Military fans who are familiar with the history of our Party know that from the First to the Fifth National Congress of the Party, these major meetings were held in China. However, the sixth congress of the party was an exception, when the venue of the meeting was chosen in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union, according to the needs of the national and international situation.
At the Sixth National Congress and the subsequent First Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, a new leading member of the party was elected, and there were 5 members of the Politburo Standing Committee, including Xiang Zhongfa, Su Zhaozheng, Xiang Ying, Zhou Enlai, Cai Hesen, of which Xiang Zhongfa was the chairman of the Standing Committee and jumped to the top position. There are 3 alternate members of the Politburo Standing Committee, including Li Lisan, Yang Yin, and Xu Xigen.
It should be pointed out that although Xiang Zhongfa was elected as the number one, his election was largely due to the fact that the Comintern valued his worker background at that time. Due to Xiang Zhongfa's own limited theoretical cultivation and personal ability, he lacked the ability to handle the affairs of the whole party and failed to play a leading role in the practical work of the central authorities. Objectively, this led to the fact that Xiang Zhongfa was nominally the number one, while in the actual position of power in the central decision-making was Li Lisan, who was later re-elected as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee.
Li Lisan, with a fiery personality, dared to break through and fight, and was nicknamed "Tank". When he held the real power of the central government and presided over the work of the central government, he launched a wrong left-leaning adventurism action from June to September 1930, which is known in history as the "establishment of the three lines". In three months, the Various Red Army, under the influence of the wrong line, ventured to fight hard in the big cities and suffered heavy losses. Faced with this bloody lesson, our Party quickly corrected this erroneous line, and since then Li Lisan has left the leading post of the Central Committee.
So what happened to Li Lisan, who no longer presided over the work of the Central Committee? Where did he go and what position did he hold? Things have to start from the domestic international!
Everyone knows that in the early days of the founding of our Party, the Communist International played a great role in financial and policy guidance, and it is precisely for this reason that the imprint of the Domestic International was also imprinted on the Party's initial decision-making and personnel arrangements.
In the process of implementing the Lisan Line, Li Lisan had "offended" the Domestic International and the "Left Soviet Faction" headed by Wang Ming, so after he left the central post, the Comintern at the end of 1930 immediately "arranged" for him to return to the Soviet Union to "report and inspect" the work. Thus began a long life in the Soviet Union for 15 years.
When he came to the Soviet Union to report on his work, Li Lisan was bright and upright, did not shirk his responsibility, profoundly reflected on his left-leaning mistakes, had a particularly sincere attitude, and showed the demeanor of a firm proletarian revolutionary. To give an example: At that time, he gave a lecture to Chinese students in Suzhou under a pseudonym, and when he talked about the lesson of "Lisan Route", he explained in detail the various links of the Lisan Route with his own personal experience and insights, and deeply criticized himself, and when the student asked him: "How do you know so clearly?" He replied on the spot, "I am Li Lisan."
A person who dares to admit his mistakes and dares to speak out his mistakes in public requires a great deal of courage and courage, and Li Lisan is such a revolutionary who dares to be bold.
During his stay in the Soviet Union, Li Lisan, while reviewing his mistakes, maintained his enthusiasm and selfless work; he successively served as a member of the delegation to the Communist International, a representative of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions in the Red Workers' International, a director of the Chinese Department of the Workers' Publishing House of the Communist International, and an editor-in-chief of the "National Salvation Times." In particular, when he was the editor-in-chief of the "National Salvation Times," he did a great deal of work, which beneficially promoted the spread of Marxism and the influence of our party's national united front policy on the international community.
However, in 1935, after Returning to the Soviet Union as head of the Chinese delegation to the Comintern, Wang Ming seized on the "Lisan Line" and gave him "small shoes" everywhere. In the days that followed, he was imprisoned by the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs even as a "spy" and remained firm in the face of torture. Objectively speaking, in the Lisan line, Li Lisan's original intention was to take advantage of the favorable situation of the Central Plains War to rapidly promote the rapid development of the revolution, but because of his hot head, he deviated from reality and "did bad things with good intentions." But he did not excuse himself like Wang Ming, but frankly admitted and actively corrected, and the personalities of the two were judged from above!
In September 1939, according to the arrangements of his superiors, Zhou Enlai went to the Soviet Union for medical treatment. During the treatment of the Soviet Union, he reacted to the wrong case created by Wang Ming and others through the use of purge, and after mediation, the Soviet side finally found out the truth and made a decision against Li Lisan: lift the imprisonment and release him. However, although the Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs released him from imprisonment, it still did not allow him to return to China.
In 1946, after Negotiations with the Chinese Side, Li Lisan returned to his motherland after a 15-year absence. Stepping onto the land of the motherland, he was entrusted with a heavy responsibility, serving as a member of the Northeast 3-member Group of our military dispatch department, chief representative, and director of the Northeast Bureau's Enemy Works Department and The City Work Department, and played an important role in promoting the uprising of Zeng Zeshengbu of the Dian Army.
After the founding of New China, he also served as the secretary of the Central Working Committee, vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, secretary general of the Party Group of the Central People's Air Defense Commission, member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, member of the Central People's Government, member of the State Council, minister of labor and secretary of the party leading group, member of the Central Policy Discussion Committee, member of the Financial and Economic Committee of the Central People's Government, deputy director of the Third Office of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, deputy director of the Industrial Transportation Work Department of the CPC Central Committee, and secretary of the Secretariat of the North China Bureau. The proposed industrial management ideas were called "two references, one reform and three combinations" by the chairman, which made outstanding contributions to promoting the scientific management of China's industrial system.
Later, due to the influence of the wrong struggle, Li Lisan died unjustly on June 22, 1967, but history is fair, and 13 years later, in 1980, the party rehabilitated Li Lisan and gave him a fair evaluation. Today, the former residence of Li Lisan, located in Fujian Wei Village, Lijiang Township, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, has become a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit in Hunan Province, and at the very top of the gate is engraved 7 big characters "Former Residence of Comrade Li Lisan" written by Hu Yaobang himself for future generations to visit, let us pay tribute to Li Lisan's revolutionaries of the older generation.