<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > Deng Xiaoping summarized the Baise Uprising and the Longzhou Uprising</h1>
In early December 1929, Deng Xiaoping left Longzhou and arrived in Hong Kong in the middle of the year. He participated in the "Discussion on the Work Arrangement of the Red Army in Guangxi" held by the Central Military Commission and made a "supplementary report." Deng Xiaoping focused on the following aspects:
On the issue of the Bose Uprising. Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "After arriving in Nanning, we decided to launch a guerrilla war in a short period of time to our existing units... But why don't we move in Nanning. It is because our power is not ready, and the masses have not yet moved... Questions about riots. We have noticed it for a long time, but having been instructed by the Central Committee to make us more resolute, but we must work preparedly, so that the time cannot be determined mechanically, and it is not until later that we have a strong organization in the army that we decide to move on the anniversary of the widespread riot. ”
On the issue of the Longzhou Uprising. Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "This time I came through Longzhou for two days and met with more than twenty comrades, including △ △ △ . After I told them the strategy to launch, they all accepted it and were ready to launch it. The preparations before the launch and the outline of the work plan after the launch have been jointly agreed upon, and the content is roughly the same as that of Youjiang. The main mobilization of the mass struggle, with the settlement of the old officers who were shaken and not resolute. ”
On the issue of the development direction after the Baise and Longzhou uprisings. Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "The direction of development is to make contact between the left and right rivers in order to push forward the development of the Xiang and Guangdong borders, so as to create a future of meeting with Zhu (De), Mao (Zedong), Peng (Dehuai), and Huang (Gongluo). ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > Second, Deng Xiaoping served as the political commissar of the Seventh Red Army</h1>
On December 11, 1929, according to the predetermined plan, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, Zhang Yunyi, Lei Jingtian, Wei Baqun and other Communists, the Fourth Guangxi Garrison Brigade, the Teaching Corps, and the Youjiang Peasants, which were controlled by the Communist Party of China, officially announced the uprising in Baise and established the Seventh Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Zhang Yunyi served as a military commander. Deng Xiaoping served as secretary of the Committee of Former Enemies of the Communist Party of China and political commissar of the Seventh Red Army. The Seventh Red Army had 3 columns and more than 2,800 men.
Subsequently, the First Workers' and Peasants' and Soldiers' Representative Conference of Youjiang was held in Pingma Town, Enlong County (present-day Tiandong County), and the Youjiang Soviet Government was established, with Lei Jingtian as chairman. After that, the Youjiang area began to distribute land. Soviet power in more than a dozen counties, such as Baise, Enlong, Long'an, Donglan, and Fengshan, was successively established, and the peasant armies in each county were reorganized into the Red Guards. After all this work, the Youjiang Revolutionary Base Area was initially built.
The Baise Uprising was quickly victorious because of the specific guidance of the CPC Central Committee, the careful arrangements of Deng Xiaoping, the representative of the CPC Central Committee, and a large number of Communists who went to Guangxi, the good foundation established by the CPC organizations in Guangxi, and the mastery of a part of the regular armed forces, as well as the vigorous support of the masses of the people of all nationalities in Guangxi.
In January 1930, Deng Xiaoping returned to Shanghai and reported to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the work of engaging in the united front, organizing the peasant movement, launching an armed uprising, and establishing the Red Seventh Army in Guangxi. The 2nd issue of the "Military Communications" sponsored by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China published "Discussion on the Work Arrangement of the Red Army in Guangxi" in the second issue of the "Military Communications".
The presentation and discussion were reflected in detail. The editor's note for this issue of The Military Newsletter reads: "Because this transformation in Guangxi is the most organized and conscious mutiny in the whole country, it is important to publish this record in the sense that the mutiny should be expanded at present, and to disseminate the lessons and experience gained from this mutiny to the local party departments." That's why we published this record in its entirety. ”
On March 2, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, through the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, forwarded a directive to the Former Committee of the Seventh Red Army, which read: "Comrade Xiaoping has come to have a detailed report on the work and changes in the military in Guangxi in the past. In addition to discussing in detail with Comrade Xiaoping many specific issues to be addressed by him, the following instructions were also given to formally approve the establishment of the Former Committee of the Seventh Red Army, with Deng Xiaoping, Chen Haoren, Zhang Yunyi, Li Qian, Wei Baqun, Lei Jingtian, He Shichang, and Deng Xiaoping as secretaries. At the same time, Zhang Yunyi was officially appointed as the commander of the Seventh Army of the Red Army, and Deng Xiaoping was made the political commissar. ”
Deng Xiaoping went to Shanghai to report on his work for more than a month. On February 7, he returned to Longzhou, Guangxi.
In February, Deng Xiaoping, Li Mingrui, Yu Zuoyu and other leaders held the Longzhou Uprising under the influence of the Communist Party of China in Guangxi Garrison Fifth Brigade, and established the Eighth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Yu Zuoyu as the commander, Deng Xiaoping as the political commissar, and Li Mingrui as the commander-in-chief of the Red Seventh Army and the Red Eighth Army. Subsequently, the Zuojiang Revolutionary Committee was established. The Zuojiang Revolutionary Base Area began to be established.
The Guangxi Youjiang Revolutionary Base Area and the Zuojiang Revolutionary Base Area created by the Communist Party of China are collectively referred to as the Left and Right River Revolutionary Base Areas.
From the end of 1929 to the beginning of 1930, the Baise Uprising and the Longzhou Uprising were successful, and the Seventh army and the Eighth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army were established in Guangxi, an ethnic minority area in southern China, and the left and right rivers became revolutionary base areas. This is a major victory for the Chinese revolution.
Soon, the General Headquarters of the Red Seventh Army and the Red Eighth Army decided. Concentrated the main forces of the Seventh and Eighth Armies of the Red Army to attack Nanning. Deng Xiaoping, who had just returned to Longzhou from Shanghai, learned of this situation and decided to stop the attack. In the future, the Red Seventh Army had time to stop the attack, so that lian was defeated, and was forced to withdraw from the towns along the Youjiang River and move to the Donglan and Fengshan areas in the central area of the Youjiang Revolutionary Base Area. At this time, the Red Eighth Army was also attacked by the Kuomintang troops, most of which suffered losses, and some of them were transferred to youjiang and incorporated into the Red Seventh Army.
After the Red Seventh Army retreated to the Donglan and Fengshan areas in mid-February, in order to avoid the attack of the Kuomintang troops and solve the problem of supplies, the army led the first column and the second column to leave the Youjiang revolutionary base area to go east to guerrillas, leaving the third column to persist in the struggle in the Donglan and Fengshan areas. In April, the main force of the Red Seventh Army passed through Hechi, Si'en, and Yibei (now merged into Huanjiang) to the border of Qiangui, and at the end of April, it captured the county seat of Rongjiang in southern Guizhou, killing and wounding more than 500 enemy prisoners, capturing some weapons and equipment, and raising a batch of funds.
At the beginning of May, the main force of the Red Seventh Army was faced with the unfavorable situation of the enemy forces of the Gui and Qian clans. That is, to the right river back to the division.
<h1 class ="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" >3, the Third Column and the Red Guards who remained on the inner line to persist in the struggle during the main force of the Red Seventh Army left Youjiang</h1>
Under the leadership of Wei Baqun, guerrilla warfare was actively carried out, and the revolutionary base areas of Youjiang were partially restored.
In mid-May, Li Mingrui and Zhang Yunyi led the main force of the Red Seventh Army back to Hechi from Guizhou. Deng Xiaoping immediately rushed to Hechi to meet them. Then, Deng Xiaoping convened a party congress to convey the instructions of the central government and discuss future actions. The meeting decided that the Seventh Red Army would return to Youjiang for a period of time to carry out the youjiang agrarian revolution in depth and to develop and transform the Red Army, and the general direction was to rapidly develop outward. The Red Seventh Army returned to the right river. The counties along the Baise and Youjiang rivers were recovered.
After that, the Seventh Red Army carried out the agrarian revolution in the areas of Enlong, Fengyi, Silin, and Guohua, reorganized and consolidated the troops, expanded the Red Army, and carried out the construction of base areas. In late July, the Red Seventh Army concentrated on Pingma and under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping and the Former Committee, conducted a three-month reorganization training. After the reorganization, the political and military quality of the troops has been greatly improved, and the number of soldiers has been increased, and the fourth column has been expanded. The whole army was strong and strong, reaching more than 8,000 people.
At this time, in the leading organs of the CPC Central Committee, "Left" adventurism, represented by Li Lisan, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, mistakenly occupied a dominant position. On June 11, Li Lisan presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and adopted the resolution "A New Revolutionary Upsurge and the First Victory of One or Several Provinces," which put forward a whole set of erroneous propositions on the situation, nature, and tasks of the Chinese revolution.
On the basis of a miscalculation of the situation of the Chinese revolution and the detachment of the Red Army's strength from reality, Li Lisan and others formulated an adventure plan for a nationwide general insurrection centered on Wuhan and a concentrated national Red Army offensive center city. Unrealistic fantasies can "meet Wuhan" and "drink horses on the Yangtze River".
In October, the central representatives who implemented Li Lisan's mistake of "left" adventurism came to Guangxi. At the meeting of the Former Committee, the resolution "A New Revolutionary Upsurge and the First Victory of a Province or Provinces" was conveyed. He also ordered the Red Seventh Army to move immediately. Leave the revolutionary base areas. Lay the foundation for Large and Medium-sized cities such as Liuzhou, Guilin, and Guangzhou. Complete the revolutionary tasks in southern China.
Although in late September 1930, at the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Li Lisan's mistake of "Left" adventurism had been corrected, and the adventurous operation of concentrating the Red Army throughout the country to attack the central cities had been stopped, the CCP organizations in Guangxi were unaware of the long distance and poor communication.
At the meeting, in light of the actual situation in which the enemy is strong and we are weak, Deng Xiaoping and others held that it was uncertain for the Red Seventh Army to conquer these cities, and put forward different opinions. However, the majority of those present advocated obedience to the instructions of the central representatives. Deng Xiaoping had to act with the army. After the Red Seventh Army marched. Although the majority of commanders and fighters were heroic and tenacious in combat. They were followed by successive servants, but they still suffered repeated defeats and suffered great losses to their troops.
On January 2, 1931, when the Red Seventh Army entered and occupied Jeonju, Deng Xiaoping convened a meeting of the former committee. At the meeting, Deng Xiaoping proposed: The troops rested for three days in Jeonju; changed the strategy of attacking hard and attacking strong points; and changed the simple military operation to mobilize the masses along the way.
After discussion, the former committee agreed with Deng Xiaoping's opinion, and decided to abandon the plan to attack the big cities, change the strategy of attacking tough problems, march to the border area of Hunan, Guangdong, and Gansu, and go to Jiangxi to meet the central Red Army.
After the meeting, the central deputies who had carried out Li Lisan's erroneous "Left" adventurism left the troops in the name of reporting their work to the central authorities.
In order to enhance the combat effectiveness of the troops, the former committee has reorganized the troops. At this time, the strength of the army was less than 4,000 people. In accordance with the spirit of the meeting of the former committee, we marched in the direction of the central revolutionary base areas.
In February 1931, the Red Seventh Army occupied the county seat of Chongyi in Jiangxi And contacted the Gannan Action Committee of the Communist Party of China (i.e., the Gannan Special Committee). After Deng Xiaoping had arranged the work of the Seventh Red Army in Chongyi, the former committee decided to send Deng Xiaoping to Shanghai to report on its work to the CPC Central Committee. Subsequently, Deng Xiaoping traveled to Shanghai.
After the Red Seventh Army entered the central revolutionary base area, it joined the Red Army and was subsequently incorporated into the Red Third Army. The cadres and soldiers of the Seventh Red Army, because of their formal military training and political education, made rapid progress in the fires of war, showing a heroic and tenacious spirit, a spirit of not being afraid of sacrifice, and skillful military skills. He made important contributions in the agrarian revolutionary war, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation.