In October 1986, Ye Jianying, one of the ten marshals of China, left forever, leaving only Xu Xiangqian.
After Ye Jianying's death, the eulogy given by the central government was "at a major historical turning point, dare to stand up and make a correct decision without hesitation." ”
In fact, this passage is very similar to Chairman Mao's evaluation of Ye Jianying. When Chairman Mao was alive, he often used the couplet "Zhuge was only cautious in his life, and Lü Duan was not confused about major matters."
Among the ten marshals, Ye Jianying was definitely the most low-key one, he was senior, but his reputation was not obvious.
In 1917, Ye Jianying entered the Yunnan Army Lecture Hall, one of the three major martial arts halls in modern times, to study for further study, and after graduation, he has been following Dr. Sun Yat-sen in Guangdong to prepare for the construction of the Whampoa Military Academy and the Northern Expedition. After the defeat of the Great Revolution in 1927, the Kuomintang was controlled by Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei and the like, and Ye Jianying gave up his kuomintang identity to join the Communist Party and continue his revolutionary ideal of "the world is just and the world is realized".
After joining the Communist Party, Ye Jianying went to the Soviet Union to study. In 1930, Ye Jianying returned from study and was entrusted with heavy responsibilities by the Central Committee, during which time he came into contact with many people, including Chairman Mao, Zhu De, etc., but he "followed the rules" and did not impress Chairman Mao and others until 1935.
In this issue, you will tell you about Chairman Mao's high evaluation of Marshal Ye Jianying. Like friends, you can long press like, recommend the article to other likes.
In the early days of the Red Army's Long March, because Li De, Bogu, and others made serious left-leaning mistakes, which caused the Red Army to suffer a major crisis, at a critical juncture, Chairman Mao stepped forward and urged the Central Committee to convene a Zunyi conference to correct the left-leaning mistakes in a timely manner.
After the meeting, Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai, and Zhang Wentian formed a new three-member leading group. After that, Chairman Mao commanded the Red Army to continue to wander around in the encirclement of the Central Army, the Sichuan Army, the Qian Army, and the Dian Army.
At this time, Zhang Guotao called and said that the Red Fourth Front had crossed the Jialing River and created a new revolutionary base area in northwest Sichuan, asking the Red Army and the central organs to meet here.
Receiving the news, the Red Army regained its fighting spirit, forcibly crossed the Dadu River, flew over the Luding Bridge, crossed the Jiajin Mountain, and met the Red Fourth Front in northwest Sichuan in May 1935.
At this time, the Red Army, after experiencing hardships, only 20,000 people were left, and they came with a tired face, and they were immediately warmly received by the Red Fourth Front, with grain, cotton jackets, etc. Everything was available, and the soldiers of the Red Army felt that this was a major victory in the Long March.
Later, in 1960, when Chairman Mao was interviewed in Beijing by the famous American writer Snow, when asked what was the darkest moment of your life, Chairman Mao replied, "It was the struggle between The Meadow and Zhang Guotao during the Long March in 1935, when the party was facing a split, and even a civil war with an uncertain future." ”
Why did Chairman Mao say this, and why did there be a struggle between him and Zhang Guotao? And what does all this have to do with Ye Jianying?
Zhang Guotao and Chairman Mao
Zhang Guotao was once one of the founders of the party and a figure who led the trend of the revolutionary era, but after the Great Revolution, he gradually took the wrong road, and in the precarious situation of the Party and the Red Army, he still fought for power and profit in an attempt to seize the leadership of the Party Central Committee.
At this time, chairman Mao's prestige was the highest in the party, after the Zunyi Conference, which became the biggest obstacle for Zhang Guotao to seize the leadership.
Therefore, after rendezvousing with the Red Army, Zhang Guotao, who had 80,000 people in the Red Fourth Front, disregarded the safety of the revolution and began his own road to seize power.
Chairman Mao clearly understood this, and in order not to split the Red Army and to preserve the flame of revolution, he chose to compromise with the Party Central Committee.
At the MaoErgai Conference in August 1935, the Party Central Committee accepted Chairman Mao's suggestion that "it is better to give up the General Political Commissar than the General Secretary" and decided to reorganize the leading body and make Zhang Guotao the General Political Commissar of the Red Army, which Zhang Guotao gladly accepted.
Chairman Mao, seeing that Zhang Guotao had temporarily stabilized him, went on to propose that the troops should be divided into two passes through the grassland, and he persuaded Zhang Guotao to divide the Red Army and the Red Fourth Army into the Left Route Army and the Right Route Army on the grounds that the grassland was sparsely populated and there was a shortage of grain. After dividing the troops, Chairman Mao hurriedly urged Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao to take the Right Route Army and the Party Central Committee through the meadow and continue north.
When the Right Route Army set out to cross the meadows, Zhang Guotao also came out of the joy of becoming the general political commissar, and he began to hesitate whether he should continue to go north, at this time the Red Army and the Party Central Committee did not know that in northern Shaanxi, comrades had already opened up new revolutionary base areas.
Just when Zhang Guotao hesitated, the Left Route Army encountered continuous torrential rains, and the ground was suddenly a sea of water.
After estimating the grain of the Left Route Army, Zhang Guotao held a military conference at the cadre level, at which Zhang Guotao explained the situation encountered by the Left Route Army, and then expressed his own proposition - "Abandon the north and go back to Chengdu."
His proposal was supported by the cadres of the Red Fourth Front, which was related to Zhang Guotao's prestige in the Four Fronts army and the fact that the Four Fronts were mostly Sichuanese.
Immediately after the meeting, Zhang Guotao sent a telegram to the Party Central Committee, asking the Right Route Army to come back and join the Left Route Army and then go south, but Chairman Mao did not agree, but instead reiterated to Zhang Guotao that going north to resist Japan is a resolution of the Party Central Committee, and you must implement it.
However, Zhang Guotao was indifferent to Chairman Mao's advice, and he secretly and secretly imprisoned those who opposed the southward movement, including Zhu De and Liu Bocheng.
After a series of actions by the Left Route Army, Zhang Guotao contacted his right-hand man, Chen Changhao, the political commissar of the Right Route Army, and asked him to forcibly lead the Right Route Army and the Party Central Committee south, and Chen Changhao agreed. However, at this time, the Party Central Committee did not know Chen Changhao's intentions.
Ye Jianying
At the critical juncture, Chief of Staff Ye Jianying suddenly ran from Xu Xiangqian and Chen Changhao's former enemy headquarters and informed Chairman Mao of Chen Changhao and Zhang Guotao's secret telegram, that is, "go south and thoroughly unfold the struggle within the party." ”
Chairman Mao was well aware of the seriousness of the situation, and he asked Ye Jianying to go back first, pretending that nothing had happened.
That evening, Chairman Mao came to see Chen Changhao and Xu Xiangqian with his last hopes. He first went to see Chen Changhao and asked him whether the Red Army should go north or south? Chen Changhao replied that the Actions of the Red Army should be at the mercy of the General Political Commissar. Chairman Mao didn't say anything, turned to Xu Xiangqian and asked for his opinion.
Xu Xiangqian said from the overall situation, "Chairman, the two main forces of the Red Army will meet the division, so don't separate them anymore." After listening, Chairman Mao understood the choice of the two and returned to his residence.
That night, at Chairman Mao's suggestion, the Party Central Committee and the First and Third Armies of the Right Route Army quietly marched north overnight, and only one night away from the remaining part of the Right Route Army, camped and waited for Chen Changhao and Xu Xiangqian to choose.
At dawn, the people of the Red Fourth Front Army discovered the situation and hurriedly asked Chen Changhao and Xu Xiangqian for instructions. Xu Xiangqian immediately replied, "There is no reason for the Red Army to fight the Red Army." ”
Later, after the Party Central Committee learned that there was a new base area in northern Shaanxi, it turned all the way to northern Shaanxi. After meeting chen changhao and others, Zhang Guotao became even more rampant, directly established another central government, and led his army to begin to go south, but it did not take long for him to be hit by the Sichuan army, suffered heavy losses, and when he had no way, he led the Red Army to northwest Sichuan again, and sent a telegram to He Long's Red Second Front army to meet here.
In his later years, Ye Jianying
Ye Jianying stepped forward at the crucial moment and left a deep impression on Chairman Mao, and later Chairman Mao praised Ye Jianying in front of everyone many times and gave him the evaluation that "Zhuge is only cautious in his life, and Lü Duan is not confused about major matters." These two sentences also became the most dazzling symbol on Marshal Ye Jianying's body. So what exactly do these two sentences mean?
In fact, these two sentences were not written by Chairman Mao, but were self-titled joint remarks of the late Ming dynasty thinker Li Zhen, intended to borrow zhuge liang and Lü Duan's style of acting for people.
Zhuge Liang has always been cautious in governing military and administrative affairs, which is the consensus of historians. Lü Duan's "big things are not confused", and few people know about it. In the "History of Song", it is said that Song Taizong wanted to make Lü Duan the post of prime minister, and opponents said that Lü Duan was confused about things, and Song Taizong was not moved, believing that "small things are confused, and big things are not confused."
Lü Duan was really confused in small matters, he and the famous Northern Song Dynasty minister Kou Zhun were both involved in the government affairs (Note: handling government affairs, the authority is equivalent to that of the deputy prime minister), the ranking is still in front of Kou Zhun, but he asked the emperor to be below Kou Zhun.
Later, Lü Duan was promoted to chancellor, and he also asked the emperor to divide the power of the prime minister with that of the vice chancellor. Although Lü Duan was like this, in major matters, he was never confused and adhered to principles.
After the death of Emperor Taizong of Song, the grand eunuch Wang Ji'en, fearing that the crown prince's ascension to the throne would jeopardize his power, wanted to conspire with Empress Li and establish another emperor.
After Lü Duan became aware of the conspiracy, he had Wang Ji'en imprisoned, and then persuaded Empress Li not to change the throne. Later, the crown prince succeeded to the throne, and the curtain called the minister, and when everyone knelt down to worship, only Lü Duan did not worship, insisting that people open the curtain, and only after seeing the real prince did they kneel.
When Chairman Mao evaluated Ye Jianying, he used zhuge liang and Lü Duan as a metaphor to see Ye Jianying's deeds in major events.
And this is also the case, after the death of Chairman Mao, the key to the country's turning point in the new period, Ye Jianying played a vital role. Not only that, in Ye Jianying's life, he could always do a good job in making crucial choices.
In 1922, when Chen Jiongming rebelled against the revolution, he led his troops to defend Sun Yat-sen. In 1926, when Chiang Kai-shek appointed him as the head of the concubine division, he refused without hesitation. In 1927, when Chiang Kai-shek rebelled against the revolution, he joined the Communist Party without hesitation.
Chairman Mao's appraisal of Ye Jianying did not stop at these two sentences, and he also praised Ye Jianying's literary style.
In 1975, when Chairman Mao presided over the last meeting of the Central Committee, when he talked about Xin Zhizi's "Nanxiangzi Dengjingkou Beiguting Youhuai", He ordered Ye Jianying to recite the whole sentence on the spot, and then Chairman Mao went on to say, "Whoever is the hero of the world, Cao Liu, there is no Sun Zhongmou today." This person (referring to Ye Jianying) has some culture. ”
Ye Jianying and Mao Zedong
In 1976, when Chairman Mao was dying, Ye Jianying came to visit him at his sickbed, and Chairman Mao was still conscious at this time, but he could no longer speak. Ye Jianying saw the great leader he had followed all his life like this, and not only burst into tears.
When Chairman Mao saw Ye Jianying standing in front of the bed, he struggled to raise his arm and gently beckoned.
But the sad Ye Jianying did not notice, and when he walked out of the ward, the nurse who saw all this ran out and said to him, "Chief, the chairman beckons you to go!" ”
Ye Jianying stood in front of the hospital bed again and asked Chairman Mao what else he had commanded, chairman Mao tried his best to speak, but he could not say anything in any way, he could only hold Ye Jianying's hand tightly, shaking constantly, after a while, Chairman Mao was tired, closed his eyes, ye Jianying had to come out.
Chairman Mao's silent entrustment before his death may be the greatest affirmation of Ye Jianying's "not being confused about major matters."
Resources
HUANG Ziyun. Ye Jianying and Sun Yat-sen[j], An Overview of Party History, 2019, (No. 12).
YANG Fan. The Poetic Friendship between Ye Jianying and Mao Zedong[j], Military History, 1998, (No. 2).
CHEN Jin. Mao Zedong looks at Ye Jianying's "big joint"[j], Fujian Party History Monthly, 2009, (No. 3).
Li Zhishun, eds. Mao Zedong and the Ten Marshals. Beijing:Party School Press of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, 1994.01.
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