Type II immunity promotes tissue regeneration and fibrosis after injury
Type II immune responses are caused by cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 and are usually observed in tissues that are allergic inflammatory and infected with helminth parasites. But at the same time, these cells are also involved in tissue repair, exerting a protective role by reducing inflammation and activating tissue regeneration mechanisms. However, when the type II immune response is overactive or abnormal, it can lead to the development of pathological fibrosis, especially when activated persistently, and IL-4 and IL-13 signaling may promote the development of fibrosis. At present, some studies have explored the treatment of allergic and fibrotic diseases by blocking IL-4 and IL-13 signaling pathways, but some trial results are not ideal, so more in-depth research and regulatory mechanisms that balance tissue repair and fibrosis are needed.
