#党的女儿 #
Jude
As a close comrade and comrade-in-arms of Chairman Mao, Zhu De made outstanding contributions to the founding of New China and ranked first among the ten marshals of the Republic. However, his emotional experience is very bumpy, and he has had six wives in his life.
Zhu De's first wife, named Liu Congzhen, was a feudal arranged marriage; his second wife, Xiao Jufang, whom he met while studying at the Wutang, but unfortunately died of illness three years after marriage; the third wife, Chen Yuzhen, hid in Tibet to protect her mother-in-law and son and hid her name in anonymity; the fourth wife, He Zhihua, who first cheated after marriage and then betrayed Comrade Luo Yinong as a traitor; the fifth wife, named Wu Ruolan, who was brutally killed by the Kuomintang authorities and hung her head at the gate of Ganzhou; the sixth wife was named Kang Keqing. He took care of Zhu De for a long time and became his assistant, and finally reached the rank of deputy state.
Zhu De and Kang Keqing
Although he has experienced so many feelings, Comrade Zhu De only has one son, one daughter and two children, the son is named Zhu Qi, and the daughter is named Zhu Min. Today, Wenshi will take you to tell you the history experienced by Zhu Min, the only daughter of Marshal Zhu De.
In order to resist the phenomenon of plagiarism and manuscript washing, I had to attach a watermark logo to the pictures from the Internet. At the same time, it is stated that all original articles of "Literature and History Are Not False" are only published on the two platforms of "Baijia" and "Toutiao", and the rest of the platforms and accounts are shameless plagiarism!
Jude and daughter
Zhu Min (April 1926 – April 2009), formerly known as Zhu Minshu and fei fei, was a native of Yilong County, Sichuan Province, and the only daughter of Marshal Zhu De. Born in Moscow, she lived in the Soviet Union for a long time, worked at Beijing Normal University, the Military Museum and the Research Office of the Chinese Embassy in the Former Soviet Union after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and died at the general hospital of the People's Liberation Army at the age of 83.
Zhu Min's mother, He Zhihua, was a progressive young man who had received a new cultural education and taught at the Kaijiang Girls' High School in Sichuan Province. Her cousin was a general in the Defending Army and had a close relationship with Zhu De, so she introduced her cousin to Zhu De.
He Zhihua had long admired Zhu De's great name, so he began a crazy pursuit regardless of the age difference of seventeen years. However, at that time, Zhu De was already married to his third wife, Chen Yuzhen, and seeing the situation of warlords fighting after the Xinhai Revolution, he did not have time to take care of the private feelings of his children, so he did not care about her hot confession.
Jude's youth
In order to seek a way to save the country and save the people, Zhu De ran around. He first found Sun Yat-sen, but did not get a real answer. Immediately after, he found Chen Duxiu again, and the other party did not seem to want to accept him as an "old warlord".
In this context, Zhu De, who is already a lieutenant general, came up with the idea of studying abroad. However, he did not choose to go to the United States or Japan, but chose Germany, the birthplace of Marxism.
Marx
When Judd arrived in Berlin, Germany, he never expected to meet He Zhihua again. It turned out that she heard that Zhu De was going to study abroad, and actually quit her job as a teacher to follow, hoping to continue the frontier.
He Zhihua is not only literate, but also can speak fluent English and German, which brings a lot of convenience to Zhu De's study and life in a foreign country. Moreover, Zhu De mistakenly thought that his wife Chen Yuzhen had died in the war in China, and in order to remember He Zhihua's deep affection for himself, he married her in Germany.
Zhu De and He Zhihua and others took a group photo in Germany
After their marriage, Zhu De and He Zhihua studied social sciences at the University of August in Göttingen, Germany. During this period, he had a clearer and more thorough understanding of Marxist thought, and began to work hard to learn German and Russian, and joined the Communist Party of China under the introduction of Zhou Enlai.
Since then, Zhu De has finally found the goal and direction of life, and also found the way to save China. At this time, He Zhihua was also pregnant, which made him very happy when he was almost confused.
October revolution
After the victory of the October Revolution, the first real Soviet power was gradually born in the world. From then on, the German authorities began to restrict the spread of Marxism and began to suppress the activities of the Communist Party. Directly affected by this, Zhu De was arrested and deported.
Under the arrangement of the party organization, Zhu De went to Moscow and entered the Eastern University in the Soviet Union to study military affairs. He Zhihua also arrived in Moscow shortly after, where he gave birth to his daughter Zhu Min, and the family of three achieved a brief reunion.
Zhu Min's birth did not bring happiness to the family, He Zhihua began to dislike her husband's boring and boring, began to dislike his lack of romance, and there was an obvious emotional rift between the husband and wife. However, the elderly and generous Zhu De was able to tolerate his wife's unreasonable teasing and barely maintained the marriage.
After 1924, with the convening of the Kuomintang Congress, it marked the completion of the reorganization of the Kuomintang and the formal establishment of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Under the joint impetus of the two parties, the vigorous revolution began, and China ushered in a rare opportunity for development.
In 1926, with the beginning of the Northern Expedition, Zhu De was ordered to return to China to participate in the revolution. At that time, the organization hoped to use his position and influence in the Sichuan Army to actively persuade the Sichuan warlord Yang Sen to also participate in the Northern Expedition.
Before returning to China, Zhu De decided to leave He Zhihua and his daughter Zhu Min in Moscow, leaving enough living expenses for their mother and daughter. Before leaving, he hugged his daughter and kissed and kissed, and promised He Zhihua that he would pick up their mother and daughter as soon as he returned to China and settled down. However, he would never have imagined that after this separation from his daughter, the reunion of father and daughter would be fourteen years later.
It turned out that with Zhu De's return to China, He Zhihua soon became acquainted with Huo Jiaxin, a young man who came to Moscow to study, and fell in a crazy love with him. Soon after, in order to pursue the so-called "revolutionary romance", she actually betrayed her feelings and marriage with Zhu De, asked her sister to take her daughter Zhu Min back to her hometown in Chengdu to be cared for by her mother, and then she lived with Huo Jiaxin.
For He Zhihua's betrayal, Zhu De, who was in china, seemed very calm. He wrote back agreeing to end his marriage and devote himself to revolutionary work.
Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei
In 1927, with Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei betraying the revolution one after another, the Great Revolution, which had been pinned high hopes on, failed. In order to persist in the revolution, our Party, after criticizing and correcting Chen Duxiu's right-leaning line, decided to carry out armed struggle, organized and led successively the Nanchang Uprising, the Guangzhou Uprising, and the Autumn Harvest Uprising, igniting the spark of the Chinese revolution.
At the beginning of 1928, the organization arranged for He Zhihua and Huo Jiaxin to return to China. After that, they served as the secretary of Comrade Luo Yinong and lived in Shanghai to work underground. The lights of Shanghai and the drunken gold fans soon made He Zhihua intoxicated and completely lost the fighting spirit of the revolutionaries.
Because He Zhihua often took Huo Jiaxin out to socialize, he often lingered on various occasions, and finally met with serious criticism from Luo Yinong. From then on, without repentance, she actually remembered and hated Luo Yinong.
At the time, Luo Yinong was a member of the Provisional Politburo Standing Committee and director of the Organization Bureau of the CENTRAL Committee, and was wanted by the Kuomintang authorities for a $3,000 bounty. He Zhihua was deeply moved by this, and after many discussions with Huo Jiaxin, she finally jointly betrayed Comrade Luo Yinong.
On April 15, 1928, Luo Yinong was unfortunately arrested on Gordon Road in Shanghai, and then extradited to the Songhu Police Command, where he was tortured and tortured again and again but never gave in. Annoyed and angry, Chiang Kai-shek, who had just returned, directly issued an execution order and killed Comrade Luo Yinong at the Longhua Execution Ground, making him the first member of the Politburo Standing Committee in the history of our party to sacrifice.
After this incident, Zhou Enlai, who was in charge of the work of the special branch, summoned Chen Geng and others to a meeting, and everyone concluded that there were traitors within the organization, and it was most likely Huo Jiaxin and He Zhihua. Through rigorous investigation and forensics, Central Turks finally determined the correctness of the guess.
Central Teco Hoe Rape
In order not to scare the snake, the organization secretly transferred He Zhihua and Huo Jiaxin on the grounds of "personal safety", and also said that they would rearrange their identities and jobs. Just as they were glad they had done a good job, Turko arranged for the gang to shoot several shots at the two traitors to avenge the martyrs. Huo Jiaxin died on the spot, but He Zhihua was blinded in only one eye, and later survived but there was no more news.
Zhu Min and her grandmother and aunt
Poor Zhu Min was "abandoned" by her mother, and since then she has lived with her grandmother and aunt, changing her name to "He Feifei".
After the August 1 Nanchang Uprising, Zhu De led his troops and retreated, and after being defeated by the Kuomintang army in the Chaoshan region of Guangdong, he moved to the southern region of Hunan. In April 1928, he led more than 10,000 troops to Jinggangshan, Jiangxi Province, to meet the autumn harvest uprising troops led by Mao Zedong, and immediately established the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, creating the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area.
Jinggangshan will be a teacher
As Zhu De gradually became the main leader of our army, the Kuomintang authorities began to search for his daughter who was lost in the Chengdu area. After investigation, "He Feifei" was arrested with his aunt, but they gritted their teeth and refused to admit it, and they were finally released a few months later.
After nearly a decade of civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communists, Zhu De naturally had no time to look for the whereabouts of his daughter, nor did he dare to openly search for the whereabouts of his daughter, but could only silently bear the pain of missing his daughter in his heart. First several anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations, then the bloody Long March, and the split incident of Zhang Guotao on the way, he finally arrived in Yan'an.
In December 1936, with the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, the Kuomintang finally stopped "suppressing bandits" and began to establish an anti-Japanese national united front. Taking advantage of this rare opportunity, Zhu De immediately asked Comrade Zhou Enlai, director of the CPC office in Wuhan, to help him find his long-lost daughter.
Zhu De and Zhou Enlai
After several years of searching and verification, He Feifei was finally found. In order to further verify the situation, Zhou Enlai sent his wife Deng Yingchao to Chengdu in person, and by repeatedly checking the information with He Feifei's grandmother and aunt, she determined that the girl in front of her was Zhu De's only daughter, Zhu Min.
In 1940, Zhu Min, who was already 14 years old, came to Yan'an accompanied by Comrade Deng Yingchao and met his father, Zhu De. Hearing his daughter shout "Daddy", Zhu De, who did not frown at the guns and bullets, had moist eyes and could not cry when he held his daughter. Afterwards, according to Zhu Min's recollection:
I thought my father would forget me, but I didn't expect him to clearly remember what I looked like when I was a child. Even, he remembered exactly where I was born, how much the lunar calendar was and how much the solar calendar was that day.
The day when he was just reunited with his father was happy, Zhu Min pestered his father all day, and Zhu De always put joy on his face. After the first Spring Festival, he reluctantly said to his daughter:
The task of our generation is revolution and efforts to create a brand-new China. And the task of your generation is to learn and build a new country in the future. Therefore, I am ready to send you to study in the Soviet Union!
At that time, Zhu Min was not willing to leave his father, let alone study abroad. However, after repeated persuasion from her father, she finally agreed to go to the Soviet Union, with Mao Zedong's daughter Li Min and Luo Yinong's son Luo Beibei and others.
At the end of January 1941, Zhu Min and others finally arrived in Moscow and entered the First International Children's Hospital. In order to hide their true identities, each child has his own pseudonym, and Zhu Min's name "Chiying" is still taken up by Zhu De himself.
Because of his poor physique and unsatisfactory water and soil, Zhu Min soon developed severe tracheitis and asthma. For health reasons, she was transferred by the Soviet side to the Young Pioneers training camp in Minsk for recuperation and exercise.
With the outbreak of the Soviet-German war, the Soviet army was completely confused by the German blitzkrieg, and there was a situation of total rout. Naturally, the Minsk Young Pioneers training camp on the western front of the Soviet Union did not have time to retreat, and Zhu Min and other children were taken prisoner by the Germans.
Prisoners of war held by Germany
Zhu Min recalled that she, along with more than 20 other children, was stuffed into a sealed carriage and transported to a concentration camp. Due to the harsh conditions, the train was always accompanied by the smell of blood and sweat, feces and urine, and only one moldy loaf of bread could be eaten per person every day until the seventh day.
After entering the concentration camp, the real purgatory began. The German Nazis were very cruel, both adults and children had to do heavy hard labor, and if they did not comply, they would be whipped and kicked. For the Jews, it was even more inhumane, and it would concentrate on slaughter and burning, which greatly shocked Zhu Min.
However, the strong Zhu Min was not intimidated by this ordeal, and silently vowed to get out of the magic cave and return to his homeland. In the camp, the best way to protect herself was to hide her identity, and in order not to leak any information about herself, she began to pretend to be dumb and not speak. And this outfit is more than three years.
The long silence made Zhu Min almost lose the function of language. Later, although it was successfully rescued by the Soviet army, it took a long time to gradually recover, which was very difficult.
In the days of the concentration camps, apart from the heavy physical labor, the most feared thing is to get sick, because it probably means death. Zhu Min had seen with his own eyes that Nazi soldiers dragged several patients outside and shot them directly, and then dragged them to an incinerator and burned them.
German concentration camps
Therefore, even if he felt unwell from time to time, Zhu Min never dared to speak up until he had a serious cervical lymph tuberculosis. Fortunately, the German military doctor was still kind, although he did not carry out any disinfection, did not implement anesthesia, and forcefully cut open the pus and squeezed out. However, Zhu Min was not executed after all, but left a scar on his neck that was up to three centimeters long.
After the "operation", Zhu Min had fainted in pain and had been carried back to the cell when she woke up. Due to the simple and rough treatment method, coupled with the unnecessary anti-inflammatory drugs, she soon developed a high fever due to the infection, even to the point of unconsciousness, and almost did not survive.
In 1944, after not contacting his daughter for a long time, Judd guessed that something must have happened to her. Therefore, he immediately asked the Soviet side for a search, but the Great Patriotic War was in full swing at that time, and the Soviet Union did not take it too seriously.
It was not until January 1945, with the successful capture of the German concentration camp by the Soviet Red Army, that Zhu Min, who had been tortured for more than three years, reappeared. Faced with the help of the Soviet army, she tried to speak for the first time, and finally revealed her nationality and identity, asking them to pass on the news to the Chinese Communist Party.
When the Soviet side passed the news back to Yan'an, Chairman Mao immediately informed Zhu De, telling him that his daughter was still alive. Immediately afterwards, the Chinese communists sent a telegram to Stalin, asking him to escort Zhu Min safely back to China. What people never expected was that Zhu Min refused to return to China. Although she missed her father, Jude, she still firmly stated:
Originally, I came to the Soviet Union to study, but I have not yet completed the task. As Zhu De's daughter, I can't embarrass him, I must learn to be successful before I can return to China.
From 1945 to 1949, it took Zhu Min only four years to complete a ten-year course from elementary school to high school in the Soviet Union. She was then admitted to Lenin Pedagogical University with honors and did not return to China until 1952 after graduating from university. In order to welcome her long-departed daughter, Zhu De personally went to the airport to meet her, and the father and daughter cried with their heads.
Zhu Min found that his father was getting older and older, and he was no longer as strong and burly as he was in Yan'an. At that time, new China was in a state of ruin, and according to Zhu Min's origin and education, she was fully qualified for a higher job. However, Jude said:
Our country is in great need of building talents, and what you are engaged in is the work of cultivating talents, which is a very great cause. Be a qualified people's teacher, this is what Daddy expects of you.
After that, Zhu Min entered the Department of Education and the Department of Russian Language of Beijing Normal University to teach, always following his father's teachings, neither engaging in privileges nor taking the back door, and engaged in front-line education work for a long time. Moreover, after joining the work, she consciously moved out of Zhongnanhai and lived in the collective dormitory arranged by the school.
Zhu Min and Liu Zheng
At the end of 1952, Zhu Min and Liu Zheng entered the palace of marriage. After marriage, the two had five sons and a daughter, namely Liu Jian, Liu Kang, Liu Jin, Liu Min, Liu Wu and Liu Li. She completely relied on her own efforts to cultivate these six children into the pillars of the country. In "My Father Zhu De", Zhu Min wrote:
I love my dad deeply because he is a relative, and I complain about my dad because he is a great man.
Throughout his life, Comrade Zhu De was bright and upright, always keeping firmly in mind the purpose of serving the people. Therefore, even if he only had one son and one daughter, he never used his power for personal gain, and did not let his children stain his own light.
On January 8, 1976, the admired and beloved Premier Zhou Enlai passed away. At that time, Zhu De had just been discharged from the hospital, and the staff did not dare to tell him for fear that he was too sad, and did not learn the news until more than eight o'clock in the evening. He was stunned at first, and after a moment of silence, he was still in tears.
At Zhou Enlai's memorial service, Zhu De dragged his weak sick body to insist on coming in person, looking affectionately at his old comrades-in-arms lying in the cypress bushes. An unexpected scene appeared, he suddenly straightened up, and with difficulty raised his trembling right hand to perform a solemn military salute, which moved countless people.
Zhu De saluted Zhou Enlai for the last time
By June 1976, Jude's health was no longer as good as before. In particular, the death of Premier Zhou Enlai dealt him a huge blow, and he felt extremely sad to see this comrade-in-arms who was twelve years younger than himself leave.
After entering July, Jude's condition had deteriorated rapidly, and it was even difficult to breathe and speak. However, he still insisted that the secretary read the documents and newspapers every day, still cared about the major affairs of the country, and still chanted:
I can still do things, ... I still have to work, ... Revolutionize to the end!
Chairman Mao
At 3:01 p.m. on July 6, 1976, Comrade Zhu De completed his revolutionary life. After hearing of Zhu De's death, Chairman Mao, who had just been rescued, eagerly inquired and arranged for the aftermath of Zhu De. The mouth even sighed like this:
Vermilion, vermilion, cannot be separated. Now That Mr. Zhu has gone to see Marx, I have also....
Jude's memorial service
After the death of Comrade Zhu De, the Party Central Committee set up a special funeral committee. They are Mao Zedong, Hua Guofeng, Ye Jianying, Wei Guoqing, Liu Bocheng, Xu Shiyou, Ji Dengkui, Wu De, Wang Dongxing, Chen Yonggui, Chen Xilian, Li Xiannian, Li Desheng and others.
Jude's family photo
As the sixth wife of Comrade Zhu De, although Kang Keqing did not have children, Zhu Qi and Zhu Min both affectionately called her "Kang Mother". After Zhu De's death, Zhu Min often visited Kang Keqing, visiting a mother who was even closer than her own mother.
As for his mother He Zhihua, Zhu Min has always been difficult to forgive. Not only did she abandon herself, but she also abandoned her father and abandoned the revolution. In his later years, Zhu Min also regretted this:
I hate my mother not because she didn't raise me, but because she betrayed the family, betrayed the revolution, and cared only for her own private pleasures, which was completely different from my father's ideals. So, her life was a failure. As a daughter, I can't forgive her.
In 1986, Zhu Min left for retirement. In order to continue to exert her residual enthusiasm on the education front, she worked with the old comrades in the army and localities to create an adult institution of higher learning dedicated to providing further education for the troops and localities, the China University of Dual-Purpose Talents, which was later renamed the "Beijing Military-Local Specialized Training College".
Zhu Min passed away
On April 13, 2009, Zhu Min passed away peacefully accompanied by her husband and children at the age of 83. Looking back on her life, although she has not had a vigorous deed and contribution, she silently fulfilled her father Zhu De's expectations - "to be a qualified people's teacher".
Medal for the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War
On April 15, 2015, Russian Ambassador to China Denisov presented the "Commemorative Medal for the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Great Patriotic War" to 32 Chinese citizens who had made outstanding contributions to the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union on behalf of President Putin. Among them, Zhu Min is one of the winners in the list. @Wenshi is not false