Xianbei Tuoba regime Northern Wei Xiaowen Emperor was a famous political reformer in ancient Chinese history, Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital from pingcheng south to Luoyang, from the seventeenth year of Taihe (493 AD) october Emperor Xiaowen ordered the construction of a new capital, to The nineteenth year of Taihe (495 AD) September, the sixth palace and Wenwu moved to Luoyang, it took only two years to complete, the relocation of the capital is a huge and complicated project, Emperor Xiaowen only took 2 years, can not be said to be a historical miracle. In the northern Wei court and court, only a few people really supported Emperor Xiaowen's move to the capital from beginning to end.
Emperor Xiaowen's decision to make the capital Luoyang was so sudden and secretive that even Yuan Cheng and Li Huan, who were regarded as right and left hands at the time, did not know in advance. Therefore, the formulation of the strategy of fixing the capital Luoyang and preparing to send troops to the south was obviously from the hands of another group of people. In fact, in the process of the southern migration of the Northern Wei regime, the key figures who helped Emperor Xiaowen to complete his historical mission were Shangshu Li Huan, Tuoba Cheng the Prince of Rencheng, and Empress Feng of Xiaowen. However, after Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital to Luoyang, Northern Wei soon went from its peak to decline and demise.
In 258 AD, the Tuoba chieftain Li Wei held a celestial assembly in present-day Inner Mongolia and Lingle, a place called Shengle at that time, establishing the position of hereditary chief of the Xianbei Tuoba clan in the tribal alliance, and Shengle became the political, cultural and economic center of the Xianbei Tuoba regime. After Tuoba Lian restored the kingdom, he took present-day Inner Mongolia and Linger as its capital. In 387 AD, the Tuoba forces made Pingcheng the southern capital. In September 396, after entering the Central Plains, after the defeat of Later Yan, Tuoba Frog prepared to set the capital at Yecheng, 20 kilometers southwest of present-day Linzhang County, Hebei Province, but this was not realized.
In 494, Emperor Xiaowen suddenly decided to move the capital from Pingcheng to Luoyang. What is the real reason for this relocation? Emperor Xiaowen was hard to say and could not say to people. In fact, although Empress Feng had died at that time, in the Northern Wei Dynasty, empress Feng's forces basically controlled the political situation, and Emperor Xiaowen felt that the ghost of empress Dowager Feng was not scattered, and he said that nothing counted. How to get rid of this environment and atmosphere as soon as possible, establish the absolute authority of imperial power, and be an emperor who can make a difference according to his own will is the top priority in front of Emperor Xiaowen.
Therefore, after Empress Feng's death, the first thing Emperor Xiaowen secretly planned was to move the capital. In fact, Emperor Xiaowen left a group of Xianbei elders in the north after moving the capital. Killing a group of meritorious nobles who opposed the relocation of the capital and proposing a number of Han Confucian measures did indeed change their situation. In the second year after Empress Feng's death, Emperor Xiaowen built the Shou Mausoleum for himself in the northeast of the side of the Empress Dowager's Mausoleum in Pingcheng, and later built a mausoleum at the boundary of Guanzhuang Village in Matun Town, Lujin County, northwest of Luoyang City, with its mound facing north and south, about 35 meters high and 45 meters in diameter. The purpose of this construction is to make oneself supreme after death, rather than to be buried with subordinates.
It can be said that Emperor Xiaowen, in order to get rid of the shadow of matriarchy, change the administrative environment, truly assert imperial power, and live and die alone, is the real reason why Emperor Xiaowen moved the capital. Of course, Emperor Xiaowen's relocation of the capital triggered and intensified social contradictions and shook the foundation of the country. Subsequently, a series of events caused by the relocation of the capital occurred in Northern Wei, such as: the crown prince Tuoba Ke was poisoned by Emperor Xiaowen, a group of imperial relatives Pingcheng mutinied, the Six Towns Uprising, and so on. From then on, a vigorous and positive nation in Northern Wei began to decline, and because Emperor Xiaowen and his successor Emperor Xuanwu continued to use troops to the south. It has greatly increased the burden on the people and social contradictions. The people rebelled and revolted continuously, causing the Northern Wei Dynasty to begin to decline and perish.