a large number of unjust cases and causing heavy losses to the revolutionary cause.
▲ Deng Fa, who was called "the head of the secret police of the Chinese Communist Party" by Snow.
In July 1931, Deng Fa was ordered to go to the Central Soviet Region and became a member of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China Soviet District, serving as the director of the Political Security Division of the General Headquarters of the Red Army, responsible for the political protection of the Red Army. On November 7 of the same year, the First National Congress of the Chinese Soviets was held in Ruijin Yeping. On the 19th, after the election of the congress, Deng Fa was elected as an executive member of the provisional central government and was appointed as the first director of the State Political Security Bureau. The duties of the Political Security Bureau are "to carry out the tasks of detecting, suppressing and eliminating all politically and economically counterrevolutionary organizations, detectives and bandits, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic and under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of the Provisional Central Government, in the territory of the Soviets." "Before the establishment of the Security Bureau, the CCP's intelligence protection work was divided into two systems: the Soviet zone and the white zone. The intelligence and defense work in the White Zone was under the supervision of the Special Section, and the intelligence and defense work in the Soviet Zone was under the supervision of the Anti-Counterterrorism Committee. After the establishment of the State Political Security Bureau, it was in charge of the intelligence and security work in the Soviet and White Areas. During the Second Civil Revolutionary War, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Security Bureau made indelible contributions to suppressing the resistance and sabotage of hostile forces, maintaining order and stability, defending the red regime and safeguarding national security. The State Political Security Bureau consists of the Reconnaissance Department, the Executive Department, the White Zone Work Department and other working departments, the Reconnaissance Department is Li Kenong, the Executive Department is Hung (Vietnamese), the White Zone Work Department is Pan Hannian, and the Secretary-General is Ouyang Yi. Deng Fa, who was only 25 years old at the time, used his many years of experience in secret work in the white areas to train confidential and security cadres by various effective means, and to formulate and deploy various security measures such as anti-special work and anti-adultery. Thanks to Deng Fa's efforts, all provinces and counties in the Soviet region and all corps, divisions, and regiments of the Red Army successively established political security organs at all levels. The State Political Security Bureau is actually the predecessor of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. On June 24, 2001, the Ministry of Public Security held a grand unveiling ceremony at the former site of the Political Security Bureau of the Chinese Soviet Republic in Ruijin Yeping, Jiangxi Province. Jia Chunwang, then Minister of Public Security, pointed out in his speech, "The State Political Security Bureau is the 'prototype of people's public security.'" In this sense, the State Political Security Bureau is the predecessor of today's Ministry of Public Security. "Many of the heads of the Red Army units and the security bureaus of the Soviet districts at all levels became veterans of the public security departments of the People's Republic of China.
▲In November 1931, members of the Central Bureau took a group photo. From right: Wang Jiaxiang, Mao Zedong, Xiang Ying, Deng Fa, Zhu De, Ren Bishi, Gu Zuolin.
In January 1934, at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Deng Fa was elected as an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. In October of the same year, Deng Fa participated in the Long March and successively served as deputy commander and deputy political commissar of the 2nd Field Column of the Central Military Commission, commander and political commissar of the 1st echelon of the Central Column, and political commissar of the 3rd Column of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment. In January 1935, Deng Fa participated in the Zunyi Conference, which was of great historical significance. At the meeting, Deng Fa supported Mao Zedong's leadership. After the meeting, the Red Army underwent reorganization. During the Long March, Deng Fa was not only responsible for commanding the troops to march and fight, but also to strictly prevent the enemy's sabotage and attacks, and even his wife Chen Huiqing rarely saw him for several months. After the end of the Long March, Deng Fa continued to serve as the director of the Political Security Bureau. At that time, it was from the Kuomintang ruled area that Edgar Snow was transferred from Xi'an, a Kuomintang-ruled area, to the Soviet region in northern Shaanxi. Later, Snow described it in "A Journey to the West": "Deng Fa! Deng Fa! Oh, Deng Fa is the head of the secret police of the Chinese Communist Party, and there is a reward of 50,000 yuan for his head... ”
3. As the representative of the Communist Party of China in Xinjiang, Deng Fa has fulfilled his mission
In July 1937, when the all-out War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out, Deng Fa, who had been assigned by the party to the Soviet Union, returned to China two months later and went to Xinjiang to assist Chen Yun, director of the Eighth Route Army Office in Xinjiang. In early October, after Zhou Xiaozhou, a liaison officer of the Central Military Commission who came to Dihua (i.e., Urumqi) from Yan'an, and Xinjiang dictator Sheng Shicai, the Eighth Route Army office in Xinjiang was established in the Nanliang Guest House in Dihua, known to the outside world as the "Third Guest House." In November and December of the same year, when Chen Yun and Teng Daiyuan were successively transferred back to Yan'an, Deng Fa (pseudonym Fang Lin), who had been elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was officially appointed as the second representative of the Communist Party of China in Xinjiang in January of the following year, and was also in charge of the work of the Eighth Route Army Office in Xinjiang and the "new barracks" in Dihua that was reorganized from the remnants of the left detachment of the Red Army's West Route Army.
At that time, although the Xinjiang Anti-Japanese National United Front between the CCP and Sheng Shicai had been established, and a group of CPC members had helped the Sheng authorities carry out a lot of fruitful work. However, the CCP's activities in Xinjiang are subject to the dual leadership of the Comintern and the CPC Central Committee, and in fact it is more subordinate to the Comintern, and it is also subject to the "three noes" organizational principles formulated by the Comintern and the Soviet Union, which include not propagating communism, not disclosing the identity of party members, and not developing the party's organization. Under the constraints of such rules and regulations, Deng Fa had to be responsible for completing a series of major tasks entrusted by the Party Central Committee, such as expanding the anti-Japanese national united front and maintaining a channel for material and personnel exchanges with the Soviet Union.
Deng Fa took full advantage of Sheng Shicai's request to send Communist Party members to help him rectify and strengthen his journalistic work, sent some cadres who went to Xinjiang to work in Xinjiang Ribao, and reorganized the newspaper so that almost all of its work from president and editor to plate making, proofreading, and printing was carried out by Communist Party members, and fundamental changes also took place in the propaganda content of the newspaper. At the same time, he also sent some Communist Party members to Hotan, Kashgar, Aksu, and other places to serve as directors and editors of local newspapers. In addition to regularly reporting on the situation at home and abroad, the achievements of the Eighth Route Army, the situation in the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines, the deeds of the people of all nationalities in Xinjiang in supporting the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and the development of economic and cultural construction, Xinjiang Ribao also serialized Mao Zedong's "On Protracted War" and "On New Democracy," and published the works of Ma, En, Le, Si, and Mao Zedong, as well as progressive books and periodicals at home and abroad. The above-mentioned propaganda work has enabled the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang to be educated in proletarian revolutionary ideology and to enhance their political consciousness and anti-Japanese patriotic enthusiasm. This strong atmosphere of anti-Japanese progress in Xinjiang has aroused great concern and praise from the people of the whole country, and has attracted a large number of patriotic democrats, progressive intellectuals, and literary and artistic workers, such as Du Chongyuan, Sa Konglao, Mao Dun, and Zhao Dan, to travel thousands of miles from the interior to Xinjiang to engage in lectures, newspapers, theatrical performances, and other activities, thus promoting and forming a new cultural movement in Xinjiang.
▲ During the Anti-Japanese War, Deng Fa took a photo in Dihua.
After Deng Fa's recommendation to Sheng Shicai, a group of outstanding Communist Party members such as Lin Jilu (pseudonym Lin Weiliang) and Li Yunyang (pseudonym Li Zhiliang) were selected to serve in leadership positions or teaching in Xinjiang College, Provincial No. 1 Middle School and other schools. These people ran the school in the spirit of "Kang Da" in Yan'an, disseminated Marxism-Leninism and anti-Japanese patriotic and progressive ideas to the students, and soon brought about profound changes in the appearance of the school and the mental state of teachers and students, cultivated a generation of young people and professionals for Xinjiang, and promoted the in-depth development of education in the border areas.
As early as February 1938, in accordance with Chen Yun's plan and with the approval of the Party Central Committee, Deng Fa made full use of the assistance of the Soviet Union to carefully set up an aviation team in Dihua, aiming to train a group of aviation technical cadres who could not only fly aircraft but also maintain and repair aircraft for our party and army. At that time, if the academic qualifications of middle school graduates were set in the recruitment notice published in the "Xinjiang Daily," it would have been difficult for the 43 comrades selected by our party to pass the test. For this reason, Deng Fa personally went to explain to Sheng Shicai and the Soviet chief instructor of the air force Yugiev: "The cadres we have selected and transferred to study aviation are all cadres and communists who have joined the Red Army since childhood, and they have not read any books, and it will be difficult for them to pass the examination according to the prescribed conditions, so please exempt them from the cultural examination." As for physical conditions, admission can be carried out as usual and according to the conditions. After some patient persuasion, the Soviet chief instructor first agreed, and Sheng Shi saw this and had to nod his head in agreement. In addition, Deng Fa also set about setting up a party branch of the air force, and these people later became the backbone of the mainland's modern air force and civil aviation construction.
In the summer of 1938, in order to further play the role of the "Xinjiang People's Anti-Imperialist Federation", Deng Fa sent Huang Huoqing (pseudonym Huang Minfu) and other outstanding party members to the association, serving as secretary general and minister of internal departments, and effectively controlled the association. Its branches spread all over Xinjiang, thus making the "Anti-Imperialist Society" truly a mass progressive organization for the people of all nationalities in Xinjiang to oppose imperialism. The "Anti-Imperialist Society" has trained a large number of cadres of various nationalities through activities such as publishing the journal "Anti-Imperialist Front" and holding cadre training classes.
Faced with the grim situation of financial chaos, economic downturn, soaring prices, and people's misery caused by years of war in Xinjiang at that time, Sheng Shicai, who was helpless, had no choice but to ask Deng Fa for help. After seeking the approval of the party Central Committee, Deng Fa left Mao Zemin from Yan'an to Moscow for medical treatment and took on this arduous task by leaving behind and passing through Dihua. After being appointed deputy director and acting director of the Provincial Department of Finance by Sheng Shicai, Mao Zemin (pseudonym Zhou Bin), who has rich experience in financial management, lived up to expectations, and through a series of efforts such as rectifying the work style of financial and economic cadres, perfecting the financial and economic system, and reforming the currency system, in less than two years, he achieved a good situation in which the whole of Xinjiang had basically balanced its revenue and expenditure, stabilized prices, steadily developed production, and improved the people's living standards. As a result, Xinjiang's strength in assisting the whole country in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression has been greatly enhanced.
According to his in-depth observation and accurate judgment of Sheng Shicai, Deng Fa has always adopted the principle of both struggle and unity in his work and exchanges with Sheng Shicai. In view of Sheng Shicai's guarding and monitoring of CCP figures everywhere and under the guise of being "pro-Soviet and friendly to the Communist Party," he often instructed his comrades: "If he does not let us propagate Marxism-Leninism, we will use the spirit of Marxism-Leninism to propagate the 'six major policies,' which is tantamount to propagating Marxism-Leninism." He did not allow us to develop the organization, so we used Marxism-Leninism to educate the masses and make ideological preparations for the development of the organization. "Under his leadership, the party's organizational preparations in Xinjiang have advanced steadily.
▲The Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Yan'an at the end of 1938, and the picture shows a group photo of some members of the Politburo. From right: Zhang Wentian, Mao Zedong, Wang Ming, Deng Fa, Liu Shaoqi, Wang Jiaxiang, Chen Yun.
Beginning in the summer of 1938, Sheng Shicai's attitude toward the Soviet Union and the CCP changed to a certain extent, and he went from openly declaring his "pro-Soviet" policy and repeatedly writing letters to the CPC Central Committee and Wang Ming, the CCP's representative to the Comintern, asking to join the CPC, to adopting a policy of restriction and hostility towards the CCP, especially the rapid deterioration of relations between him and Deng Fa. Mao Zemin then wrote letters to the Comintern and the Party Central Committee to reflect these circumstances. Because Xinjiang became the most important channel for the CCP to communicate with the Soviet Union and the Communist International during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and because it was in the rear of the Chinese people's national war of resistance against Japan, its strategic position was extremely important, and Sheng Shicai's attitude towards the CCP was of unusual significance. Therefore, this situation has long attracted the attention of the Comintern and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. At the end of August 1939, Zhou Enlai, who had gone to the Soviet Union for treatment, arrived in Dihua (Urumqi) and stayed for about a week. During his stay in Xinjiang, Zhou Enlai, in addition to meeting with local party functionaries, mainly dealt with the relationship between the CCP and Sheng Shicai. He listened attentively to the reports of Chen Tanqiu and Deng Fa and learned about Sheng Shicai's attitude and political trends. Then, he personally held four meetings with Sheng Shicai, two of which were conducted by the two alone. During the talks, Sheng Shicai categorically demanded to Zhou Enlai that the CCP immediately withdraw Deng Fa from Xinjiang, and even threatened that if Deng Fa was in Urumqi, it would be better not to let him see it. Zhou Enlai promised that the CCP's representative in Xinjiang would no longer be Deng Fa, and Deng's term in Xinjiang would be four months, during which he would not meet with Sheng Shicai, and that negotiations between the CCP and Sheng Shicai would be conducted by others. Regarding the CPC's work policy in Xinjiang, Zhou Enlai held that Sheng Shicai did not allow the Communists to propagate Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles in Xinjiang, and we should carry out our party's propaganda work in accordance with his requirements. Zhou Enlai also agreed to call the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to immediately recall Deng Fa, because Deng Fa was a member of the Politburo, and other people had to consult him for all problems, and Sheng Shicai also understood this. After Zhou Enlai went to the Soviet Union, he and Dimitrov, general secretary of the Comintern, jointly signed a telegram to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, stating that "in view of the political situation, Deng Fa left Dihua. instructed him not to stay in Dihua". Later, Zhou En said that Sheng Shicai hated and feared Deng Fa, which just showed that he did a good job in Xinjiang.
▲Deng Fa and his wife Chen Huiqing took a photo in Yan'an.
In the summer of 1939, when Deng Fa was taking a car to pick up people at the airport, he broke his ribs in a car accident and needed long-term treatment and recuperation. According to his physical condition and Sheng Shicai's attitude, the Party Central Committee decided to transfer him back to Yan'an. At this time, he could have applied to the organization to take his wife Chen Huiqing with him, but he did not do so. It was not until the end of 1942 that Chen Huiqing was transferred out of Xinjiang and returned to Yan'an to reunite with Deng Fa.
In September 1939, Deng Fa bid farewell to Xinjiang, and before leaving, he also studied the relevant work with Chen Tanqiu (pseudonym Xu Jie), the successor of the CCP representative in Xinjiang. In the end, with a sincere heart for the party's conscientious and responsible work, he sharply admonished Chen Tanqiu: "Sheng Shicai is an ambitious warlord in terms of his background, an emperor of soil in terms of his thoughts, and a wolf and a pig in terms of his behavior. Sheng Shicai's face changed greatly after 1942, anti-Soviet and anti-communist, and defected to Chiang Kai-shek, which proved Deng Fa's foresight.
▲On June 1, 1939, at the third anniversary of the founding of Yan'an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University. From right: Deng Fa, Liu Shaoqi, Wang Ming, Chen Yun, Wang Jiaxiang, Zhang Wentian, Mao Zedong.
Fourth, the two "matchmakers" have become a match made in heaven between Mao Zemin, Zhu Danhua, Deng Xiaoping and Zhuo Lin
During his stay in Xinjiang, Deng Fa single-handedly brokered the marriage of Mao Zedong's younger brother Mao Zemin and Zhu Danhua. Zhu Danhua, formerly known as Yao Xiuxia, came to Yan'an from Shanghai in 1938 and graduated from Northern Shaanxi Public School, Zhu Danhua, who was sent to Xinjiang by the party to engage in united front work with 27 classmates. Zhu Danhua first served as the teaching director of Dihua Girls' Middle School, and was later elected as a standing committee member, propaganda minister and secretary general of the Xinjiang Provincial Women's Association, and a member of the Xinjiang Provincial Political Affairs Committee. In the early spring of 1939, in the conference room of the Provincial Political Affairs Committee, the members of the Provincial Political Affairs Committee were sitting around a rectangular table and listening to Zhou Bin (Mao Zemin), acting director of the Provincial Department of Finance, read out the plan for the implementation of the financial budget and final account system and implementation measures in Xinjiang. After the plan was read out, some people agreed, some advocated taking it out and trying it out, and some opposed it. After listening to various opinions, Zhu Danhua resolutely stood up, resolutely supported Director Zhou's proposal, and explained the reasons.
Mao Zemin asked Deng Fa: Who is this female committee member with a Zhejiang accent? Deng Fa was a party representative in Xinjiang at the time, so of course he knew about Zhu Danhua's situation. A few days later, Deng Fa talked to Zhu Danhua: "You are not young, it's time to start a family!" Deng Fa got straight to the point.
Zhu Danhua was asked suddenly, and his face was immediately flushed, speechless. Deng Fa said in the tone of an elder: "When a female comrade is looking for a partner, the most important thing is to be politically reliable. Zhou Bin is this kind of person, he is Mao Zedong's younger brother Mao Zemin. ”
"Mao Zedong's younger brother, Mao Zemin! No wonder it's a bit like Mao Zedong. After she suddenly realized, she couldn't help but ask again, "Didn't Mao Zemin get married a long time ago?" ”
▲ Mao Zemin, Zhu Danhua and their child Mao Yuanxin.
Deng Fa said: "Due to the difference in personality, they have not been together for a long time, their relationship broke down, and they broke up with the approval of the organization. And told her, "The secretaries, drivers, and civil servants around Director Zhou were all installed by Sheng Shicai." In terms of the situation of the struggle and the work of the party, Director Zhou needs a virtuous helper. Soon, Mao Zemin and Zhu Danhua began direct contact. When Mao Zemin went to the Soviet Union for treatment, the Eighth Route Army Office in Xinjiang fried a few dishes for Mao Zemin, and invited Zhu Danhua to come. During the banquet, Deng Fa raised his wine glass and said loudly: "Today's banquet is not only for Zhou Bin, but also for Zhou Bin and Zhu Danhua's engagement wine. In April 1940, Mao Zemin and Zhu Danhua held a wedding. On February 14, 1941, Zhu Danhua gave birth to a chubby son. Mao Zemin is 45 years old, and he is really overjoyed to have a middle-aged son, and he personally named his son "Mao Yuanxin".
In the autumn of 1939, after Deng Fa returned to Yan'an, he served as the principal of the Central Party School and became an adult again. Once again, she was a "matchmaker" and arranged the marriage of Deng Xiaoping and Zhuo Lin. In August 1939, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping went to Yan'an from Taihang Mountain to attend the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. After arriving in Yan'an, Deng Xiaoping and Deng Fa lived in a cave. Deng Xiaoping's daughter Mao Mao wrote in "My Father Deng Xiaoping" that Deng Fa and Deng Xiaoping had "a close personal relationship" and "were like brothers". Zhuo Lin also admitted that Deng Fa was a "good friend" of Deng Xiaoping. Deng was enthusiastic and happy, and when he saw that Deng Xiaoping was alone after divorcing his ex-wife, he wanted to find a beautiful girl for him. As soon as he had free time, Deng Fa pulled Deng Xiaoping around, and Liu Bocheng jokingly said that they lived like two "night wandering gods". With the enthusiastic help of his comrades-in-arms, Deng Xiaoping really found a beautiful person - Zhuo Lin. The wedding of Deng Xiaoping and Zhuo Lin was held in front of Mao Zedong's cave in Yangjialing, along with Kong Yuan and Xu Ming, directors of the Organization Department of the General Political Department of the Central Military Commission. The guests attending the wedding were the mainstay of the future republic. These powerful people suddenly became childlike, played tricks on the groom, and desperately poured wine. Soon Kong Yuan was drunk, left his newlywed wife, and fell asleep alone in the cave room. And Deng Xiaoping, who has always had a small amount of alcohol, has to drink respectfully, but he is not drunk. At the time, many people called Deng Xiaoping "massive". Actually, this is Deng Fa's hands and feet. When the wine array just started the formation, Deng Fa saw that the situation was not good, so he said to Liu Bocheng: "We have to think of a way to help Xiaoping, it's always bad to snub the bride on the wedding night." So, he conspired with Li Fuchun to get a bottle of white water to fill the wine, so as to avoid a foreign appearance, otherwise Deng Xiaoping would get drunk and fall into Jinshan. In order to provide a cave house for Deng Xiaoping and his wife, Deng Fa also vacated the cave where he lived.
▲In 1939, when Deng Xiaoping and Zhuo Lin, Kong Yuan and Xu Ming got married in Yan'an, Deng Fa took photos of them.
At the beginning of 1940, in order to strengthen the leadership of the workers' movement, the Party Central Committee transferred Deng Fa to replace Liu Shaoqi and concurrently serve as secretary of the Central Workers' Movement Committee.
In April 1945, Deng Fa, who was called "a leader trained in the workers' ranks" by Zhou Enlai, was elected director of the Preparatory Committee of the Workers' Federation of the Liberated Areas of China. In September of the same year, as the only workers' representative in the liberated areas, he participated in the delegation of the China Labor Association, and attended the inaugural meeting of the World Workers' Federation in Paris together with Zhu Xuefan, a representative of the Kuomintang-ruled areas. At the conference, Deng made a speech and put forward eight proposals on behalf of the Chinese workers, which were warmly supported by the delegates, and he was elected as a director and executive committee member of the World Trade Union Confederation.
In January 1946, Deng Fa returned to China and worked with Zhu Xuefan, the head of the Chinese Labor Association, in Chongqing to do a lot of work for the unification of the Chinese workers' organization and the development of the workers' movement, and formed a deep friendship with Zhu Xuefan. It is worth mentioning that before Deng Fa returned to China, Picasso gave Mao Zedong an oil painting and asked him to bring it to Yan'an to present Mao Zedong. In order to live up to the trust, he carefully wrapped the oil painting and was inseparable. On April 8, 1946, Deng Fa, Wang Ruofei, Qin Bangxian, Ye Ting and other comrades were killed in a plane crash in Heicha Mountain, Xingxian County, Shanxi Province on their way back to Yan'an by plane in Chongqing. The famous Picasso painting also disappeared.
▲All walks of life in Yan'an held a memorial meeting for the "48" martyrs.
On April 19, 1946, on the same day that all walks of life in Yan'an held a memorial meeting for the "48" martyrs, Zhou Enlai wrote a signed article in the "Xinhua Daily" "The "48" Martyrs Are Immortal", which is true:
"Deng Fa! You are a leader who has been trained in the ranks of the workers, and in the end, you have made glorious achievements for the united front of the Chinese working class and also for the united front of the working class of the world. But this achievement has just begun, and you are gone. ”
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to commemorate Deng Fa's glorious and short life, his hometown Yunfu's former residence was listed as a cultural relics protection unit in Guangdong Province.
[Author: Xia Xingxing Source: "Party History"]