During the period of the founding of the Party and the vigorous Great Revolution, Li Lisan gradually grew into the leader of the workers' movement within the Party and made important contributions to the early workers' movement led by the Communist Party of China. In his nearly 50 years of revolutionary career, he has made important contributions to the cause of China's revolutionary liberation and to the construction and development of New China.
Although li lisan has made mistakes, he can have the courage to admit mistakes and correct them, so that he can finally become a selfless, dedicated to the people, and worthy of people's admiration.
In Li Lisan's life, he also experienced three memorial services. On May 1922, August 1927 and March 20, 1980, the first two memorial services were misinformed, and the last one was held 13 years after his death.
So why did Li Lisan hold three memorial services? And what kind of experience story?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > Li Lisan changed his name</h1>
Li Lisan was born on November 18, 1899, to a scholarly family in Yangsanshi Village, Liling County, Hunan Province, and his great-grandfather, grandfather and father were all born in Xiucai, which may be a factor in the origin of family learning, so Li Lisan was intelligent and studious from an early age.
Li Lisan originally had an older brother above, and at the age of four he could recite Tang poems, which could be described as a child prodigy, but unfortunately, Li Lisan's brother died at the age of five.
After Li Lisan was born, he was named Li Fengsheng. When he was 7 years old, in 1906, he began to study, and his family renamed him Li Longzhi.
In the winter of 1921, when Li Longzhi went to the Anyuan Mine to work on the workers' movement, Mao Zedong said to him: "Your name is difficult to recognize and difficult to write, so it is better to change it." So he changed his name to Li Nengzhi.
But later, in November 1924, Li Nengzhi (Li Longzhi) and Deng Zhongxia went to Shanghai to participate in the trade union election, and on the way, Deng Zhongxia felt that the name Li Longzhi was too literary and complicated, so he asked Li Nengzhi (Li Longzhi) to change his name. At this time, he saw three people standing at the entrance of the railway station, so he changed his name to Li Lisan.
Since then, Li Lisan has begun to use this name, while other names, on the contrary, know less people.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > leading the Anyuan workers' movement</h1>
In December 1921, Li Lisan, Cai Hesen and Chen Gongpei returned from France. They were originally work-study students in France, but this time they were sent back to China early, and after they returned home, they went straight to the location of the central organ of the Communist Party of China, Mingdri No. 2.
In the office of the organ of the Communist Party of China, Li Lisan (also known as Li Longzhi at this time), Cai Hesen, and Chen Gongpei said to Chen Duxiu: "Actually, we have come back and want to join the Communist Party of China, and we are ready to join the revolution. ”
Chen Duxiu said, "Then what are your specific plans?" ”
Li Lisan said: "The specific plan is to join the party and then ask the party to assign us work."
After Chen Duxiu listened, he smiled and nodded his head and said, "Good."
At that time, because Chen Gongpei joined the Shanghai Communist Party group as early as 1920 and was one of the early members of the Communist Party of China, Chen Duxiu, on behalf of the Party Central Committee, approved Li Lisan and Cai Hesen to join the Communist Party of China.
After Li Lisan and Cai Hesen joined the Communist Party of China, Chen Duxiu then arranged work for them, Chen Gongpei went to Hainan Island to open up party work, and Cai Hesen stayed in the central government to do propaganda work.
Li Lisan was sent to Hunan to engage in the workers' movement, and at that time Chen Duxiu wrote a letter to the party organization in Hunan Xiang District introducing Li Lisan's contacts.
Why did Chen Duxiu let Li Lisan go to Hunan to work in the workers' movement? There is a reason for this, because Li Lisan is a native of Hunan and also met Mao Zedong, who was then the secretary of the Hunan branch of the Communist Party.
At that time, Mao Zedong lived at No. 22 Qingshuitang outside Xiaowumen, so after Li Lisan arrived in Changsha, Hunan Province, he went straight to Mao Zedong's residence.
When Mao Zedong saw Li Lisan, he said happily, "There are returnees from the cave court."
Li Lisan replied happily, "Xiao Xiang meets the deceased."
After Li Lisan finished speaking, the two of them burst out laughing.
After that, Li Lisan handed over the letter of introduction written by Chen Duxiu to Mao Zedong and said, "I am returning to my hometown to join the revolution."
Mao Zedong listened and said, "That's fine." Then Mao Zedong briefed Li Lisan on the situation of the Anyuan miners. At that time, there were more than 13,000 miners, including more than 1,000 railway workers.
After Mao Zedong introduced the situation of the Anyuan miners, he said: "What do you think of you going to Anyuan to lead the work of the labor movement?"
After Li Lisan heard this, he said, "No problem, I obey the organizational arrangement."
During this period, Mao Zedong thought that many of the workers in the Anyuan Mine did not know the characters, and Li Lisan's name at this time was Li Longzhi, and Mao Zedong thought that Li Longzhi was not only difficult to recognize, but also difficult to write, so he suggested that he change his name, so he changed his name to Li Nengzhi.
After Li Lisan (Li Nengzhi) arrived in Anyuan, he decided to open a civilian school in Anyuan in the hope of helping workers grow their culture. Later, with the support of the county government, Li Lisan rented a house in Wufu Lane, Anyuan, and then hung up the sign of the civilian primary school, and soon more than thirty children of eighty or nine-year-old workers came here to attend classes.
Later, with the efforts of Li Lisan, the number of students in the civilian primary school increased to fifty or sixty. Later, a workers' cram school was opened, which was able to unite the first active figures of the Anyuan workers' movement.
By February 1922, under the influence of Li Lisan, 6 more Anyuan workers joined the Communist Party of China and created the Anyuan Party Branch, with Li Lisan serving as the party branch secretary. By May 1922, Li Lisan organized the establishment of the Anyuan Road Miners' Club.
At this time, Li Lisan not only carried out the workers' movement in Anyuan, but also opened a library in Changsha, which later became the Changsha Workers' Club.
It was precisely because Li Lisan was able to carry out the workers' movement in Anyuan and Changsha at the same time, so he was talented and was elected as a member when the Xiang District Committee was established.
Under the leadership of Li Lisan, the labor movement work in the Anyuan Road Mine has made very good progress. On September 12, 1922, at a meeting of the party branch, it was decided to set up a strike command, with Li Lisan as the commander-in-chief, and Liu Shaoqi, who had just arrived in Anyuan, stationed in the club.
On September 14, Li Lisan and Liu Shaoqi led more than 17,000 people to hold a general strike on this day. The strike lasted for 5 days, and by the end, not only had victory been achieved, but not a single person had been injured. Of course, this also reflects Li Lisan's talent in leading the labor movement.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="38" > "first" memorial service</h1>
Li Lisan used to work and study in France, and he was sent back to China early when he returned to China. In May 1922, a classmate who was still working in France received a tabloid report that Li Longzhi (Li Lisan) had been killed in Pingxiang.
Students in France were very sad to see this tabloid news, so Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, and Wang Ruofei held a memorial service for Li Lisan in France.
Of course, after the memorial service, it did not take long for it to come from China that Li Lisan was doing the work of the workers' movement in Anyuan, and he also did a very good job.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="42" > marital status</h1>
In Li Lisan's life, there were four marriages, the first wife died of ill health, and the second wife Li Yichun (formerly known as Li Chongying), who was originally Yang Kaizhi's wife, later married Li Lisan.
Li Yichun felt ashamed of Yang Kaizhi, so he introduced his sister Li Chongde to Yang Kaizhi. After Yang Kaizhi and Li Chongde got married, Li Yichun also understood a heart in his heart.
Li Lisan's third wife was Li Chongshan, another sister of Li Yichun. The fourth wife was Lisa, whose original name was Elizabeth Pavlovna Kishkina.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="46" > "Xiang Cai" peacefully break up, "Li Cai" falls in love</h1>
In November 1924, Li Lisan (Li Longzhi) and Deng Zhongxia went to Wusong to participate in the trade union election, and on the way, Deng Zhongxia suggested that he change his name, and they saw three people standing at the station entrance, so they changed their name to Li Lisan.
In October 1925, Li Lisan and Li Yichun, together with Cai Hesen and Xiang Jingyu, were sent by the CPC Central Committee to Moscow to attend a conference.
But unexpectedly, Li Lisan and Li Yichun's trip to Moscow with Cai Hesen and Xiang Jingyu and his wife made their marriage problems.
Cai Hesen and Xiang Jianyu were both important figures in the Chinese Communist Party and also the heroes of the time, and after they got married, they were regarded as a model of husband and wife by countless revolutionary youths at that time, and at the same time they were also called "Xiang Cai's alliance".
Before they came to Moscow, in June 1925, Cai and Sen fell ill after being overworked by leading the May Thirtieth Movement in Shanghai, so they left Shanghai for Beijing for medical treatment.
At this time, Cai Hesen's position was the head of the Central Propaganda Department, and after Cai Hesen recuperated from illness, Peng Shuzhi took over his work, and at the same time, Peng Shuzhi was also in charge of the work of the Central Women's Committee. At that time, the work of the Women's Committee was xiang police.
Xiang Jianyu is a heroic figure who does not let his eyebrows be shaved, and Peng Shuzhi is a person with outstanding talents, and the two have more contact because of their work, so that they have a good feeling for each other and fall in love. (Of course, three months later, the two were separated))
After Cai and Sen knew, they felt very sad. After the party organization knew, it also sighed, in order to save the Xiangcai alliance, so the organization let their couple go to Moscow, hoping that through the trip to Moscow, the relationship between the husband and wife would be restored.
However, after Cai and Sen and Xiang Jianyu arrived in Moscow, they finally calmly chose to break up peacefully through calm thinking, but it is worth mentioning that although Xiang Jingyu and Cai and Sen broke up, only the "Xiang Cai Alliance" in life was gone, and the "Xiang Cai Alliance" in the revolutionary aspect was still there, because they were still like-minded and caring comrades.
For example, later when Xiang Police was arrested, Cai he and Sen wanted to do rescue, and later Xiang Xiang was heroic and righteous, Cai he sen wrote with grief:
"Great police, heroic police, you are not dead, you are never dead. You are not my personal lover and Sen's personal lover, you are the eternal lover of the Chinese proletariat. ”
From all this, it can be seen that the breakup of Xiang Jingyu and Cai and Sen is a peaceful breakup.
Of course, although it was a peaceful breakup, there were still some blows to the two, after all, there was a husband and wife, and at this time, Coupled with cai and Sen's weak health, so the health was even worse.
Li Lisan and Li Yichun came to Moscow with Cai Hesen and Xiang Jingyu, so they often took care of Cai Hesen.
But what Li Lisan did not expect was that during the period when Li Yichun took care of Cai hesen, after a long time, they actually developed feelings.
One day, Li Yichun showed Li Lisan about himself and Cai Hesen,
Li Lisan said sadly, "Is there no room for redemption?"
Li Yichun said: "Let's think about it for him, and he can't be left unattended around him."
Although Li Lisan knew that this reason was far-fetched, he could only accept the reality at this time, so he sent sincere blessings to Li Yichun and Cai Hesen.
Li Yichun was Yang Kaizhi's wife before, and after marrying Li Lisan, she felt guilty and introduced her sister Li Chongde to Yang Kaizhi.
Now that Li Yichun and Cai Hesen are in love, she feels ashamed of Li Lisan, so she introduces her other sister, Li Chongshan, to Li Lisan. (Li Yichun, who joined the revolution in 1923 and made significant contributions to China's revolutionary liberation cause and the construction and development of New China, died on May 17, 1984, at the age of 85.) ）
In April 1926, Li Lisan returned to Shanghai alone, and because Li Yichun had introduced his sister Li Chongshan to him, he found Li Chongshan in Shanghai.
Li Chongshan was also a member of the Communist Party, and after the two got to know each other, they both developed feelings for each other, and in January 1927, Li Lisan and Li Chongshan married.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="70">", "Second" memorial service</h1>
At this time, although it was still the period of the Great Revolution, the revolutionary situation was very grim, because the Kuomintang reactionaries were speeding up the pace of anti-communist anti-communistism, and this day was coming very quickly.
On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched the April 12 counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai, and the vigorous Great Revolution failed, after which the Kuomintang reactionaries began to massacre and arrest communists on a large scale, causing countless revolutionary heroes to die under the butcher's knife of the enemy.
Under this grim situation, Li Lisan advocated mobilizing the masses of the people to carry out the struggle, and at the same time advocated armed resistance to the Kuomintang reactionaries.
In order to show the determination of the Chinese Communist Party to carry the revolution through to the end, but also to arm the massacre of the Kuomintang reactionaries. Li Lisan initiated the Nanchang Uprising and served as a member of the Committee of Former Enemies, actually organizing and leading the Nanchang Uprising.
After the Nanchang Uprising, on August 3, the rebel army withdrew from Nanchang. When the troops were about to leave, Li Lisan was suddenly informed that he had found the enemy.
At that time, the situation was in crisis, Li Lisan did not have time to ask for instructions, he immediately personally led the troops to block the attack, after repelling the enemy, the result was that he went in the wrong direction, and did not return to the troops in time, so everyone thought that Li Lisan should have been sacrificed.
Therefore, the comrades in the army decided to hold a memorial service for Li Lisan, and as a result, the memorial service had just begun, and Li Lisan returned.
At that time, when Li Lisan saw this situation, he smiled and said, "Give me a memorial service, and wait for decades!" ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="79" > bid farewell to his wife and daughter and went to Moscow</h1>
In 1930, Li Lisan now assumed the main leadership responsibility of the Party Central Committee. At this time, not only had the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army grown to more than 100,000 people, but also the revolutionary base areas in various places had also grown to more than a dozen.
In October 1930, the Comintern asked Li Lisan to go to the Soviet Union, at which point Li Lisan knew that it might be difficult for him to return to the Soviet Union in a short period of time. At this time, his wife Li Chongshan was pregnant.
Li Lisan considered that his two daughters were still young, plus Li Chongshan was pregnant at this time, and Li Chongshan himself was engaged in underground work of the party.
Under such circumstances, Li Lisan said to his wife Li Chongshan: "After the child is born, give it to someone." ”
Li Chongshan knew that the situation was grim, but she did not think of giving away the child, so she looked at Li Lisan in surprise and said, "Give the child away? ”
Li Lisan said, "I may not be able to come back for a while and a half." How can you have three children alone, let alone work. ”
Li Chongshan thought for a while and said sadly, "To whom?" You can't just give it to anyone, right? After all, if you have a chance in the future, you always have to find it. ”
Li Lisan said, "If you agree, I have already decided on a candidate."
It turned out that Li Lisan had already agreed with an old worker who had close ties with the party, and at the same time gave the old worker a note as a certificate, so that he could hold this note in the future and take the child away after Li Chongshan gave birth to the child.
After arranging things for his wife Li Chongshan and his children, Li Lisan left his wife and daughter and embarked on a journey to Moscow in the Soviet Union.
And the truth is that just as Li Lisan thought, it is impossible to come back in a short period of time. What he didn't expect was that he had been gone for 15 years.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="91" > in the Soviet Union for fifteen years, and Lisha loved each other</h1>
At the end of 1930, Li Lisan arrived in Moscow and reported to the Comintern, where he was sincere in his self-criticism and self-examination, which was understood by many members of the Executive Committee of the Comintern. After that, he stayed in the Soviet Union and changed his name to Li Ming, and in 1931, with the qualification of a graduate student, he entered the Marxist-Leninist Political Academy.
During his time in the Soviet Union, Li Lisan met his fourth wife, Li Sha.
Lisa was born on March 20, 1914, in Saratov Oblast, USSR, under the original name of Elizabeth Pavlovna Kishkina. When she was five years old, her father died of illness, and the family road declined rapidly, so she had to live a life of displacement with her mother.
In 1931, at the age of 17, Li Sha, after graduating from the Moscow Publishing and Printing Technology College, was assigned to the Far East Publishing House as a technical editor, where she came into contact with many Chinese editors, and of course, listened to Li Lisan as a person.
One day in 1933, Li Lisan went to Yang Song's house, and Yang Song's wife happened to be good friends with Li Sha, and they were together at the time, so Li Lisan and Li Sha met. Later, as they came into contact with each other more often, they became familiar.
In 1935, Li Lisan received an order from the Comintern to take people to Almaty to establish a traffic station to restore telecommunications links between the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Comintern. (Since October 1934, after the Long March of the main force of the Central Red Army, the telecommunications between the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Communist International have been interrupted.)
After Li Lisan received the order, he packed his bags and prepared to leave, and it was at this time that Li Sha came.
Lisa said, "Where are you going?"
Li Lisan hesitated for a moment, then said, "I'll go and recuperate."
But Li Sha knew that it was not the season for recuperation, she looked at Li Lisan's luggage, and then understood that Li Lisan was going to return to China.
At this time, Li Sha was a little sad, because she knew in her heart that Li Lisan might not have a chance to see her again when she left.
Li Lisan comforted her and said, "Rest assured, I will be back soon."
Sure enough, in June 1935, Li Lisan returned to Moscow, and then met with Li Sha, this time Li Lisan and Li Sha confessed their real names, as well as family situations, Li Sha did not mind after listening, and said that the reason accepted everything about Li Lisan.
Since Li Lisan had lost contact with his wife Li Chongshan since he came to Moscow in 1930, he and Li Sha married in February 1936. (Li Chongshan, betrayed by traitors, heroically sacrificed)
Their marriage room, which is a room of less than 14 square meters, after they got married, they loved each other and began to live together for a lifetime.
It was not until June 1945 that Li Lisan finally saw the hope of returning to China, when his former comrade-in-arms Guo Moruo happened to come to Moscow, Li Lisan met Guo Moruo three times, told his thoughts about the motherland and the comrades of the motherland, and wrote a letter to Guo Moruo.
At that time, Li Lisan said to Guo Moruo: "Please be sure to forward this letter to the Party Central Committee, hoping that the Party Central Committee will negotiate with the Soviet Union and allow me to return to China to work." ”
Later, with The help of Guo Moruo, Li Lisan finally got the news that he was allowed to return to China.
For this return to China, Li Lisan waited for a full 15 years, when he said excitedly: "The motherland has not forgotten me, and the party has not forgotten me." ”
After the New Year of 1946, Li Lisan finished the formalities and bid farewell to his wife Li Sha, when he said to his wife, "Wait for my good news, we will be reunited soon." ”
Li Sha was already in tears at this, and she said over and over again: "You must write early, you must arrange it as soon as possible, and you must notify me to go to China as soon as possible." ”
After hearing this, Li Lisan said, "I will definitely pick you up as soon as possible." ”
In October 1946, Li Sha bid farewell to her mother, and she was the first russian lady of a Chinese revolutionary to board a train going south.
In May 1947, Li Lisan was appointed as the director of urban work of the Northeast Bureau, responsible for the work of the translation team of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.
In August 1948, the Sixth National Labor Conference was held in Harbin, at which Li Lisan was elected executive vice chairman and secretary of the party group of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, and after the meeting, he was also the chairman of the Northeast Federation of Trade Unions, which made him once again ascend to the leadership position of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.
After the founding of New China, Li Lisan continued to preside over the work of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and made major contributions to the establishment and development of China's trade union cause and labor security cause.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="118", ">", "Ter." memorial service</h1>
On June 22, 1967, Li Lisan passed away.
Thirteen years later, on March 20, 1980, the Party Central Committee held a solemn memorial service for Li Lisan, the leader of the Chinese workers' movement, at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Zhongshan Park, Beijing, which was Li Lisan's third and last memorial service. At this memorial service, Li Lisan's revolutionary merits were fully affirmed.
On November 18, 1984, the 85th anniversary of Li Lisan's birth, the central government approved Li Lisan's former residence in Liling, Hunan Province, to open to the public. At this time, Li Sha came to the former residence of Li Lisan Li with a very excited mood, because this was the first time she had come to her in-laws' house.
On May 12, 2015, Li Sha died of illness in Beijing at the age of 101.