Recently, people have been discussing the proposition of how to get along with society for the most talented young people, and how to deal with themselves after repeatedly running into walls. Since ancient times, "heavenly jealousy" seems to be a very "spiritual" proverb, and many talented literati tend to have short lives. Some of those geniuses who were well-known and famous died suddenly because of the disasters that fell from heaven, some of them accumulated into illness and retired because of the rare development of their ambitions in life; and some of them worsened their illness and eventually died prematurely. In any case, their short life has become a past for posterity to hang and sigh. Their stories may provide some inspiration and clues to answer the previous questions.
Author: Yuan Xinyu
In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (675), Liu Xiyi, a native of Ruzhou (汝州, in modern Ruzhou, Henan), was not yet 26 years old at the time, and he was more worthy of the title of a teenager than anyone else. This young talent who "has little literature" and "shooting strategy has a literary name" has a sensitive heart, even in the heroic Tang Dynasty, there are still poets like Liu Xiyi who are gentle and gentle.
One day, Liu Xiyi Xu heard the story of the dismal life of a woman who was once gorgeous after the color of the elderly, Xu was sad because the spring flowers were gone, and Liu Xiyi, who was good at the poetry of sorrow, chanted such a sentence: "This year the flowers fall color change, next year the flowers fall back to who is there?" "In this way, we chant the feeling of loneliness. This loneliness did not arise suddenly, it had been bothering Liu Xiyi for a long time. Liu Xiyi is good at palace poetry, gorgeous and sentimental, similar to Qi Liang's poems a hundred years ago, which is deeply rooted in its purpose, but this style is disdained by the magnificent Tang Dynasty literati.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the unified Central Plains Dynasty made most poets feel full of spirits, they were tired of the pompous luxury of Qi Liang Yanqu, and they preferred the heroic weather and wind bones. This atmosphere surrounded almost the entire Sheng Tang Dynasty, and when Chen Ziang shouted out the slogan of "Bone Qi Xiang Xiang, Sound Frustration, Light And Heroic Practice, and Golden Stone Sound" in "Preface to the Bamboo Cultivation with the Eastern Left Shi", such a trend officially became the mainstream of the times.
In the torrent of the times, Liu Xiyi was lonely. Still, he chanted intently at the flower, the woman. A good sentence has come out, Liu Xiyi paused slightly, he felt inappropriate. Shi Zai Liu Xiyi repented to himself: "My poem is like a proverb, what is the difference between it and Shi Chong's 'White Head And Belong'?" For Liu Xiyi, the problem similar to the poetry of his predecessors can be solved in a flash, and he paused slightly and wrote: "The flowers are similar every year, but the years are different." This sentence came out, if there were others next to him, it would be a shock, but Liu Xiyi hesitated and sighed: "This sentence seems to be a repetition of the truth." ”
For Caizi, the most reluctant thing is the good sentence, even though the two good sentences have some tone of "the words of the wei", Liu Xiyi is still unwilling to cut love, Wu Zi said: "If life and death have a destiny, will it be repeated!" He kept both sentences. This stay left Liu Xiyi with the most brilliant stroke in the long river of poetry and time, but it also left a foreshadowing for the turning point of his life.
As soon as the good sentence came out, it made Song Zhiqing, who was also a talent, love it very much. Although he was a few years younger than Liu Xiyi, according to the generational division, Song Zhiqing was Liu Xiyi's uncle. Song Zhiqing knew that Liu Xiyi's "White Head Wing Yong" (a work "Dai Bai Tou Weng") had not yet circulated, so he asked Liu Xiyi for this sentence. According to the "Biography of Tang Caizi", Liu Xiyi's attitude has changed, and he "promised not to cooperate". First agreed, then repented. Perhaps it was this "rebellion" that caused the dissatisfaction of Song Zhiqing, perhaps it was the ancient lightness of the literati who was also a literati, or perhaps the jealousy caused by the talent of the world, according to legend, Song Zhiqing was so angry that he "angered himself" and finally ordered his slaves to crush Liu Xiyi to death with soil bags.
When Liu Xiyi struggled with the suffocating feeling caused by the oppression of the loess soil, whether he regretted it because of his "one-word proverbs", posterity may not know. According to Wen Yiduo's "Miscellaneous Treatises on Tang Poems", the people who interpreted this story felt that Liu Xiyi's poetic words had come true, because Liu Xiyi "leaked the heavenly opportunity".
It is true that "the flowers are similar from year to year, but different from year to year" is indeed a truth that is immutable: nature is eternal and people are easy to wither. However, if it is said that he was "condemned by heaven" because he realized the "cosmic consciousness", I am afraid that it is unfair - the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxuan also wrote in the poem that can rise to the philosophical level, "the poem in the poem" "Spring River Flower Moon Night" has clouds: "Who on the river bank first saw the moon, when did the river moon shine at the beginning of the year?" Life is infinite from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue is only similar every year. Zhang Ruoxuan realized the eternity of the "moon" in the poem, and further realized that human society will multiply and spiral from generation to generation, but Zhang Ruoxuan, who also awakened the cosmic consciousness, lived to the age of 87. Posterity can only sigh, if there is no heavenly disaster, I don't know what kind of good words the genius Liu Xiyi can still chant.
Perhaps the only person who can be called a young man more successful than Liu Xiyi is Wang Bo, the head of the Four Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty, but four years before Liu Xiyi's death, Wang Bo had died (about 676). Unlike Liu Xiyi's easy sentimentality, Wang Bo's poetic style is strong and optimistic. Wang Bo was a young man who gained his ambition, but also lost his will in his youth: he first entered the royal palace to hold an important position, but because he wrote a "Cockfighting Text" in a joking tone, he angered Tang Gaozong, so he traveled south to Shuzhong. Later, he joined the army in Yuzhou, but it is said that because he hid the official slave who committed the death penalty, and was afraid that the matter would be exposed and punished, he finally killed the hidden official slave. After the incident, it was supposed to be condemned according to the law, but when the world pardoned, it was only to remove his official position, but Wang Bo's father was implicated because of this matter and moved to the county order.
Wang Bo went to visit his father, on the way through the Tengwang Pavilion that had just been repaired, Wang Bo went to visit the Governor of Yan Boyu, yan Dudu asked Wang Bo to compose a poem to help him rejoice, Wang Bo gladly held up a wine glass to the guests, and immediately on the "Tengwang Pavilion Poems" and "Tengwang Pavilion Preface", the text did not add points, the sentence still had the sentence "Ruan is rampant, and it is not effective to cry in the end", high-spirited. However, on the way thereafter, Wang Bo died of drowning at the age of twenty-nine. According to legend, Wang Bo once met a stranger, and said that Wang Bo was "a strong god with weak bones, a clear body, a loss of brain bones, a lack of eyesight, and no great nobility in the end." It is a little ridiculous to think that this Xiangshi's remarks are really really true and deceitful compared to Liu Xiyi's poems.
People in ancient times often believed that appearance and fate had a subtle connection, for example, Zhang Liang of the Han Dynasty was predicted to have a bumpy fate because his appearance was too beautiful and that of boys and girls. Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty was also predicted because of his appearance that "there will be no great nobility in the end", and the Same Tang poet Li He, who died young, also had a peculiar appearance, according to records, Li He was "thin and thin, with eyebrows and long fingers and claws". It is said that in order to ensure the safety of his children, Li He's father, Li Jinsu, named him "He", the word Changji, in order to seek blessings.
Even with such a name full of auspicious meaning, Li He's fate was not smooth, and his initial unhappiness was related to his father's name. According to the ancient theory of avoidance, Li He was not allowed to pass the entrance examination. Because as an important qualification and label in life and career, the "Jin" character in the title of "Jinshi and Di" is in harmony with the "Jin" character in his father's name.
According to Li He's family lineage, as a royal family, he can live a plain and normal life even if he is not a soldier. But in the affairs of the world, it is often bumpy that the talented cannot get what they deserve. When Li He was seven years old, he had already moved the beijing master with his own article name: Han Yu and Huang Fuxiang, as leaders of the literary world, were impressed by Li He's articles and were amazed by his literary talents, but there was a hint of hesitation in his words: "If the author is an ancient, we may not know because we have not learned enough, if it is written by today's people, how can we not know this person!" ”
The two went to Li He's house and invited each other to come out and write poems. 7-year-old Li He had two buns on his head, and came out with two horn-like buns, still wearing lotus-like clothes. He happily took the lives of the two literary giants and wrote "Gao Xuan Guo" with a pen like no one around. The poem says: "The flowers are woven like green onions, and the golden rings are pressed and shaken." The horseshoe rumbles in the ears, and the horse is like a rainbow when entering... I am now attached to the underworld with my wings hanging down, and he is not ashamed of the snake as a dragon every day. Han Yu and Huang Fuxiang were so shocked that they let Li He ride on a horse and return with them, personally unveiling two horned buns for Li He and tying his hair (in ancient times, the bun symbolized the adulthood of a man) to reward his literary talent.
The above is one of the legendary accounts of Li He's fame, perhaps slightly untrue, but the one in the Chronicle of Tang Poetry is more reliable: around the third year of Yuan He (808), Han Yu, as a doctor of guozijian, went to Luoyang, and Li He took his work "Yanmen Taishouxing" to visit him. Han Yu, who had been receiving guests for a day, was very tired and untied his clothes to prepare for rest. At this moment, Menzi presented a volume of poetry, and Han Yu held the poetry scroll in his hand, swept his eyes along, and was deeply attracted by the sentence "The black cloud presses the city to destroy, and the light opens to the golden scales of the moon." The moon under the dark clouds emitted a dim light, but it shone on the scales of the warrior's armor. The picture of the clothes soldiers approaching the city and the coming war unfolded in front of the eyes.
Han Yu immediately tied up his clothes and ordered the men to invite the person who delivered the poem scroll in, and it was Li He who came. Originally, with this exchange, Li He, who had already made a name for himself by virtue of his literary talent, wanted to take the exam and make a name, but because of the "avoidance" mentioned above, Li He was never able to take the entrance examination. Han Yu also specially wrote a "Debate" for his grievances. Finally, because Li He was a disciple of the clan and had both his father's yin and Han Yu's strong recommendation, he had to be appointed as the Nine Pins Minor Official. Talented as High as Li He, but could not exchange talent for the corresponding official position, three years later, Li He, who had no hope of promotion, resigned his official post and wrote "Thirteen Songs of South Garden" here, one of which reads: "Why don't boys take Wu Hook and collect Guanshan Fifty Prefectures." Please go to ling yan pavilion for the time being, if a scholar is a ten thousand households? The heroic weather revealed in the poem is undoubtedly related to the national fortunes of the Tang Dynasty, the country is weakening, the warlords are divided, even if the body is as weak as Li He, he also hopes to help the society through the immediate merit.
However, the world could not be as Li He wished, the literary talent was outstanding but could not embark on the career path, wanted to pass the martial arts Kuang Fu Sheji but the body was weak and could not go to the battlefield, and finally, the depressed Li He came to the end of his life. According to historical records, when Changji was about to die, he suddenly saw a man dressed in red during the day, riding a red dragon, holding a board with words like a Taikoo seal book, saying that he had summoned Changji to go. At that time, Li He was already seriously ill and could not read the words on the board, so he prostrated his head and said, "Ami is old and sick, and He does not want to go." The man in red smiled and said, "The Heavenly Emperor has built the White Jade Building, and he wants to summon the king to make a record." Life in heaven is not painful at all. Li He wept bitterly alone, and after a while he was out of breath. Now it seems that such a statement is too mysterious, but it is precisely because Li He has too high talent and suffered too many unfair treatment in the short life course, and posterity has performed this brilliant ending song for Li He in order to make up for his miserable life.
There is a precedent for Li He to be depressed and finally die of illness, among which Jia Yi of the Han Dynasty was also young and famous. Unlike Li He, Jia Yi, who became famous as a teenager, was initially smooth sailing. According to the "Biography of Qu Yuan Jia Shenglie" in the "Records of History", Jia Yi was originally from Yang (in the area of present-day Luoyang, Henan, luoyang was called Luoyang in ancient times), and at the age of 18, he "heard about the book in the county with the ability to recite poetry". At that time, Henan Taishou heard of his talent, so he summoned Jia Yi to the door, which was very important. Emperor Xiaowen of Han (i.e., Emperor Wen of Han) heard that Henan Taishou was good at government affairs, so he recruited him as a court lieutenant. Wu Tingwei did not forget his protégé Jia Yi, and recommended Jia Yi to the emperor, saying that although he was young, he was quite familiar with the book of the Hundred Families of the Sons, and Emperor Wen recruited Jia Yi as a doctor.
At that time, Jia Yi was in his early twenties, the youngest of all the PhDs. Whenever Emperor Wen issued an edict to order people to discuss, the old man was often delayed and speechless. However, the young Jia Yi was able to make a big splash, and the answer was like a stream, and the pearl jade was in front, which attracted everyone else to think often, and others praised Jia Yi's talent. Emperor Wen was very happy to see that the young doctor was so capable, so he "promoted" Jia Yi by leaps and bounds, and within a year he promoted Jia Yi to the post of Taizhong Doctor.
Such achievements have been made in his twenties, and in the words of later generations, it is "spring breeze triumphant horseshoe disease", and Jia Yi's motivation is even more sufficient. In the twentieth year of Emperor Wen's reign, Jia Yi believed that the world was already harmonious and harmonious at that time, and it was necessary to correct the wrong laws between the former Lü Hou and Lü Hou.' Therefore, they prepared "Zhengshuo, Yifu Color, Legal System, Official Names, and Xingli Le", and drafted legal documents for these policies. In a high position, still thinking of making progress, and devoting himself to planning for the emperor to realize his political ambitions, Emperor Xiaowen once again prepared to promote Jia Yi and promote him to the rank of public secretary. This move aroused the disgust of the vested interest classes, and they all secretly remembered and hated Jia Yi in their hearts, so they went into rumors and said: "This little boy from Luoyang is not only young, but also wants to abuse power and mess up all kinds of things. ”
Perhaps to balance the parties, or perhaps to be suspicious, the final result was that Emperor Wen of Han gradually alienated Jia Yi, no longer adopted Jia Yi's proposal, and made Jia Yi the Prince of Changsha. The emperor's order could not be violated, and Jia Yi had to resign and go to his post. However, at that time, the southern land was still barbaric, and Jia Yi deeply felt that Changsha was wet, and he was afraid that it would be difficult to adapt to his own going, "life could not be long", and he was depressed. While passing through Xiangshui, he wrote "Hanging Qu Yuanfu". Qu Yuan was also a nomadic courtier, also alienated by the emperor because of rumors, and Jia Yi was here, as if he had crossed time and space to find a predecessor or confidant. Its endowment: "Make a curse, honor Mr. Hang." To be reckless in the world is to fall into the body. Whoops, it's ominous! The luan phoenix swooped down, and the owl soared. The sorrow and resentment in it can be seen.
After Jia Yi had been the Prince of Changsha for more than four years, he visited Emperor Wen, and Emperor Wen consulted Jia Yi about ghosts and gods, and Jia Yi came together with what he knew, and talked about it until midnight, and Emperor Wen sighed: "I haven't seen Jia Sheng for a long time, I thought it was too much, and now I can't do it." (I haven't seen Jia Sheng for a long time, I thought I had surpassed you in learning, and today I found out that it was still not as good as you)! Finally, Emperor Wen changed his mind and bai Jiasheng was the wife of his most beloved youngest son, King Huai of Liang. Emperor Wen's original intention was to find a good teacher for his beloved son, but also to compensate Jia Yi, at this time, neither the emperor nor the courtiers knew that this appointment was the beginning of the tragedy.
Jia Yi thought that he had regained his favor, and thought that Emperor Wen had once again obeyed his words, who knew that in the matter of ironically advising Emperor Wen to reseal the four princes of Huainan Li as marquises, Emperor Wen once again did not heed Jia Yi's suggestion that "it is not an ancient system, but it can be slightly cut". A few years later, King Huai of Liang rode a horse and died, and when he died without heirs, Jia Yi blamed himself, believing that he was derelict in his duties, crying bitterly for more than a year, and ended up depressed, only thirty-three years old.
The deaths of Liu Xiyi, Wang Bo, Li He, and Jia Yizhi were mostly unfavorable in nature, unhappy in geographical advantages, or people and people, but the death of a talented son in the Qing Dynasty, Naran Zhide, made posterity even more lamented. Naran zhide is a Nara clan person, originally named Chengde, the character Rongruo. According to the custom of the Qing royal family, most of the male children learned to ride and shoot at an early age. It didn't take long for Naranjande to be able to work. In the fourteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1675), Naran Zhide High School entered the priesthood, only sixteen years old.
The Kangxi Emperor ordered Naran Sex De to give Qianqing Men to produce poems, and Naran Sex De was extremely neatly completed, and those who heard of it called it good. Soon after, Naran's temperament fell ill in the late spring of that year, and the emperor was about to go out to escape the summer, but still sent an imperial doctor to diagnose and treat him, and specially ordered the imperial doctor to report once Naran's condition improved. Who knows, the sick Naran is still with his friends, drinking and chanting in the gathering. Perhaps it was the drinking that catalyzed Naranjand's illness, and after this reunion, Naranjande fell ill. Seven days later, Yu Kangxi died of illness in the twenty-fourth year (1685), at an imaginary age of thirty.
In Naran's short life, he left 348 poems, of which "Sauvignon Blanc" was even more enjoyed by posterity: "A journey from the mountains, a journey through the water, a journey to the Yuguan, a thousand tent lights in the middle of the night." The wind is more, the snow is more, and the dream of the hometown is not successful, and there is no such sound in the garden. "The true emotions in it are deep, and the night of the wind and snow, the feeling of homesickness that is far away from the homeland, is naturally revealed, vivid and touching. Wang Guowei praised Naran's poetry: "Look at things with the eyes of nature, and speak with the tongue of nature." When he first entered the Central Plains, he was not stained with the Han chinese atmosphere, and since the Northern Song Dynasty, he was only one person. ”
In fact, looking at these genius literati who died early, it is not difficult to find that geniuses such as Liu Xiyi always get such comments: "Not valued by the times." Or: "The posture is not in line with the times, so it is not important." And Wang Bo is also always difficult to reach his ambition. Although these two people died in the disaster of heaven, in addition to this disaster, they were more not accepted by the mainstream culture of the society at that time. As for Li He and Jia Yi, they were both resentful because of long-term depression, and both died young. Although Naran was in good health when he was young, he drank alcohol in his illness and died suddenly. Ordinary people are difficult to dispose of when they are uneven, and these geniuses whose talents are above ordinary people are more indignant because of the huge gap between their own talents and opportunities.
It is true that talented people should be given a stage to show, but when the torrent moves forward, even the talented people still face this situation like a grasshopper shaking the tree. "Lao Tzu" has clouds: "Heaven and earth are not kind, and all things are dogs." "Perhaps when the time and place are favorable and the people are not available, it is better to retreat from the rapids and wait for the opportunity."