Work methods such as high work pressure, anxiety, sitting for a long time, and sitting at a desk for a long time have all brought varying degrees of damage to the health of practitioners. "Stress fat", low back pain, cervical spondylosis...... These diseases are often derided as "contemporary occupational diseases". Can these diseases be included in the category of occupational diseases? Wang Jiandong, deputy director of the Occupational Health Department of the National Health Commission and first-class inspector, answered authoritatively. Wang Jiandong introduced that according to the relevant regulations of the International Labour Organization and the world's common practice, occupational diseases generally have a legal definition. According to the relevant regulations of the mainland, occupational diseases refer to diseases caused by exposure to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful substances in the occupational activities of workers in enterprises, public institutions and individual economic organizations. "There are three elements here, one is that the worker must be a worker in enterprises, institutions and individual economic organizations, the second is in professional activities, and the third is exposure to toxic and harmful substances. Wang Jiandong said, but meeting these three elements does not necessarily mean that it can be defined as an occupational disease. It can only be called an occupational disease in the list of occupational diseases. The list of occupational diseases in mainland China was published in 2013, and the current list of occupational diseases has 132 kinds in 10 categories, and these 132 diseases are the legal occupational diseases in our country. In other words, a statutory occupational disease must have the above four elements.
In the professional population, it is often said that low back pain, cervical spondylosis, and varicose veins caused by long-term standing may be caused by poor working methods or poor sitting postures at work, but they may also be caused by bad lifestyle behaviors in our lives. According to Wang Jiandong, these diseases are generally referred to as work-related diseases, which are related to work, life, and may also be related to other factors. From the perspective of relevance, statutory occupational diseases are diseases that are selected from work-related diseases, which are easy to be attributed and diagnosed and included in the classification and catalogue of occupational diseases. That is to say, our 132 diseases are part of work-related diseases, which are easy to diagnose as an attribution of occupational diseases, and are diseases caused by workers' exposure to occupational disease hazards in occupational activities, which is the difference and connection between work-related diseases and occupational diseases. "All sectors of society are highly concerned about the adjustment of the catalogue and look forward to expanding the types of diseases and including more diseases of occupational groups in occupational activities into the classification and catalogue of occupational diseases. Wang Jiandong said that since 2020, the National Health Commission has organized relevant units to carry out relevant preliminary research on the adjustment to understand the progress of the formulation of the directory of foreign and international labor organizations, and through visits to employers, occupational disease diagnosis institutions and relevant departments and experts such as the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, to listen to the opinions of all parties on the adjustment of the catalog, on this basis, the organization of professional institutions to study and compile the diagnostic criteria for the proposed new diseases, and the adjustment of the catalog is being accelerated and orderly in accordance with the procedures. "The new occupational diseases should be commensurate with the level of economic and social development of our country, focus on key occupational groups, and make up for the shortcomings of the current catalog. Wang Jiandong stressed that the formulation or adjustment of the classification and catalogue of occupational diseases is for prevention. For the diseases included in the catalogue, the employer shall implement the corresponding responsibility for the prevention and control of occupational disease hazards in accordance with the law, do a good job in the occupational health management of workers, and avoid or reduce the suffering of occupational diseases to the greatest extent. For work-related diseases that are not included in the classification and catalogue of occupational diseases, the focus is to encourage employers to carry out regular health examinations for workers, improve the working environment and conditions, carry out health guidance and health management for workers, do a good job in popularizing the knowledge of work-related disease prevention, improve workers' awareness and skills of disease prevention, and achieve the goal of not getting sick and getting sick less.
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Source|CCTV Editor|Taotao Attention